History of Mount Sinai (Bible) in Timeline

Mount Sinai, also referred to as Mount Horeb, is significant in the Hebrew Bible, specifically the Book of Exodus. It is the location where Moses received the Ten Commandments from God. The event is a cornerstone of Jewish and Christian religious tradition, marking a pivotal moment of divine revelation and the establishment of a covenant between God and the Israelites. Sinai's precise geographical location remains debated, but its symbolic importance as the site of the giving of the Law is undisputed.

1950: Abandonment of Har Karkom

Around 1950 BCE, Har Karkom, a Paleolithic cult center, appears to have been abandoned. This location has been proposed as a possible location for the biblical Mount Sinai, though its timeline does not match most estimations.

1954: Construction of Greek Orthodox chapel

In 1954, the church at the peak of Jabal Musa was replaced by a Greek Orthodox chapel.

2000: Peak of religious activity at Har Karkom

Around 2000 BCE, the peak of religious activity occurred at Har Karkom, a Paleolithic cult center located in the southwest Negev desert in Israel.

2003: Identification of Hala-'l Badr as Mount Sinai

In 2003, Colin Humphreys, along with A. Musil and J. Koenig, advocated for the el Jaww basin volcano Hala-'l Badr as a possible location for Mount Sinai.

2012: I. Knohl's research on Mount Hermon as Mount Sinai

In 2012, I. Knohl's contested research suggested that Mount Hermon is actually the Mount Sinai mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, relating the biblical story to an ancient battle between northern tribes and Egyptians.