History of The Guardian in Timeline

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper founded in 1821 as The Manchester Guardian, rebranding and relocating to London in 1959. It is part of the Guardian Media Group, owned by the Scott Trust Limited. The trust, established in 1936 and converted into a limited company in 2008, ensures the newspaper's financial and editorial independence, safeguarding its journalistic freedom and liberal values. Profits are reinvested in its journalism. The Guardian is recognized as a newspaper of record in the UK.

1907: C. P. Scott became owner

In 1907, C. P. Scott became the owner of the newspaper, buying it from the estate of Taylor's son, and shifted the editorial line to be more radical.

1911: Publication of Travels in Wicklow, West Kerry and Connemara

In 1911, The Guardian published articles and drawings by J. M. Synge and Jack Yeats documenting the social conditions of the west of Ireland in the collection Travels in Wicklow, West Kerry and Connemara.

August 1930: Newspapers preserved in zinc cases

In August 1930, a special archival copy of all the daily newspapers was preserved in 700 zinc cases. The first case was opened in 1988 and found to contain newspapers in pristine condition.

June 1936: Ownership passed to the Scott Trust

In June 1936, ownership of The Manchester Guardian passed to the Scott Trust, ensuring the paper's independence.

1936: Support during the Spanish Civil War

From 1936 to 1939, during the Spanish Civil War, The Manchester Guardian, traditionally affiliated with the Liberal Party, earned respect from the left for supporting the Republican government.

1936: Establishment of The Scott Trust

In 1936, The Scott Trust, a charitable foundation, was established to ensure The Guardian's editorial independence and financial health.

1938: Praise from George Orwell

In 1938, George Orwell praised The Manchester Guardian's honesty in his book Homage to Catalonia.

Homage to Catalonia
Homage to Catalonia

1939: Support during the Spanish Civil War

From 1936 to 1939, during the Spanish Civil War, The Manchester Guardian, traditionally affiliated with the Liberal Party, earned respect from the left for supporting the Republican government.

1948: Support for the State of Israel

In 1948, The Manchester Guardian was a supporter of the new State of Israel.

1951: Closure of the Anglican Church Newspaper, The Guardian

In 1951, following the closure of the Anglican Church Newspaper, The Guardian, the paper dropped "Manchester" from its title.

1951: Encouraged readers to vote Conservative

In the 1951 general election, The Manchester Guardian encouraged readers to vote Conservative and remove Clement Attlee's Labour government, due to the editor's dislike of Aneurin Bevan.

October 1952: Printing news on the front page

In October 1952, The Guardian began printing news on the front page, replacing the advertisements that had previously occupied that space.

1956: Opposition to the Suez Crisis

In 1956, The Manchester Guardian strongly opposed military intervention during the Suez Crisis, calling the Anglo-French ultimatum to Egypt an act of folly.

August 1959: Name change to The Guardian

On 24 August 1959, The Manchester Guardian changed its name to The Guardian.

1959: Title change

In 1959, The Guardian dropped "Manchester" from its title, becoming simply The Guardian.

1959: Name change to The Guardian

In 1959, The Manchester Guardian changed its name to The Guardian, followed by a move to London.

September 1961: London printing and first female news editor

In September 1961, The Guardian began printing in London and appointed Nesta Roberts as its first news editor, the first woman in such a role on a British national newspaper.

1961: Printing Moved from Manchester

Until 1961 the newspaper was printed in Manchester. Prints sent to London by train were the early, more error-prone, prints which may have contributed to this image as well.

1963: John Cole Appointed News Editor

In 1963, John Cole was appointed news editor by Alastair Hetherington, and he sharpened the paper's comparatively "amateurish" setup.

1964: Moved to London

In 1964, The Guardian moved to London, losing some of its regional agenda but continuing to be heavily subsidized by sales of the Manchester Evening News.

1965: Guardian Fiction Award running since 1965

The Guardian Fiction Award has run since 1965.

1967: Newspapers preserved in zinc cases

From 1930 to 1967, a special archival copy of all the daily newspapers was preserved in 700 zinc cases.

1967: Guardian Children's Fiction Prize Founded

In 1967, the Guardian Children's Fiction Prize was founded.

January 1972: Coverage of Bloody Sunday

On 30 January 1972, The Guardian reported on Bloody Sunday, where British troops opened fire on a civil rights march in Northern Ireland, resulting in fourteen deaths. The newspaper criticized both the organizers of the demonstration and the army's actions.

