Sony Group Corporation is a Japanese multinational conglomerate based in Tokyo. It operates through diverse segments, including electronics, semiconductors, entertainment (music, pictures, and games), interactive entertainment, and financial services. Sony Corporation handles the electronics business. Other key subsidiaries are Sony Semiconductor Solutions, Sony Entertainment (overseeing music and pictures businesses), Sony Interactive Entertainment (PlayStation), and Sony Financial Group. Sony is known for its innovative consumer electronics, entertainment content, and gaming hardware.
On May 7, 1946, Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita established Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo (Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation), which later became Sony.
In 1946, Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo K.K. was founded by Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita, marking the beginning of what would become Sony Corporation.
According to Schiffer, Sony's TR-63 radio "cracked open the U.S. market and launched the new industry of consumer microelectronics" in 1955.
In 1955, the first Sony-branded product, the TR-55 transistor radio, was released.
In January 1958, the company officially changed its name to Sony.
In 1958, the company adopted the name Sony Corporation, transitioning from its original name, Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo K.K.
In 1959, Sony produced the TV8-301, the world's first all-transistor television.
In 1960, Sony co-founder Akio Morita established Sony Corporation of America.
Since 1961, Sony has been listed on the New York Stock Exchange via American depositary receipts.
By the end of 1968, American teens had begun buying portable transistor radios in huge numbers, helping to propel the fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units in 1955 to 5 million units.
In 1968, Sony introduced the Trinitron brand name for its aperture grille cathode-ray tube televisions and computer monitors.
In 1971, Masaru Ibuka handed the position of president over to his co-founder Akio Morita.
In 1971, Sony introduced U-matic, the world's first videocassette format, but the standard was unpopular for domestic use due to the high price.
In 1975, Sony launched the Betamax format, a system for video cassette recorders.
In 1976, Sony started holding an Environmental Conference to address their effects on global warming, the environment, and resources.
In 1977, Sony demonstrated an optical digital audio disc, marking an early step in the development of CD technology.
In 1979, Sony began a life insurance company, one of its many peripheral businesses.
In 1979, Sony released the Walkman, the world's first portable music player, which included MDL-3L2 headphones, revolutionizing music listening habits.
In 1981, Sony demonstrated a prototype of the Sony Mavica.
In 1983, Sony and Philips jointly announced the Compact Disc (CD), establishing a worldwide standard for optical digital audio storage.
In 1983, Sony introduced 90 mm micro diskettes, better known as 3.5-inch floppy disks, which became the dominant format, replacing 5.25" floppy disks.
In 1984, Sony launched the Discman series, which expanded the Walkman brand to portable CD players.
In 1985, Sony launched their Handycam products and the Video8 format, which became popular in the consumer camcorder market.
In 1986, Sony launched write-once optical discs (WO), with a size of around 125MB for archival data storage.
In 1987 Sony launched the 4 mm DAT or Digital Audio Tape as a new digital audio tape standard.
As early as 1988, Nintendo and Sony began a joint project to create a CD-ROM version of the Super Famicom.
In 1988, Norio Ohga purchased CBS Records, expanding Sony's media presence.
In 1988, Sony expanded beyond electronics by acquiring Columbia Records, marking its entry into the music industry.
In 1988, Sony launched magneto-optical discs, which were around 125MB in size, for archival data storage.
In 1988, Sony released the Sony Mavica for the consumer market.
In 1989, Norio Ohga purchased Columbia Pictures, greatly expanding Sony's media presence.
As late as March 1991, Nintendo denied the existence of the Sony deal to create a CD-ROM version of the Super Famicom.
At the Consumer Electronics Show in June 1991, Sony revealed a Super Famicom with a built-in CD-ROM drive, named the "Play Station". However, Nintendo broke its partnership with Sony a day later.
In 1991, Sony established Sony Music Entertainment. The acquisition of CBS Records provided the foundation for this.
Negotiations between Nintendo and Sony officially ended in May 1992, with Nintendo offering Sony a "non-gaming role" in their new partnership with Philips, which was rejected.
In June 1992, Sony President Ohga decided to retain the PlayStation project after Kutaragi reminded him of the humiliation suffered from Nintendo. However, Kutaragi and his team were shifted to Sony Music due to strong opposition.
Sony introduced the MiniDisc format in 1992 as an alternative to Philips DCC or Digital Compact Cassette and as a successor to the Compact Cassette.
In 1993, Sony introduced SDDS (Sony Dynamic Digital Sound), a proprietary motion picture digital audio format with eight channels (7.1) of audio, challenging the Dolby Digital 5.1 standard. SDDS was developed for theatrical use and ultimately overshadowed by DTS and Dolby Digital.
