Hawaii is a U.S. state located in the Pacific Ocean, approximately 2,000 miles southwest of the continental U.S. It is unique as one of two non-contiguous states, the only state not on the North American mainland, the only archipelago state, and the sole state situated within the tropics. This makes Hawaii geographically and climatically distinct within the United States.
In 1900, Hawaiʻi was granted self-governance and retained ʻIolani Palace as the territorial capitol building.
By 1901, more than 5,000 Puerto Ricans were living in Hawaii, likely working on sugarcane plantations.
In 1903, the first wave of Korean immigration to Hawaiʻi began.
By 1920, the Indigenous Hawaiian population had fallen to 24,000 due to foreign diseases.
In 1923, 42% of the population of Hawaii was of Japanese descent, 9% of Chinese descent, and 16% Native Hawaiian descent.
The first wave of Korean immigration to Hawaiʻi ended in 1924.
On April 27, 1931, the warmest temperature recorded in Hawaii was 100 °F (38 °C) in Pahala.
In 1947, the main line of the Oahu Railway and Land Company (OR&L) was officially abandoned.
Hawaiian-language newspapers (nūpepa) published from 1834 to 1948 and traditional native speakers of Hawaiian generally omit the marks in their own writing.
In 1949, the Constitution of the State of Hawaii was drafted, predating the use of diacritics in modern Hawaiian orthography.
In March 1959, Congress passed the Hawaiʻi Admissions Act, which U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed into law. Palmyra Atoll was excluded from statehood.
On June 27, 1959, a referendum asked residents of Hawaiʻi to vote on the statehood bill; 94.3% voted in favor of statehood and 5.7% opposed it.
On August 21, 1959, Hawaii became the 50th state to join the United States.
It was with statehood in 1959 that the Hawaii tourism industry began to grow.
Since Hawaii's statehood in 1959, tourism has been the largest industry.
In 1960, Hawaii participated in its first presidential election, supporting the Democratic candidate.
The Hawaii Islanders, a Triple-A minor league baseball team, played at the Pacific Coast League from 1961 to 1987.
In 1964, Senator Hiram Fong of Hawaii sought the Republican presidential nomination.
Hawaii has hosted the Sony Open in Hawaii golf tournament since 1965.
In 1965, after President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which removed racial and national barriers and resulted in significantly altering the demographic mix in the U.S, the second wave of Korean immigration to Hawaiʻi began.
In 1970, Hiram Fong was the last Republican elected to represent Hawaii in the U.S. Senate.
In 1970, the Census Bureau reported Hawaii's population was 38.8% white and 57.7% Asian and Pacific Islander.
In 1970, the U.S. Navy ceased operating part of the OR&L line, which it had purchased after the main line's abandonment in 1947.
In 1972, Hawaii supported Republican Richard Nixon in a landslide reelection victory.
Hawaii has hosted the Honolulu Marathon since 1973.
The Hawaiians played at the World Football League in 1974 and 1975.
In 1975, slope instability generated damaging earthquakes and related tsunamis.
The Hawaiians played at the World Football League in 1974 and 1975.
Since 1977, both of Hawaii's U.S. Senators have been Democrats.
Team Hawaii, a North American Soccer League team, played in 1977.
Hawaii has hosted the Ironman World Championship triathlon race since 1978.
In 1978, English and Hawaiian were listed as Hawaii's official languages in the state's constitution, Article XV, Section 4.
In 1978, Hawaiian was added to the Constitution of the State of Hawaii as an official state language alongside English.
The Hawaiʻi State Constitutional Convention of 1978 created institutions such as the Office of Hawaiian Affairs to promote indigenous language and culture.
In May 1979, Hawaii's record low temperature was 12 °F (−11 °C), observed on the summit of Mauna Kea.
Hawaii has hosted the Ultraman triathlon since 1983.
In 1984, Hawaii supported Republican Ronald Reagan in a landslide reelection victory.
The Hawaii Islanders, a Triple-A minor league baseball team, played at the Pacific Coast League from 1961 to 1987.
In 1993, 17,000 Hawaiians marched to demand access and control over Hawaiian trust lands as part of the modern Hawaiian sovereignty movement.
