"Jeffrey Preston Bezos is a highly successful American entrepreneur, investor, and media mogul best known for founding Amazon, the global leader in e-commerce and cloud computing. He served as Amazon's CEO and president, playing a pivotal role in its growth into one of the world's most valuable companies. His extraordinary success has made him one of the wealthiest individuals globally, consistently ranking among the top billionaires, according to Bloomberg and Forbes."
On January 12, 1964, Jeff Bezos was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico. He would later become known for founding Amazon.
When Jeff Bezos was 17 months old, in June 1965, his mother filed for divorce from his biological father, Ted Jorgensen.
Jeff Bezos was legally adopted by his stepfather, Miguel "Mike" Bezos, in April 1968, changing his surname from Jorgensen to Bezos.
The Apollo 11 mission, the first manned mission to land on the Moon, launched in July 1969. Two of the engines from this mission would later be recovered by Jeff Bezos.
After graduating high school in 1982, Jeff Bezos enrolled at Princeton University, initially pursuing physics before switching to electrical engineering and computer science.
In 1982, during his high school valedictorian speech and in a subsequent interview, an 18-year-old Jeff Bezos shared his interest in space travel, including the development of hotels, amusement parks, and colonies in orbit, with the goal of preserving Earth's resources.
Jeff Bezos graduated as high school valedictorian in 1982, expressing his dream of space colonization and envisioning a future where humanity lives beyond Earth.
Upon graduating from college in 1986, Jeff Bezos received numerous job offers. He accepted a position at Fitel, a fintech telecommunications startup.
Jeff Bezos graduated from Princeton University in 1986 with degrees in electrical engineering and computer science.
In 1986, Jeff Bezos graduated summa cum laude from Princeton University with a Bachelor of Science in Engineering (BSE). He was a member of Phi Beta Kappa and Tau Beta Pi.
Jeff Bezos transitioned into the banking industry in 1988 when he became a product manager at Bankers Trust, a role he held until 1990.
From 1990 to 1994, Jeff Bezos worked at D.E. Shaw & Co, a hedge fund, where he eventually rose to become the fourth senior vice-president by the age of 30.
While employed at D. E. Shaw in Manhattan in 1992, Jeff Bezos became acquainted with MacKenzie Tuttle, a research associate at the firm. They would go on to marry the following year.
Jeff Bezos, along with his then-wife MacKenzie Scott, founded Amazon on July 5, 1994, in a rented garage in Bellevue, Washington. The company was initially an online bookstore.
Following their move across the country to Seattle, Washington, in 1994, Jeff Bezos established the company Amazon.
In 1994, Jeff Bezos left his position at D.E. Shaw & Co to pursue his entrepreneurial ambition of starting an online bookstore, which would later become Amazon.
In mid-1994, during a road trip from New York City to Seattle, Jeff Bezos founded Amazon, initially an online bookstore that expanded significantly.
Jeff Bezos, despite his wealth, was known for his modest lifestyle, driving a 1996 Honda Accord.
Using the $54 million raised from a 1997 equity offering, Jeff Bezos pursued an aggressive acquisition strategy, acquiring smaller competitors to bolster Amazon's market position.
The Motley Fool estimated that if Jeff Bezos had not sold any shares since Amazon's initial public offering in 1997, his net worth would have reached $181 billion by 2018.
Jeff Bezos became a millionaire in 1997 following Amazon's successful initial public offering (IPO), which raised \$54 million.
In 1998, Jeff Bezos became an early investor in Google, investing \$250,000 in the company.
In 1998, Jeff Bezos decided to expand Amazon's offerings by venturing into the online sale of music and video products.
Since 1998, Jeff Bezos has written an annual letter to Amazon shareholders, outlining his business philosophy and vision for the company.
Before Jeff Bezos, Bill Gates held the title of the richest person in the world in 1999.
In 1999, Jeff Bezos purchased three adjoining apartments at 25 Central Park West in Manhattan for $7.65 million.
In 1999, Jeff Bezos's net worth reached \$10 billion, making him a billionaire for the first time.
Jeff Bezos was listed on the Forbes World's Billionaires list for the first time in 1999, with an estimated net worth of \$10.1 billion, ranking him 19th globally and 10th in the United States.
Jeff Bezos established Blue Origin, a human spaceflight startup company, in September 2000.
Jeff Bezos established Blue Origin, an aerospace manufacturer and sub-orbital spaceflight services company, in 2000.