April 1972: Support for the Widgery Tribunal

On 20 April 1972, The Guardian published an article supporting the Widgery Tribunal's findings on Bloody Sunday and argued that "Widgery's report is not one-sided".

1980: Israeli Knesset designates Jerusalem as capital

In 1980, the Israeli Knesset enacted a law designating the city of Jerusalem, including East Jerusalem, as the country's capital.

1981: Leader Writers Join SDP

In 1981, three of The Guardian's four leader writers joined the more centrist Social Democratic Party on its foundation.

1983: Controversy over leaked cruise missile documents

In 1983, The Guardian was involved in a controversy over leaked documents regarding cruise missiles, leading to the imprisonment of civil servant Sarah Tisdall after the paper complied with a court order to hand over the documents.

February 1988: Significant redesign

On 12 February 1988, The Guardian underwent a significant redesign, improving the quality of its printers' ink and changing its masthead to a juxtaposition of an italic Garamond "The" with a bold Helvetica "Guardian".

1988: Discovery of the archived newspapers

In 1988, the archived newspapers from 1930 to 1967, preserved in zinc cases, were discovered at the University of Manchester's John Rylands University Library.

1988: New masthead

The Guardian's previous masthead was its first since 1988.

1992: Relaunched features section as G2

In 1992, The Guardian relaunched its features section as G2, a tabloid-format supplement that was widely copied by other 'quality' broadsheets.

June 1993: Bought The Observer

In June 1993, The Guardian bought The Observer from Lonrho, gaining a Sunday sister newspaper with similar political views.

1994: Richard Gott identified as "agent of influence"

In 1994, KGB defector Oleg Gordievsky identified Guardian literary editor Richard Gott as "an agent of influence", leading to Gott's resignation.

1995: Libel suit by Jonathan Aitken

In 1995, Jonathan Aitken sued The Guardian and Granada Television for libel over allegations that Mohamed Al Fayed paid for Aitken's stay at the Hôtel Ritz in Paris.

1995: Intervention to Save Mail & Guardian

In 1995, The Guardian and its parent groups intervened to save the Mail & Guardian in South Africa.

1997: Evidence against Aitken

In 1997, The Guardian produced evidence that Jonathan Aitken's claim about his wife paying for the hotel stay was untrue.

May 1998: Exposure of fabrication in The Connection documentary

In May 1998, a series of Guardian investigations exposed the wholesale fabrication of the ITV documentary The Connection, produced by Carlton Television.

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June 1998: Revelation of further fabrications in Carlton documentary

Later in June 1998, The Guardian revealed further fabrications in another Carlton documentary from the same director as The Connection.

1998: Support for NATO intervention in Kosovo

In 1998, The Guardian supported NATO's military intervention in the Kosovo War, stating that military force was the only honourable course.

1998: National Newspaper of the Year

In 1998, The Guardian was awarded the National Newspaper of the Year by the British Press Awards.

1999: Jailing of Jonathan Aitken

In 1999, Jonathan Aitken was jailed for perjury and perverting the course of justice following The Guardian's exposure of his false claims.

1999: The Guardian First Book Award established

In 1999, The Guardian First Book Award was established as a successor to the Guardian Fiction Award.

1999: Support for NATO intervention in Kosovo

In 1999, The Guardian continued to support NATO's military intervention in the Kosovo War.

1999: Guardian Student Media Awards Founded

In 1999, the annual Guardian Student Media Awards were founded, recognizing excellence in journalism and design of British university and college student newspapers, magazines and websites.

June 2000: MORI Poll Results

A MORI poll taken between April and June 2000 showed that 80 per cent of Guardian readers were Labour Party voters.

2000: Archive Extent

In 2000, the current extent of the archives available for The Guardian was 1821 to 2000 and for The Observer was 1791 to 2000.

2000: Eppy Award for guardian.co.uk

In 2000, the guardian.co.uk website won an Eppy award from Editor & Publisher magazine for the best-designed newspaper online service.

2000: Favoured abolition of the British monarchy

Since an editorial in 2000, The Guardian has favored the abolition of the British monarchy.

September 2001: Front Page of the Year

In September 2001, The Guardian won Front Page of the Year for "A declaration of war" (12 September 2001).