In 1993, Congress passed a joint Apology Resolution regarding the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi, acknowledging the historical significance of the event and the active participation of U.S. agents and citizens.
In 1993, the U.S. government formally apologized for its role in the overthrow of Hawaii's government, spurring the Hawaiian sovereignty movement and leading to ongoing efforts to obtain redress for the indigenous population.
In 1993, the US Congress passed the Apology Resolution, which is cited as a major impetus by the movement for Hawaiian sovereignty.
In 1997, tourism contributed 24.3% of the gross state product (GSP) in Hawaii.
Hawaii has hosted the Tournament of Champions golf tournament since 1999.
According to data provided by religious establishments, religion in Hawaii in 2000 was distributed as follows.
As of the 2000 Census, 73.4% of Hawaii residents age 5 and older exclusively speak English at home.
Hawaii hosted the 2000 FINA World Open Water Swimming Championships.
In the 2000 U.S. Census, the median home value in Hawaii was US$272,700, the highest of all states.
The average projected lifespan of people born in Hawaii in 2000 is 79.8 years.
Pacific Buddhist Academy, the second Buddhist high school in the U.S. and first such school in Hawaii, was founded in 2003.
The state of Hawaii's gross output for 2003 was US$47 billion.
In 2004, John Kerry won Hawaii's four electoral votes by a margin of nine percentage points, securing 54% of the vote.
In August 2005, reports indicated that of 282 schools across the state of Hawaii, 185 failed to reach federal minimum performance standards in mathematics and reading.
In 2005, Kamehameha Schools enrolled 5,398 students, representing 8.4% of the Native Hawaiian children in the state.
On June 15, 2006, President George W. Bush proclaimed the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, covering roughly 140,000 square miles of reefs, atolls, and shallow and deep sea.
According to the United States Census, in 2006–2008, there were more than 24,000 total speakers of the Hawaiian language in Hawaii.
In December 2007, the Hawaii Superferry began operating between Oʻahu and Maui.
On February 19, 2008, Barack Obama won the Hawaii Democratic caucus with 76% of the vote.
On November 4, 2008, Honolulu-born Barack Obama was elected the 44th president of the United States.
According to the 2008 American Community Survey, 74.6% of Hawaii's residents older than 5 speak only English at home.
According to the United States Census, in 2006–2008, there were more than 24,000 total speakers of the Hawaiian language in Hawaii.
Hawaii hosted the 2008 Pan-Pacific Championship and 2012 Hawaiian Islands Invitational soccer tournaments.
In March 2009, the Hawaii Superferry ceased operations due to protests and legal challenges related to environmental impact statements.
As of 2009, Hawaii's health care system insures 92% of residents.
In 2009, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints had 68,128 adherents in Hawaii.
In 2009, the United States military spent US$12.2 billion in Hawaii, accounting for 18% of spending in the state for that year.
In 2010, 156,000 residents declared themselves to be solely of Native Hawaiian ancestry.
In 2010, the Catholic Church was the largest religious denomination in Hawaii by membership, with 249,619 adherents.
In 2010, the number of same-sex couple households in Hawaii was 3,239, representing a 35.5% increase from a decade earlier.
Research from the National Association of Realtors places the 2010 median sale price of a single family home in Honolulu, Hawaii, at US$607,600.
The population in Hawaii increased by 60,190 (4.42%) since 2010.
As of 2011, the U.S. military reported it had 42,371 personnel on the islands.
During the 2011–2012 school year, Hawaii public and charter schools had an enrollment of 181,213, while private schools had 37,695.
On November 6, 2012, Barack Obama was re-elected for a second term as president of the United States.
On December 26, 2012, Brian Schatz was appointed as a United States Senator from Hawaii by Governor Neil Abercrombie, following the death of Senator Daniel Inouye.
A 2012 Gallup poll found that Hawaii had the largest proportion of LGBTQIA+ adults in the U.S., at 5.1%, an estimated 53,966 individuals.
During the 2011–2012 school year, Hawaii public and charter schools had an enrollment of 181,213, while private schools had 37,695.
Hawaii has hosted the Lotte Championship golf tournament since 2012.