As Amazon's cash balances dwindled to $350 million in 2000, Jeff Bezos secured a $2 billion loan from banks to support the company's growth.
Under Jeff Bezos' leadership, Amazon launched Amazon Web Services (AWS) in 2002, initially compiling data from weather channels and website traffic.
In March 2003, Jeff Bezos was involved in a helicopter crash in West Texas during a land survey for his company Blue Origin. Despite sustaining minor injuries, Bezos was released from a local hospital the same day. The other passengers, pilot Charles "Cheater" Bella, Amazon lawyer Elizabeth Korrell, and rancher Ty Holland, also survived.
After facing financial difficulties in 2002, Amazon, under Jeff Bezos' guidance, experienced a significant turnaround in 2003, achieving a profit of $35 million.
Rob Meyerson took on the role of president of Blue Origin in 2003, becoming the first person to hold that position. He continued to lead the company until 2017.
Between 2005 and 2007, Jeff Bezos's net worth experienced substantial growth, quadrupling to \$8.7 billion.
Blue Origin purchased a large piece of land in West Texas in 2006, intending to use it for a launch and test facility.
In November 2007, Jeff Bezos introduced the Amazon Kindle, an e-reader designed to enhance the reading experience.
By 2007, at the peak of his wealth before the financial crisis, Jeff Bezos's net worth reached \$8.7 billion.
In 2008, Jeff Bezos expressed his desire to create a device, the Kindle, that would allow readers to experience a "flow state" similar to that of playing video games.
Jeff Bezos began making donations to the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in 2009.
Jeff Bezos donated $100,000 to oppose a proposed income tax on "top earners" in Washington state in 2010.
After experiencing a decline in wealth during the financial crisis, Jeff Bezos's net worth rebounded significantly in 2010, increasing by 85.2% to \$12.6 billion. This surge moved him up to 43rd place on the Forbes World's Billionaires list from his previous position of 68th.
In September 2011, an uncrewed prototype vehicle developed by Blue Origin experienced a crash during a short test flight.
During his initial discussions about what would become Alexa with his technical advisor Greg Hart in 2011, Jeff Bezos revealed his goal of creating a technology akin to "the Star Trek computer".
Adding to his real estate portfolio, Jeff Bezos bought a fourth unit in the same building at 25 Central Park West in Manhattan for $5.3 million in 2012.
In 2012, Jeff and MacKenzie Bezos donated $2.5 million to support the legalization of same-sex marriage in Washington state.
Jeff Bezos and Richard Branson, the chairman of Virgin Galactic, met in May 2013 to discuss opportunities and strategies related to commercial spaceflight.
On August 5, 2013, Jeff Bezos bought The Washington Post for \$250 million in cash.
On October 1, 2013, the sale of The Washington Post was finalized, and Jeff Bezos' holding company, Nash Holdings, took control of the newspaper.
Jeff Bezos purchased The Washington Post, a major American newspaper, for $250 million in 2013.
Jeff Bezos pledged $500,000 to Worldreader, a non-profit organization focused on digital literacy, in 2013.
In 2013, Jeff Bezos, through his company Bezos Expeditions, funded the recovery of two Saturn V first-stage Rocketdyne F-1 engines from the Apollo 11 mission from the Atlantic Ocean.
In 2013, Jeff Bezos secured a $600 million contract with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) for Amazon Web Services. In October of the same year, Amazon was recognized as the world's largest online shopping retailer.
In March 2014, Jeff Bezos made his first significant change as the owner of The Washington Post by removing the online paywall for subscribers of several U.S. local newspapers in Texas, Hawaii, and Minnesota.
The International Trade Union Confederation named Jeff Bezos the "World's Worst Boss" in May 2014, criticizing his aggressive business practices.
Amazon secured a $600 million contract with the CIA for cloud computing services in 2014.
In 2014, following a rumor about Amazon developing a smartphone, Jeff Bezos's net worth climbed to $30.5 billion.
In 2015, Blue Origin's New Shepard vehicle achieved a significant milestone by reaching space and successfully landing back on Earth.
In 2015, Jeff Bezos announced that Blue Origin was in the process of developing a new orbital launch vehicle, with plans for its first flight in the late 2010s.
In 2015, Jeff Bezos publicly challenged a critical article published in The New York Times, demonstrating his willingness to defend Amazon against negative portrayals.
In January 2016, Jeff Bezos set out to reinvent The Washington Post by reconstructing its digital media, mobile platforms, and analytics software, aiming to transform it into a media and technology company.