2002: Sale of Mail & Guardian Shares

In 2002, Guardian Media Group (GMG) sold the majority of its shares of the Mail & Guardian in South Africa.

2002: The Newsroom Opened

In 2002, The Guardian and its sister newspaper The Observer opened The Newsroom, an archive and visitor centre in London.

2002: The Guardian defends criticism of Israeli government

In 2002, The Guardian published an editorial condemning antisemitism and defending its right to criticize Israeli government policies, arguing that such criticism should not be viewed as anti-Jewish.

2002: Front Page of the Year

In 2002, The Guardian won Front Page of the Year for "A declaration of war".

January 2003: Observer Editorial on Iraq

On 19 January 2003, an Observer Editorial voiced support for potential military intervention in the Middle East.

December 2003: Julie Burchill leaves The Guardian

In December 2003, columnist Julie Burchill cited "striking bias against the state of Israel" as a reason for leaving The Guardian for The Times.

2003: Archive Extent

In 2003, The Guardian and The Observer archives will eventually run up to 2003.

2003: The Guardian starts film production company GuardianFilms

In 2003, The Guardian started the film production company GuardianFilms, headed by journalist Maggie O'Kane, producing documentaries for television, including Salam Pax's Baghdad Blogger.

2003: Annual Social, Ethical and Environmental Audit

Since 2003, The Guardian is the only British national daily to conduct an annual social, ethical, and environmental audit, examined by an independent auditor.

July 2004: Guardian Soulmates Launched

In July 2004, The Guardian launched Guardian Soulmates, a dating website.

August 2004: "Operation Clark County" letter-writing campaign

In August 2004, The Guardian launched "Operation Clark County," a letter-writing campaign targeting undecided voters in Ohio for the US presidential election to encourage them to vote against George W. Bush.

October 2004: Charlie Brooker's controversial column

In October 2004, The Guardian published a humorous column by Charlie Brooker that some interpreted as inciting violence against U.S. President George W. Bush, leading to controversy and an apology from Brooker and the newspaper.

October 2004: Campaign scrapped after backlash

On 21st October 2004, The Guardian ended "Operation Clark County" after receiving overwhelmingly negative responses, and some commentators believed the campaign contributed to Bush's victory in Clark County.

December 2004: Comparison in sales

In December 2005, The Guardian's average daily sale stood at 380,693, nearly 6% higher than the figure for December 2004.

2004: Amnesty International Media Award

In 2004, GuardianFilms received an Amnesty International Media Award.

2004: Announced plans to change to a Berliner format

In 2004, The Guardian announced plans to change to a Berliner or "midi" format.

2004: Centre-left newspaper

In 2004, The Guardian's features editor, Ian Katz, stated that the newspaper was a centre-left publication.

2004: Paul Foot Award Established

In memory of Paul Foot, who died in 2004, The Guardian and Private Eye jointly set up the Paul Foot Award, with an annual £10,000 prize fund, for investigative or campaigning journalism.

July 2005: Publication of article by Hizb ut-Tahrir member

In July 2005, following the London bombings, The Guardian published an article by Dilpazier Aslam, a member of Hizb ut-Tahrir. The newspaper terminated his employment when he refused to resign from the Islamist group.

September 2005: Comprehensive redesign

On Friday, 9 September 2005, The Guardian unveiled its newly designed front page, which debuted on Monday, 12 September 2005. The redesign included a new masthead and a custom typeface family.

September 2005: Launch of new format

On Thursday, 1 September 2005, The Guardian announced that it would launch the new Berliner format on Monday 12 September 2005.

December 2005: Increase in sales

In December 2005, The Guardian's average daily sale stood at 380,693, nearly 6% higher than the figure for December 2004.

2005: MORI Poll Results

According to a MORI poll taken in 2005, 48 per cent of Guardian readers were Labour voters and 34 per cent Liberal Democrat voters.

2005: Awards for GuardianFilms

In 2005, GuardianFilms received an Amnesty International Media Award, and The Baghdad Blogger: Salam Pax won a Royal Television Society Award.

2005: Growing influence

In 2005, Max Hastings acknowledged The Guardian's growing influence, stating that he writes for the publication because it is read by the 'new establishment'.

2005: The Guardian enters podcasting

In 2005, The Guardian entered podcasting with a twelve-part weekly podcast series by Ricky Gervais.