In 2012, 14.5% of the resident population under age 1 in Hawaii was non-Hispanic white.
In 2012, Mazie Hirono won the election for Senator in Hawaii, succeeding Daniel Akaka.
In 2012, seeds yielded US$264 million in Hawaii, supporting 1,400 workers.
According to a 2013 study by Phoenix Marketing International, Hawaii at that time had the fourth-largest number of millionaires per capita in the United States, with a ratio of 7.2%.
In 2013, Hawaii became the fifteenth U.S. state to legalize same-sex marriage, reportedly boosting tourism by $217 million.
Average electricity prices in Hawaii in October 2014 (36.41 cents per kilowatt-hour) were nearly three times the national average.
In 2014, Brian Schatz won the special election to retain his seat as a U.S. Senator for Hawaii.
In 2014, Hawaii was expected to be one of three states, along with California and New Mexico, without a non-Hispanic white plurality.
In 2014, the per capita income for Hawaii residents was US$54,516.
As of December 2015, the state of Hawaii's unemployment rate was 3.2%.
According to scholar Winona LaDuke, as of 2015, 95% of Hawaiʻi's land was owned or controlled by just 82 landholders, including over 50% by federal and state governments, as well as the established sugar and pineapple companies.
As of 2015, a large proportion of Hawaii's population has Asian ancestry, especially Filipino, Japanese, and Chinese, many of whom are descendants of immigrants who worked on sugarcane plantations in the mid-to-late 19th century.
In 2015, the U.S. Census Bureau recognized Hawaiian Pidgin as an official language in Hawaiʻi.
In 2016, Brian Schatz won the regular election in Hawaii as Senator.
In 2016, passenger ferry service to Molokai was discontinued.
On May 30, 2017, Honolulu International Airport was officially renamed Daniel K. Inouye International Airport, in honor of the late U.S. Senator Daniel K. Inouye.
As of 2017, Hawaiʻi almost always votes Democratic, while Alaska typically votes Republican, contrary to initial predictions.
In May 2018, Kīlauea erupted, opening 22 fissure vents on its eastern rift zone, destroying at least 36 buildings and necessitating the evacuation of more than 2,000 inhabitants.
In 2018, Ed Case was elected as the representative for Hawaii's 1st congressional district.
In 2018, Mazie Hirono was re-elected as Senator in Hawaii.
In 2018, The top countries of origin for immigrants in Hawaii were the Philippines, China, Japan, Korea and the Marshall Islands.
In 2018, the United States Census Bureau estimated the population of Hawaii to be 1,420,491, a decrease of 7,047 from the previous year, but an increase of 60,190 (4.42%) since 2010.
According to the Hawaii Tourism: 2019 Annual Visitor Research Report, a total of 10,386,673 visitors arrived in 2019 which increased 5% from the previous year, with expenditures of almost $18 billion. In 2019, tourism provided over 216,000 jobs statewide and contributed more than $2 billion in tax revenue.
According to the 2020 United States Census, Hawaii had a population of 1,455,271.
In 2020, the Center for Biological Diversity reported on the plastic pollution of Hawaii's Kamilo beach, citing "massive piles of plastic waste".
In a 2020 study, Hawaii was ranked as the 6th easiest state for citizens to vote in.
In January 2022, state officials proposed legislation to create a new Department of Law Enforcement, consolidating the sheriff department and the criminal investigation division to create a statewide police agency.
According to HUD's 2022 Annual Homeless Assessment Report, there were an estimated 5,967 homeless people in Hawaii.
In 2022, Brian Schatz won the regular election in Hawaii as Senator.
In 2022, the Cook Partisan Voting Index ranked Hawaii as the third-most heavily Democratic state in the nation.
As of 2023, all four of Hawaii's seats in the United States Congress (two senators and two representatives) are held by Democrats.
In 2023, a portion of the Skyline elevated passenger rail line, operated by HART, opened for service in Honolulu.
In 2024, Mazie Hirono won the election for Senator in Hawaii.
The next phase of Honolulu's Skyline rail line is expected to open in October 2025.
The final phase of the Skyline rail line in Honolulu is projected to open in 2031.
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