By March 2016, when Forbes calculated the annual wealth rankings, Jeff Bezos's net worth was recorded at $45.2 billion.
In May 2016, Jeff Bezos sold over one million shares of his Amazon stock, raising $671 million, the largest sum he had earned from selling his stock at that time.
On August 4, 2016, Jeff Bezos sold one million shares of his Amazon stock for $756.7 million.
In October 2016, Jeff Bezos experienced a significant boost to his net worth, which increased by $16.2 billion to reach $66.5 billion. This jump unofficially positioned him as the third-wealthiest person worldwide, trailing behind Warren Buffett.
Following the 2016 presidential election, Jeff Bezos was invited to join Donald Trump's Defense Innovation Advisory Board.
Since 2016, Jeff Bezos has been more open about his aspirations to colonize the solar system, selling $1 billion worth of Amazon stock annually to fund Blue Origin in support of this goal.
Public criticism of Jeff Bezos's relatively low levels of philanthropy compared to other billionaires began to escalate in 2016.
Jeff Bezos, driven by his interest in speech recognition and connection to Alexa, secured a cameo role in the 2016 film "Star Trek Beyond" as a Starfleet official. He even participated in a screening with the cast and crew at San Diego Comic-Con.
Jeff Bezos granted select journalists access to tour and photograph the Blue Origin facility in 2016.
From 2016 to 2017, Jeff Bezos experienced remarkable growth in his wealth, prompting various analyses of his earnings over specific periods.
Between January 2017 and January 2018, Jeff Bezos witnessed a staggering increase in his net worth, adding $33.6 billion. This growth surpassed the economic output (measured in GDP) of over 96 countries worldwide.
Jeff Bezos donated $1 million to the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press in May 2017 to support legal services for journalists.
On June 15, 2017, Jeff Bezos used Twitter to solicit ideas for his philanthropic endeavors, stating he was seeking long-term strategies.
Due to fluctuations in Amazon's share price, Jeff Bezos briefly surpassed Bill Gates to become the wealthiest person in the world in July 2017.
On July 27, 2017, Jeff Bezos's estimated net worth exceeded $90 billion, making him the world's wealthiest person for a short time, surpassing Bill Gates.
On October 10, 2017, Jeff Bezos reportedly earned an estimated $6.24 billion in just five minutes, a sum slightly lower than the annual gross domestic product of Kyrgyzstan at the time.
Throughout October 2017, Jeff Bezos's net worth continued to fluctuate, occasionally exceeding Bill Gates's wealth due to variations in Amazon's share price.
On November 24, 2017, Jeff Bezos's net worth surpassed $100 billion for the first time.
In December 2017, Blue Origin's New Shepard spacecraft successfully completed a test flight carrying dummy passengers. This success led to the rescheduling of the company's first human spaceflight to late 2018.
In 2017, Amazon created 130,000 new jobs.
Rob Meyerson, the president of Blue Origin, stepped down from his role in 2017 after leading the company for 14 years.
Jeff Bezos became the wealthiest person in the world in 2017, a title he held according to both Bloomberg and Forbes.
From 2017 onwards, Jeff Bezos became a frequent subject of parody on Saturday Night Live, often portrayed as a ruthless and dominant figure.
By 2017, Jeff Bezos' initial \$250,000 investment in Google had resulted in 3.3 million shares, valued at approximately \$3.1 billion.
Jeff Bezos continued his support for the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center with donations through 2017.
In January 2018, Jeff Bezos announced his involvement in a new healthcare company. The venture, later named Haven, was a partnership between Amazon, JPMorgan, and Berkshire Hathaway.
In the context of 2017-2018, Jeff Bezos's wealth was equivalent to that of 2.7 million Americans.
Jeff Bezos donated $33 million to TheDream.US in January 2018, a scholarship fund supporting undocumented immigrants brought to the US as children.
By January 19, 2018, Bezos's Amazon stock holdings had increased in value to over $109 billion.
Jeff Bezos was featured in Amazon's Super Bowl commercial on January 29, 2018.
On February 1, 2018, Amazon announced its highest ever quarterly earnings, reaching $2 billion in profit.
Forbes officially designated Jeff Bezos as the world's wealthiest person on March 6, 2018, with a net worth of $112 billion.
Jeff Bezos met with Saudi Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman in Seattle in March 2018 to discuss potential investments related to Saudi Vision 2030.