2005: Awards in 2005

In 2005, The Guardian was awarded the National Newspaper of the Year by the British Press Awards and co-winner of the World's Best-designed Newspaper by the Society for News Design.

2005: Operating Losses

In 2005, the National Newspaper division of GMG reported operating losses of £18.6 million.

2005: Webby Award for guardian.co.uk

In 2005, the guardian.co.uk website won the Best Newspaper category at the Webby Awards, beating The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, and Variety.

January 2006: Ricky Gervais' podcast tops iTunes chart

In January 2006, Ricky Gervais' twelve-part weekly podcast series topped the iTunes podcast chart with two million listeners worldwide, and was scheduled to be listed in the 2007 Guinness Book of Records as the most downloaded podcast.

January 2006: The Observer changed to new format

On 8 January 2006, The Observer, The Guardian's sister Sunday newspaper, also changed to the new Berliner format.

2006: The Côte d'Ivoire toxic waste dump scandal

In 2006, the Côte d'Ivoire toxic waste dump scandal took place, which would later lead to legal action and settlement involving Trafigura.

2006: Operating Losses

In 2006, the National Newspaper division of GMG reported operating losses of £49.9 million.

2006: Award for best-designed newspaper

In 2006, the US-based Society for News Design chose The Guardian and Polish daily Rzeczpospolita as the world's best-designed newspapers.

2006: Webby Award for guardian.co.uk

In 2006, the guardian.co.uk website won the Best Newspaper category at the Webby Awards for the second year running.

November 2007: Archives available over the internet

In November 2007, The Guardian and The Observer made their archives available over the internet via DigitalArchive.

2007: Side Businesses Sold

Between 2007 and 2014, The Guardian Media Group sold all their side businesses, of regional papers and online portals for classifieds, and consolidated into The Guardian as sole product.

2007: Emmy Award for Baghdad: A Doctor's Story

In 2007, Baghdad: A Doctor's Story won an Emmy Award for Best International Current Affairs film.

2007: Guardian Abroad website launch

In 2007, Guardian Abroad, a website for expatriates, was launched linked to the Guardian Weekly.

2007: The Bourne Ultimatum film depiction

In 2007, Paddy Considine played a fictional Guardian journalist in the film The Bourne Ultimatum.

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2007: Podcast to be listed in Guinness Book of Records

In 2007, Ricky Gervais' podcast was scheduled to be listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the most downloaded podcast.

2007: Launch of Guardian America

In 2007, The Guardian launched Guardian America, hiring Michael Tomasky to lead the project and create content relevant to an American audience.

2007: World's Best-designed Newspaper

In 2007, The Guardian was co-winner of the World's Best-designed Newspaper as awarded by the Society for News Design.

2007: Transparency ranking

In 2007, The Guardian was ranked first in a study on transparency that analysed 25 mainstream English-language media vehicles, scoring 3.8 out of 4.0.

2007: Webby Award for guardian.co.uk

In 2007, the guardian.co.uk website won the Best Newspaper category at the Webby Awards for the third year running.

October 2008: Transfer of Scott Trust Assets

At the beginning of October 2008, the Scott Trust's assets were transferred to The Scott Trust Limited, a new limited company, with the intention that the original trust would be wound up.

2008: Editorial contributors

In 2008, Guardian columnist Jackie Ashley described the editorial contributors as a mix of various political leanings and affirmed the newspaper's left-of-center and progressive stance, emphasizing that the paper's position would be determined by internal debate, not external influence during the next general election.

2008: Awards for GuardianFilms

In 2008, Sean Smith's Inside the Surge won the Royal Television Society award for best international news film, The Guardian's Katine website was awarded for its outstanding new media output at the One World Media awards, and GuardianFilms' undercover video report revealing vote rigging by Robert Mugabe's ZANU–PF party during the 2007 Zimbabwe election won best news programme of the year at the Broadcast Awards.

2008: The Newsroom Transferred to Kings Place

In 2008, The Newsroom's activities were transferred to Kings Place.

2008: Conversion to a limited company

In 2008, the Scott Trust was converted into a limited company, with a constitution designed to maintain the same protections for The Guardian.

February 2009: Tomasky steps down as editor of Guardian America

In February 2009, Michael Tomasky stepped down as editor of Guardian America, retaining a position as a columnist and blogger.