In 1994, Akio Morita retired as chairman of Sony, after overseeing the company's growth into a global brand known for consumer electronics innovation.
In 1994, Sony entered the home video game console market with the launch of the PlayStation.
In 1995, Sony merged its publisher with Michael Jackson's ATV Music Publishing, forming Sony/ATV Music Publishing. At the time, it was the second largest publishing company globally.
In 1995, Sony's Sony Music Entertainment Japan (SMEJ) division established Aniplex as its subsidiary managing creative productions, marking Sony's entry into the anime business.
In 1996, Sony introduced the first Cyber-shot camera.
Sony held a patent for its proprietary Trinitron until 1996.
In 1997, the DVD format, a unified disc format based on Toshiba's Super Density Disc (SD), was introduced after Philips and Sony abandoned their MultiMedia Compact Disc (MMCD) format.
In 1998, Sony launched the Memory Stick format, flash memory cards used in Sony's digital cameras and portable music players. The format saw little support outside of Sony products.
Between 1999 and 2002, Sony, Fuji and Maxell engaged in fixing professional videotape prices through regular meetings and other illegal contracts. This led to an investigation in 2002 by the European Commission, which culminated in a fine in 2007.
In 1999, Sony introduced its first portable digital audio players. One used Memory Stick flash storage, while the other was a pen-sized player with embedded flash storage, both using Sony's OpenMG copyright protection.
In August 2000, Sony Pictures Entertainment U.S. senior vice president Steve Heckler stated that "The industry will take whatever steps it needs to protect itself and protect its revenue streams ...". Sony then worked on a DRM system that works like a rootkit in order to enforce its copyright claims upon users of music CDs.
In September 2000, Sony had a market capitalization of $100 billion.
In 2000, Sony faced criticism after a document entitled "NGO Strategy" was leaked to the press. The document revealed the company's surveillance of environmental activists in an attempt to counter their movements.
During the year 2001 prior to the investigation Sony sold professional videotapes for a total of €115 million inside the EU.
In March 2002, Sony had net worth of $17.9 billion.
In 2002, the European Commission launched an investigation against Sony, Fuji and Maxell, that culminated in 2007, for fixing professional videotape prices between 1999 and 2002 through regular meetings and other illegal contracts.
In 2004, Sony built upon the MiniDisc format by releasing Hi-MD, which allows the playback and recording of audio on newly introduced 1 GB Hi-MD discs in addition to playback and recording on regular MiniDiscs.
In 2004, Sony entered into a joint venture with Bertelsmann AG, merging Sony Music Entertainment with Bertelsmann Music Group to create Sony BMG.
In 2004, Sony introduced the Triluminos Display, the company's proprietary color reproduction enhancing technology, featured in the world's first LED-backlit LCD televisions.
Until late 2004, Sony's Network Walkman line of digital portable music players did not support the MP3 standard natively.
By 2005, Sony's market share of the digital camera market fell from a high of 20% to 9%.
In 2005, Howard Stringer replaced Nobuyuki Idei as chief executive officer, marking the first time that a foreigner had run a major Japanese electronics firm.
In 2005, Sony BMG faced a copy protection scandal due to malware installed on music CDs, posing a security risk to customers.
In 2005, Sony discontinued its series of Trinitron computer monitors.
In FY 2005, Sony Financial Group proved to be the most profitable of Sony's businesses, earning $1.7 billion in profit.
In the summer of 2005, Sony introduced the BRAVIA name for its LCD TVs, replacing the LCD WEGA name.
In 2006, Sony entered the market for digital single-lens reflex cameras after acquiring the camera business of Konica Minolta. Sony rebranded the company's line of cameras as its Alpha line.
In 2006, Sony lost its decades-long No.1 market share in the global television market.
In 2006, the first Blu-ray players became commercially available. Sony was one of the leading developers of the Blu-ray optical disc format.
In June 2007, Sony ranked 14th on the Greenpeace guide.
In November 2007, Sony released the Sony XEL-1, the first OLED television.
In 2007, Sony acquired Famous Music for US$370 million, gaining the rights to the catalogues of Eminem and Akon, among others.
In 2007, an investigation launched in 2002 by the European Commission culminated in Sony, Fuji and Maxell receiving a total of 110 million US dollar fine for fixing professional videotape prices between 1999 and 2002 through regular meetings and other illegal contracts.
In early 2007, Sony discontinued the last Trinitron-based television set in the U.S., marking the end of Sony's analog television sets and monitors.
On 9 December 2008, Sony announced that it would be cutting 8,000 jobs, dropping 8,000 contractors and reducing its global manufacturing sites by 10% to save $1.1 billion per year.
In 2008, Sony bought out Bertelsmann's share in Sony BMG and formed a new Sony Music Entertainment.