In March 2018, Bezos sent Amit Agarwal, Amazon's global senior vice president, to India with $5.5 billion to expand Amazon's presence in the country. During this same month, President Trump accused Amazon of tax avoidance, misusing postal routes, and anti-competitive practices, causing Amazon's share price to drop and impacting Bezos's personal wealth.
Forensic analysis suggested that the alleged hack of Jeff Bezos's phone may have been executed using a malicious file sent through a WhatsApp message from the Saudi crown prince's personal account on May 1, 2018.
Jeff Bezos, in May 2018, emphasized that the main objective of Blue Origin was to help preserve Earth's resources by making humanity a multi-planetary species. He revealed his plan to begin transporting humans into sub-orbital space using New Shepard by November 2018.
Jeff Bezos made a donation to Breakthrough Energy Ventures, a philanthropic fund established by Bill Gates to promote clean energy, in June 2018.
According to Quartz, in July 2018, Jeff Bezos's net worth of $150 billion was substantial enough to acquire the entire stock markets of Nigeria, Hungary, Egypt, Luxembourg, and Iran.
In July 2018, Blue Origin released the prices for its commercial spaceflights, which ranged from $200,000 to $300,000 per person.
In July 2018, members of the United States Congress requested details from Jeff Bezos regarding the use of Amazon's facial recognition software, Rekognition.
Jeff Bezos' net worth reached $150 billion in July 2018, earning him the title of "richest man in modern history".
On July 17, 2018, Jeff Bezos was recognized as the "wealthiest person in modern history" by several publications, including Bloomberg Billionaires Index, Fortune, MarketWatch, The Wall Street Journal, and Forbes.
In September 2018, Jeff Bezos donated $10 million to With Honor, a nonpartisan organization focused on increasing the number of veterans in political office.
In September 2018, Business Insider reported that Jeff Bezos was the only one of the top five billionaires globally who had not signed the Giving Pledge. There were also questions raised about the structure and funding of Bezos's new Day 1 Fund.
In September 2018, Jeff Bezos unveiled the Day 1 Fund, committing $2 billion to address homelessness and establish preschools for low-income communities.
Senator Bernie Sanders introduced the Stop BEZOS Act in September 2018, criticizing Amazon's labor practices and accusing the company of receiving corporate welfare while some employees relied on food stamps.
On October 2, 2018, Jeff Bezos announced a company-wide wage increase for Amazon employees, raising the minimum wage to $15 per hour.
Jeff Bezos announced in May 2018 that Blue Origin was planning to start human spaceflights using its New Shepard spacecraft by November 2018.
In 2018, controversy arose surrounding the bidding process for the Pentagon's $10 billion JEDI cloud computing contract, with allegations that it favored Amazon.
It was reported in 2018 that Jeff Bezos only met with Amazon investors for a total of six hours annually.
In 2018, over 400 Washington Post employees penned an open letter to Jeff Bezos, expressing concerns about inadequate wages and benefits provided to staff members. The letter called for "Fair wages; fair benefits for retirement, family leave and health care; and a fair amount of job security".
Jeff Bezos and his wife, MacKenzie, issued a joint statement in January 2019, revealing their decision to divorce after 25 years of marriage. Shortly after, the National Enquirer exposed Bezos's extramarital affair with media personality Lauren Sánchez, which had been ongoing for several months.
In an online essay published on February 7, 2019, Jeff Bezos accused American Media, Inc. owner David Pecker of extortion and blackmail. Bezos alleged that Pecker threatened to release compromising photos of him and his then-girlfriend, Lauren Sánchez, if Bezos didn't halt his investigation into the leak of his private messages and photos to the National Enquirer.
Jeff Bezos's security consultant accused the Saudi government of hacking Bezos's phone in March 2019, potentially in retaliation for The Washington Post's coverage of Jamal Khashoggi's murder.
Jeff Bezos and MacKenzie Bezos finalized their divorce on April 4, 2019, with Jeff retaining 75% of their Amazon stock and all voting rights, while MacKenzie received 25%, valued at $35.6 billion.
June 2019 saw Jeff Bezos acquire three adjacent apartments, including a penthouse, in Manhattan for a combined cost of US$80 million. This purchase ranked among the most expensive real estate deals in New York City that year.
In November 2019, Amazon filed a lawsuit alleging bias in the bidding process for the Pentagon's $10 billion JEDI cloud computing contract after Microsoft was awarded the contract.
In 2019, Jeff Bezos's wealth was affected by his divorce from MacKenzie Bezos. Despite the potential for an equitable division of assets under Washington state's common law, MacKenzie Bezos received 25% of Jeff Bezos's Amazon shares, valued at approximately $36 billion, in the settlement.