September 2009: Settlement in the 2006 Côte d'Ivoire toxic waste dump scandal

In September 2009, Trafigura settled a class action case related to the 2006 Côte d'Ivoire toxic waste dump scandal after The Guardian published internal emails. A gagging order obtained by Trafigura was quickly withdrawn after pressure on Twitter.

October 2009: Guardian America Abandoned

In October 2009, Guardian America, the American version of the British news website Guardian Unlimited intended to win more U.S.-based readers, was abandoned.

October 2009: Reporting restrictions on parliamentary matter

In October 2009, The Guardian reported it was forbidden from reporting on a parliamentary matter due to legal obstacles involving proceedings on behalf of a secret client, potentially conflicting with free speech guaranteed by the 1689 Bill of Rights.

2009: Printing press complications

Before The Guardian's move to the Berliner format, no printing presses in Britain could produce newspapers in that format. There were additional complications as one of the paper's presses was part-owned by Telegraph Newspapers and Express Newspapers, contracted to use the plant until 2009.

2009: Tax investigation into major UK companies

In 2009, The Guardian initiated a tax investigation into major UK companies and published a database of the tax paid by FTSE 100 companies. Internal documents related to Barclays Bank's tax avoidance were removed following a gagging order.

2009: iOS mobile application launch

In 2009, The Guardian launched an iOS mobile application for its content.

March 2010: Sale of Regional Media Division

In March 2010, Guardian Media Group sold its Regional Media division to Trinity Mirror, including the Manchester Evening News, to safeguard The Guardian's future.

2010: Fidel Narváez at Ecuadorian embassy

In 2010, Fidel Narváez started working at Ecuador's embassy in London.

2010: National Newspaper of the Year

In 2010, The Guardian was awarded the National Newspaper of the Year by the British Press Awards.

2010: Support for the Liberal Democrats

In the lead-up to the 2010 general election, The Guardian declared its support for the Liberal Democrats, particularly due to their stance on electoral reform and suggested tactical voting to prevent a Conservative victory.

February 2011: Opinion on slavery in the US Civil War

In February 2011, Martin Kettle wrote in The Guardian that the paper had always hated slavery but doubted the Union hated it to the same degree, criticizing Lincoln's emancipation proclamation.

February 2011: Closure of talkboards

On Friday, 25 February 2011, The Guardian closed its talkboards following a libel action after months of harassment of a conservative party activist.

March 2011: Media self-censorship

In March 2011, Assistant Editor Michael White discussed media self-censorship, noting a liberal, middle-class reluctance to pursue stories about immigration, welfare fraud, or the habits of the working class, while finding it easier to target toffs, religious figures, and certain political entities.

April 2011: Fifth most popular newspaper site

In April 2011, MediaWeek reported that The Guardian was the fifth most popular newspaper site in the world.

June 2011: Focus on Online Edition

In June 2011, Guardian News and Media revealed increased annual losses of £33 million and announced a focus on its online edition, with speculation about becoming fully online.

June 2011: Controversy over Josh Treviño's appointment

In June 2011, Josh Treviño's appointment as a commentator for The Guardian sparked controversy due to a past tweet about the second Gaza flotilla, leading to an apology in his first blog post.

September 2011: Launch of Guardian US

In September 2011, The Guardian US launched, replacing Guardian America, with Janine Gibson as editor-in-chief.

November 2011: Readers' editor addresses language concerns

In November 2011, The Guardian's readers' editor, Chris Elliott, acknowledged complaints about the language used when writing about Jews or Israel and emphasized the need for vigilance and revisions of anti-Semitic language.

2011: News International phone-hacking scandal

In 2011, The Guardian played a key role in revealing the News International phone-hacking scandal, including the hacking of Milly Dowler's phone, leading to the closure of the News of the World.

2011: Android app followed

In 2011, The Guardian released an Android app following the iOS mobile app.

2011: US edition founded

In 2011, the US edition of The Guardian was founded.

January 2012: Drop in circulation

In January 2012, The Guardian experienced an 11.25% drop in circulation.

June 2012: Financial Losses and Survival Questioned

For the three years leading up to June 2012, The Guardian lost £100,000 a day, prompting Intelligent Life to question its survival.

December 2012: Drop in circulation

By December 2012, The Guardian's circulation had dropped to 204,222.

2012: Guardian Abroad taken offline

By 2012, Guardian Abroad, a website for expatriates, had been taken offline.