In 2008, Sony purchased digital music recognition company Gracenote for US$260 million.
In July 2009, Sony and Sharp executed a joint venture agreement for the establishment and operation of Sharp Display Products Corporation.
In 2009, Sony introduced a slogan known as "make.believe" in a bid to provide a unified brand for its global operations.
In 2009, Sony traded in overpriced ranges, with the exception of the 2009 market bottom.
On April 1, 2010, Sony released a patch for the PS3 that would remove OtherOS from being installed onto the system after hackers were looking for ways to exploit OtherOS in order to run homebrew software.
In 2010, Sony decided to discontinue the 3.5" floppy disk format, holding over 70 percent of the market share at the time.
On January 12, 2011, Sony filed lawsuits against geohot and fail0verflow for their efforts on exploiting the PS3.
In April 2011, Sony and Sharp announced that they have agreed to further amend the joint venture agreement originally executed in July 2009.
In November 2011, Sony was ranked ninth (jointly with Panasonic) in Greenpeace's Guide to Greener Electronics, scoring 3.6/10. It incurred a penalty point for comments against energy efficiency standards in California and risks another for membership in trade associations opposing these standards.
By December 2011, Sony's market capitalization had plunged to $18 billion.
In December 2011, Sony agreed to sell all stake in an LCD joint venture with Samsung Electronics (S-LCD) for about $940 million.
In 2011, Sony faced financial difficulty due to the Great Recession, increased competition for PlayStation, and the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. The company faced three consecutive years of losses leading up to 2011.
On March 28, 2012, Sony and Sharp announced that they have agreed to further amend the joint venture agreement originally executed in July 2009.
In April 2012, Sony announced it would reduce its workforce by 10,000 (6% of its employee base) as part of CEO Kaz Hirai's effort to get the company back into profitability, after a loss of 520 billion yen (roughly US$6.36 billion) for fiscal 2012.
In May 2012, Sony's market capitalization was valued at about $15 billion.
As of 2012, Sony was the third-largest maker of televisions in the world, and the business unit had been unprofitable for eight consecutive years.
In 2012, Kazuo Hirai was promoted to president and CEO, replacing Stringer.
In 2012, Sony/ATV acquired a majority stake in EMI Music Publishing, becoming the world's largest music publishing company.
In 2012, the company revealed a prototype of an ultrafine RGB LED display, which it calls the Crystal LED Display.
In January 2013, Sony announced it was selling its US headquarters building for $1.1 billion to a consortium led by The Chetrit Group.
700 jobs will be cut in the 2012–2013 fiscal year and the remaining 300 in the following fiscal year.
In 2013, Sony demonstrated the first 4K OLED television.
In 2013, Sony released a new line of televisions with an improved version of the Triluminos technology, which incorporated quantum dots in the backlight system. It was the first commercial use of quantum dots.
On 28 January 2014, Moody's Investors Services dropped Sony's credit rating to Ba1—"judged to have speculative elements and a significant credit risk"—saying that the company's "profitability is likely to remain weak and volatile."
In February 2014, Sony announced the sale of its Vaio PC division to a new corporation owned by investment fund Japan Industrial Partners and the spinning off its TV division into its own corporation.
On 6 February 2014, Sony announced it would trim as many as 5,000 jobs as it attempts to sell its PC business and focus on mobile and tablets.
In May 2014, Sony announced it was forming two joint ventures with Shanghai Oriental Pearl Group to manufacture and market Sony's PlayStation game consoles and associated software in China.
In 2014, Sony South Africa closed its TV, Hi-Fi and camera divisions with the purpose of reconsidering its local distribution model.
In 2014, Sony participated within NRG Energy eVgo Ready for Electric Vehicle (REV) program, for EV charging parking lots.
In 2014, Tribune Media Company acquired Gracenote from Sony for $170 million.
In 2015, Sony introduced LDAC, a proprietary audio coding technology for streaming high-resolution audio over Bluetooth at up to 990 kbit/s. This was then contributed as part of the Android Open Source Project starting from Android 8.0.
In 2015, Sony invested $842,000 in ZMP INC., leading to speculation about developing self-driving cars.
In 2015, Sony purchased Toshiba's image sensor business.
In December 2016, it was reported that Sony was considering restructuring its U.S. operations by merging its TV & film business, Sony Pictures Entertainment, with its gaming business, Sony Interactive Entertainment.
In 2016, Sony announced it was stopping production of all remaining 1/2-inch video tape recorders and players, including the Digital Betacam format.
In 2016, Sony decided to sell its lithium-ion battery business to Murata Manufacturing.
Since 2016, Sony owns all of Sony/ATV.
According to one report, Sony was set to make a final decision on the possibility of the merger of the TV, film, & gaming businesses by the end of its fiscal year in March of 2017.