In 2019, Harvard Business Review, despite previously ranking Bezos as a top CEO, removed him from its top 100 ranking due to concerns over Amazon's environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices.
A political action committee with ties to Jeff Bezos spent over $1 million in an attempt to defeat Seattle city council member Kshama Sawant's reelection bid in 2019, but the effort was unsuccessful.
The Guardian reported in January 2020 that the alleged hacking of Jeff Bezos's phone likely began before Jamal Khashoggi's murder but after he published critical articles about the Saudi crown prince in The Washington Post.
In a record-breaking deal, Jeff Bezos acquired the Warner Estate from David Geffen for $165 million in February 2020. This purchase marked the highest price ever paid for a residential property in the Los Angeles area, surpassing the previous record of $150 million.
Jeff Bezos committed $10 billion to fight climate change through the Bezos Earth Fund in February 2020.
At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, Jeff Bezos donated $100 million to Feeding America to support food banks in April 2020.
In August 2020, Jeff Bezos' net worth surpassed $200 billion, according to Forbes.
On February 2, 2021, Jeff Bezos sent an email to Amazon employees, informing them of his plan to step down as CEO and transition to Executive Chairman of the Amazon Board in the third quarter of 2021.
In February 2021, Jeff Bezos announced his intention to step down from his role as CEO of Amazon in the third quarter of that year and to transition to the role of Executive Chairman of the Amazon Board. Andy Jassy was named as his successor.
Jeff Bezos stepped down from his role as CEO and President of Amazon on July 5, 2021, transitioning to the position of executive chairman.
On July 6, 2021, the Pentagon canceled the $10 billion JEDI cloud computing contract with Microsoft, initially awarded in 2019, citing evolving requirements and industry advancements.
In July 2021, Jeff Bezos launched the Courage and Civility Award, awarding $100 million each to lawyer Van Jones and chef José Andrés.
On July 20, 2021, Jeff Bezos, along with his brother Mark, Wally Funk, and Oliver Daemen, launched into space on Blue Origin's NS-16 mission. This event occurred nine days after Richard Branson's spaceflight with Virgin Galactic. Bezos's suborbital flight reached an altitude of 66.5 miles and lasted for over 10 minutes.
Jeff Bezos co-founded Altos Labs, a biotechnology company focused on longevity research, in September 2021.
In September 2021, Jeff Bezos partnered with Mail.ru founder Yuri Milner to co-found Altos Labs, a biotechnology company focused on cellular rejuvenation.
At the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Jeff Bezos pledged $2 billion towards improving food systems and promoting nature conservation in November 2021.
Jeff Bezos donated $100 million to the Obama Foundation on November 22, 2021, to support leadership programs and requested that the plaza of the Obama Presidential Center be named after John Lewis.
Jeff Bezos remained the wealthiest person in the world until 2021, as per Bloomberg Billionaires Index and Forbes.
Altos Labs, the biotechnology company co-founded by Jeff Bezos, launched publicly on January 19, 2022, with an initial capital of \$3 billion.
Further expanding his real estate holdings, Jeff Bezos purchased a $16.13 million apartment in a 24-story boutique condominium across from Madison Square Park in February 2022. Notably, Bezos already owned all units on the top floors of this building in Manhattan's Flatiron neighborhood.
On November 22, 2022, Jeff Bezos awarded $123 million to organizations involved in relocating homeless families to permanent housing. The grants, through the Day 1 Families Fund, will be distributed to 40 organizations across the country.
On May 22, 2023, Jeff Bezos and Lauren Sánchez announced their engagement.
In December 2023, about 750 employees at The Washington Post, owned by Jeff Bezos, participated in a short strike. This action was a response to Bezos's intentions to reduce staff numbers.
Forbes ranked Jeff Bezos as the second-wealthiest individual in America and the third-wealthiest globally in 2023.
As of February 2024, Jeff Bezos holds the position of the world's second-wealthiest person according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index, with an estimated net worth of approximately US$197 billion.
In February 2024, Jeff Bezos sold 24 million shares of Amazon stock, totaling $4 billion. He also made it known that he planned to sell 50 million more shares in the coming year.
Jeff Bezos donated $50 million each to actress Eva Longoria and retired admiral Bill McRaven in March 2024.
As of May 19, 2024, Jeff Bezos' net worth was estimated at $207 billion, making him the second wealthiest person globally.