2012: Controversy over Tel Aviv and Jerusalem as capitals of Israel

In 2012, The Guardian faced a complaint after initially calling Jerusalem Israel's capital, then apologizing and stating Tel Aviv was the capital, before ultimately clarifying that while Israel designates Jerusalem as its capital, this is not internationally recognized, and Tel Aviv is the country's financial and diplomatic center.

March 2013: Average daily circulation

In March 2013, the average daily circulation of The Guardian had fallen to 193,586 copies.

May 2013: Most popular UK newspaper website

As of May 2013, The Guardian's website was the most popular UK newspaper website with 8.2 million unique visitors per month.

June 2013: Revelation of Verizon telephone records and PRISM

In June 2013, The Guardian broke the news about the Obama administration's secret collection of Verizon telephone records and revealed the existence of the surveillance program PRISM, based on leaks from Edward Snowden.

June 2013: Revelations of Verizon telephone records and PRISM surveillance program

In June 2013, The Guardian broke the news of the secret collection of Verizon telephone records and revealed the existence of the PRISM surveillance program, based on leaks from Edward Snowden. The paper received a DSMA-Notice attempting to censor coverage of surveillance tactics.

August 2013: Thinkfluencer webshow launch

In August 2013, a webshow titled Thinkfluencer was launched by Guardian Multimedia in association with Arte.

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2013: Alleged Manafort Meeting with Assange

In 2013, Paul Manafort allegedly held a secret meeting with Julian Assange inside the Ecuadorian embassy in London, according to anonymous sources cited in a Guardian article.

2013: Launch of Australian digital edition

In 2013, The Guardian launched an Australian digital edition.

2013: Awards in 2013

In 2013, The Guardian was awarded the National Newspaper of the Year by the British Press Awards and co-winner of the World's Best-designed Newspaper by the Society for News Design.

2013: Support for Hugo Chávez

In 2013, The Guardian's Latin America correspondent, Rory Carroll, stated in an interview that many editors at The Guardian believed they should support Hugo Chávez as a standard-bearer for the left.

2013: The Fifth Estate film depiction

In 2013, employees of The Guardian were depicted in the film The Fifth Estate.

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2013: Australian edition founded

In 2013, the Australian edition of The Guardian was founded.

June 2014: Pulitzer Prize for Public Service

In June 2014, The Guardian US won an American Pulitzer Prize for Public Service for its coverage of the Snowden documents. Earlier, the British government ordered the destruction of hard drives containing the information to suppress reporting on US and British government surveillance.

July 2014: Capital Stock after Sales

By July 2014, The Guardian Media Group acquired a capital stock of £838.3 million following the sale of side businesses, intended to guarantee the independence of The Guardian.

August 2014: Publication of pro-Israeli advocacy advert

In August 2014, during the Israel–Gaza conflict, The Guardian published a pro-Israeli advocacy advertisement featuring Elie Wiesel, which led to internal debate and acknowledgment that the newspaper should have rejected the language used.

2014: Pulitzer Prize

In 2014, The Guardian US and The Washington Post shared the Pulitzer Prize for public service reporting for their coverage of the NSA's and GCHQ's worldwide electronic surveillance program and the document leaks by whistleblower Edward Snowden.

2014: Launch of Membership Scheme

In 2014, The Guardian launched a membership scheme with tiered monthly subscriptions to reduce financial losses without a paywall.

2014: World's Best-designed Newspaper

In 2014, The Guardian was co-winner of the World's Best-designed Newspaper as awarded by the Society for News Design.

2014: Newspaper of the Year at the British Press Awards

In 2014, The Guardian was named "newspaper of the year" at the British Press Awards for its reporting on government surveillance.

June 2015: Lee Glendinning appointed head of Guardian US

In June 2015, Lee Glendinning succeeded Katharine Viner as the head of the American operation of The Guardian US.

2015: Support for the Labour Party

At the 2015 general election, The Guardian switched its support to the Labour Party, arguing that Britain needed a new direction and Labour spoke with more urgency on issues like social justice and international development.

2015: Katharine Viner became editor-in-chief

In 2015, Katharine Viner succeeded Alan Rusbridger as the editor-in-chief of The Guardian.