In 2017, Aniplex and U.S.-headquartered Sony Pictures co-own U.S.-based anime distribution company Crunchyroll, which since 2022, has become the successor company to Funimation, which it acquired in 2017 and included subsidiaries such as Wakanim (absorbing into Crunchyroll itself) and Madman Anime (to be rebranded as Crunchyroll Pty. Ltd.)
In 2017, Sony launched OLED televisions under the BRAVIA brand.
In 2017, Sony returned to South Africa, facilitated by Premium Brand Distributors (Pty) Ltd.
In 2017, Sony sold its lithium-ion battery business to Murata Manufacturing.
In May 2018, Greenpeace's 2017 Guide to Greener Electronics rated Sony approximately in the middle among electronics manufacturers with a grade of D+.
In November 2018, Sony posted its earning report for the second quarter showing it has lost about US$480 million in the mobile phone division, prompting another round of downsizing in the unit, including the closure of a manufacturing plant and halving of its workforce.
In 2018, Sony bought the remaining shares in Sony/ATV Music Publishing, making it a wholly owned subsidiary.
On September 17, 2019, the Japan Audio Society (JAS) certified Sony's LDAC with their Hi-Res Audio Wireless certification. At that time, LDAC and LHDC were the only codecs with the Hi-Res Audio Wireless certification.
In 2019, Sony launched ELTRES, the company's proprietary low-power wide-area wireless communication (LPWAN) standard.
In 2019, Sony merged its mobile, TV, and camera businesses.
In 2019, Sony was ranked 13th in the world for the number of patent applications published under the PCT System, with 1,566 applications.
In January 2020, Sony unveiled a concept electric car at the Consumer Electronics Show, named Vision-S, designed in collaboration with Magna International. At the occasion, Sony also stated its goal of developing technology for the automotive sector.
On April 1, 2020, Sony Electronics Corporation was established as an intermediate holding company to own and oversee its electronics and IT solutions businesses.
On May 19, 2020, the company announced that it would change its name to Sony Group Corporation as of April 1, 2021.
In December 2020, Funimation announced it would buy AT&T's animation business Crunchyroll for $1.175 billion.
As of 2020, Sony is organized into the following business segments: Game & Network Services (G&NS), Music, Pictures, Electronics Products & Solutions (EP&S), Imaging & Sensing Solutions (I&SS), Financial Services, and Others.
In 2020, Sony published 1,793 patent applications under the PCT System.
Together with Philips, Sony receives the highest score for energy policy advocacy after calling on the EU to adopt an unconditional 30% reduction target for greenhouse gas emissions by 2020.
On 19 May 2020, the company announced that it would change its name to Sony Group Corporation as of 1 April 2021.
On April 1, 2021, Sony Corporation changed the name of Sony Electronics Corporation to Sony Corporation.
On April 1, 2021, Sony Corporation was renamed Sony Group Corporation. On the same day, Sony Mobile Communications Inc. absorbed Sony Electronics Corporation, Sony Imaging Products & Solutions Inc., and Sony Home Entertainment & Sound Products Inc. and changed its trade name to Sony Corporation.
In August 2021, the acquisition of Crunchyroll by Funimation was completed.
As of 2021, Sony ranked 88th on the Fortune Global 500 list.
In 2021, Sony's was ranked ninth in the world for the number of patent applications published under the PCT System.
In 2021, the company was renamed Sony Group Corporation as it transitioned into a holding company structure, with its electronics business continuing under the name Sony Corporation.
In 2022, Crunchyroll has become the successor company to Funimation.
In 2022, Sony Group and Honda launched a joint venture for their electric vehicle partnership, Sony Honda Mobility (SHM).
As of 31 March 2023, the largest shareholders of Sony are as follows:
In December 2023, Sony announced that it will remove the Discovery app and its content, even if previously paid for, from its gaming consoles.
In 2023, Sony ranked 57th on the Forbes Global 2000 list.
In 2023, the Sony Honda Mobility (SHM) joint venture announced their new "Afeela" brand and its first prototype model at the CES 2023.
As of January 2024, Sony, one of the largest Japanese companies by market capitalization and operating profit, was valued at over $112 billion. It was also recognized as the most cash-rich Japanese company, with net cash reserves of ¥1.8 trillion.
In February 2024, Sony Pictures Home Entertainment Corporation of Japan agreed with Disney to handle the release of Disney products on DVD and Blu-ray on a licensing model. Sony will market, sell, and distribute new Disney releases and catalog films on DVD, Blu-ray, and 4K Ultra DVD through Canadian and American retailers and distributors.
Sony Honda Mobility (SHM), the joint venture, would deliver its first electric vehicles by 2026 and sell them online, starting in the United States and Japan.
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