Stocks represent fractional ownership of a corporation, granting shareholders a proportional claim to earnings, assets upon liquidation, and voting rights. The extent of these rights, however, can vary depending on the class of stock, as some classes may have limited or enhanced privileges compared to others.
Driven by speculative investment in internet companies, the tech bubble reached its peak in 2000, with valuations often exceeding rational fundamental values.
The dot-com bubble burst, resulting in a market downturn that continued until 2002, as investors realized the unsustainable nature of many tech company valuations.