2015: Alleged Manafort Meeting with Assange

In 2015, Paul Manafort allegedly held a secret meeting with Julian Assange inside the Ecuadorian embassy in London, according to anonymous sources cited in a Guardian article.

2015: Launch of "International" digital edition

In 2015, The Guardian launched an "International" digital edition.

2015: Supported Yvette Cooper

In 2015, during the Labour Party leadership election, The Guardian supported Blairite candidate Yvette Cooper and criticized left-winger Jeremy Corbyn.

January 2016: Staff and Cost Cuts Announced

In January 2016, The Guardian announced a plan to cut 20% of staff and costs within three years due to greater-than-predicted financial losses.

December 2016: Continued decline in circulation

In December 2016, The Guardian's circulation continued to decline, standing at 161,091, which was a 2.98% year-on-year decrease.

2016: Alleged Manafort Meeting with Assange

In 2016, Paul Manafort allegedly held a secret meeting with Julian Assange inside the Ecuadorian embassy in London, according to anonymous sources cited in a Guardian article.

2016: Footballer of the Year Award Began

In 2016, The Guardian began awarding an annual Footballer of the Year award, given to a footballer regardless of gender "who has done something truly remarkable, whether by overcoming adversity, helping others or setting a sporting example by acting with exceptional honesty."

2016: Endorsed remaining in the EU

In 2016, The Guardian endorsed remaining in the EU for the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum.

2016: Establishment of Philanthropic Arm

In 2016, The Guardian established a U.S.-based philanthropic arm to raise money for specific issues.

2016: Investigation into the Panama Papers

In 2016, The Guardian led an investigation into the Panama Papers, exposing David Cameron's links to offshore bank accounts.

2016: Removal of Joseph Mayton's Articles

In 2016, The Guardian removed 13 articles by freelance journalist Joseph Mayton due to fabricated information and apologized to readers.

2016: Snowden film depiction

In 2016, employees of The Guardian were depicted in the film Snowden.

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January 2017: WhatsApp Backdoor Story

In January 2017, The Guardian published a story claiming WhatsApp had a backdoor for snooping on messages, leading to criticism from cryptographers.

June 2017: Relaunch in tabloid format

In June 2017, Guardian Media Group (GMG) announced that The Guardian and The Observer would relaunch in tabloid format from early 2018.

June 2017: Amendment of WhatsApp Article

In June 2017, The Guardian amended its January article on WhatsApp, removing references to a backdoor after flawed reporting was detailed.

October 2017: Most trusted print edition in the UK

The Guardian's print edition was the most trusted in the UK in the period from October 2017 to September 2018, according to a December 2018 report.

2017: Endorsed the Labour Party

Despite generally critical coverage, The Guardian endorsed the Labour Party in the 2017 general election while Jeremy Corbyn was the leader.

2017: SEAL Environmental Journalism Awards

In 2017, Damian Carrington and George Monbiot received SEAL Environmental Journalism Awards for GUARDIAN environmental reporting.

2017: News and Media Operations Loss

In 2017, The Guardian's news and media operations had a loss of £38.9 million.

January 2018: Launch date for the new format

The Guardian confirmed the launch date for the new tabloid format to be 15 January 2018. GMG also signed a contract with Trinity Mirror to outsource printing of The Guardian and The Observer.

April 2018: Increased number of subscriptions

An assessment of the response from readers in late April 2018 indicated that the new format had led to an increased number of subscriptions, and editors were working on aspects that had caused complaints.

April 2018: Digital Revenue Surpasses 50%

The Guardian Media Group's 2018 annual report (year ending 1 April 2018) indicated that digital editions accounted for over 50% of group revenues.

July 2018: Departure of Fidel Narváez

In July 2018, Fidel Narváez, Ecuador's London consul who had worked at Ecuador's embassy in London since 2010, departed.

July 2018: Masthead adjusted

In July 2018, the masthead of the new tabloid format was adjusted to a dark blue color.

September 2018: High trust score for digital content

In September 2018, an Ipsos MORI research poll found that The Guardian scored highest for digital-content news, with 84% of readers trusting what they see in it.

November 2018: Manafort's Secret Meetings with Assange

In November 2018, The Guardian published an article claiming Paul Manafort held secret meetings with Julian Assange in the Ecuadorian embassy in London. Both Manafort and Assange denied the meeting, with Assange threatening legal action.

