Pelicans are large water birds belonging to the Pelecanidae family. They're known for their distinctive long beaks and large throat pouches, which they use to catch prey by scooping them up along with water, then draining the water before swallowing. Most pelicans have pale plumage, except for the brown and Peruvian species. Before the breeding season, the bills, pouches, and bare facial skin of all pelicans become brightly colored.
In 1910, Dixon Lanier Merritt composed a popular limerick about the pelican.
In 1939, anatomical dissections of brown pelicans revealed a network of air sacs under the skin, connected to the respiratory system, providing buoyancy and potentially cushioning impact during dives.
In 1970, the brown pelican was listed as an endangered species in the United States due to plummeting numbers caused by DDT pollution.
In 1972, an effective ban on the use of DDT was implemented in the US, which helped the eggshells of breeding brown pelicans thicken and their populations recover.
In 1972, restrictions on the use of DDT were implemented in the United States to combat environmental pollution, which significantly impacted the brown pelican population.
In May 1975, over 300 pelicans died in Louisiana from poisoning by the pesticide endrin, following a re-establishment effort involving imported pelicans from Florida.
In 1990, approximately 14,000 pelicans, including 7,500 American white pelicans, perished from botulism after consuming fish from the Salton Sea.
In 1991, abnormal numbers of brown pelicans and Brandt's cormorants died at Santa Cruz, California, due to their food fish (anchovies) being contaminated with neurotoxic domoic acid.
In 1996, a pelican was depicted on the reverse of the Albanian 1 lek coin.
In 1998, the Peruvian pelican population dramatically declined during the El Niño event.
In 2005, the American white pelican population was estimated at over 157,000 birds, with an increase in numbers east of the continental divide.
In 2007, a report estimated that between 500 and 1,000 brown pelicans had been affected by oil spills in California over the previous 20 years.
In 2008, a cladogram based on Hackett et al. was created to represent the evolutionary relationships of pelicans.
In 2009, the brown pelican was delisted as an endangered species in the United States due to its population recovery following restrictions on DDT use.
In April 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill occurred, significantly impacting pelican populations.
In 2011, a report estimated that 9,320 brown pelicans were harmed as a result of the April 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
In May 2012, hundreds of Peruvian pelicans were reported to have perished in Peru due to a combination of starvation and roundworm infestation.
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