November 2018: Launch of 'Today in Focus' Podcast

On 1 November 2018, The Guardian launched 'Today in Focus', a daily news podcast hosted by Anushka Asthana. It quickly became one of the UK's most-downloaded podcasts.

December 2018: Most trusted print edition in the UK

A December 2018 report stated that The Guardian's print edition was found to be the most trusted in the UK from October 2017 to September 2018.

2018: Membership Scheme Success

As of 2018, The Guardian's membership scheme was considered successful, bringing in more than 1 million subscriptions or donations.

2018: SEAL Environmental Journalism Awards

In 2018, Damian Carrington and Johnathan Watts received SEAL Environmental Journalism Awards for GUARDIAN environmental reporting.

2018: Redesign of apps and mobile website

In 2018, The Guardian announced its apps and mobile website would be redesigned to coincide with its relaunch as a tabloid.

2018: The 100 Best Female Footballers in the World co-produced

Since 2018, The Guardian has co-produced the female equivalent to The Guardian 100 Best Footballers in the World, named The 100 Best Female Footballers in the World.

2018: Publication in tabloid format

Since 2018, the main newsprint sections of The Guardian have been published in tabloid format.

April 2019: Target to Break Even

By April 2019, The Guardian hoped to break even with its membership scheme.

2019: Breakeven Point Achieved

For the year 2018-2019, the Guardian Media Group reported a profit (EBITDA) of £0.8 million before exceptional items, thus breaking even in 2019.

2019: Criticism for betraying source

In 2019, John Pilger criticized the editor of The Guardian for betraying Sarah Tisdall in 1983 by choosing not to go to prison to protect a source.

2019: SEAL Environmental Journalism Awards

In 2019, Johnathan Watts and Fiona Harvey received SEAL Environmental Journalism Awards for GUARDIAN environmental reporting.

2019: Official Secrets film depiction

In 2019, employees of The Guardian were depicted in the film Official Secrets.

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2019: Reduce losses and break even

In 2019, part of a three-year plan to reduce losses and break even was the outsourcing of printing, and cutting 300 jobs.

2019: Invited readers to vote for pro-EU candidates

In the 2019 European election, The Guardian invited its readers to vote for pro-EU candidates, without endorsing specific parties.

2019: Endorsed the Labour Party

In the 2019 general election, The Guardian again endorsed the Labour Party under Jeremy Corbyn's leadership, though it also suggested voting for other opposition parties in certain seats.

2019: The Guardian Breaks Even

Until 2019, The Guardian was consistently loss-making. It broke even in 2019.

March 2020: Ban on Fossil Fuel Funding

As of March 2020, The Guardian claims to be the first major global news organization to ban taking money from companies that extract fossil fuels.

July 2020: Guardian Soulmates Closed

On July 2020, Guardian Soulmates, the dating website launched by The Guardian in 2004, was closed down due to the changed online dating landscape with numerous free and quick dating apps.

2020: SEAL Environmental Journalism Award

In 2020, Fiona Harvey received a SEAL Environmental Journalism Award for GUARDIAN environmental reporting.

2020: Accusations of Racism and Misogyny

In 2020, The Guardian faced accusations of being "racist and misogynistic" after publishing a cartoon depicting Priti Patel as a cow, sparking controversy.

January 2021: Spanish Language Publication

In January 2021, The Guardian began publishing in the Spanish language under the La Lista newspaper.

July 2021: Number of online readers had drastically dropped

By July 2021, the number of online readers of The Guardian had drastically dropped.

July 2021: Circulation

In July 2021, The Guardian's circulation was 105,134, and later that year, the publishers stopped making circulation data public.

July 2021: Daily circulation of print edition

As of July 2021, the print edition of The Guardian had a daily circulation of 105,134.

May 2022: The Guardian launches .onion version on Tor network

In May 2022, The Guardian launched an .onion version of its website on the Tor network, with assistance from Alec Muffett.

October 2022: Braverman's Comments in Parliament

In October 2022, Suella Braverman blamed "Guardian-reading, tofu-eating wokerati" for disruptive Just Stop Oil protests, speaking in Parliament.

December 2022: Cyber-attack on The Guardian

In December 2022, The Guardian experienced a significant cyber-attack on its office systems, suspected to be ransomware, leading staff to work from home.

2022: SEAL Environmental Journalism Award

In 2022, Richa Syal received a SEAL Environmental Journalism Award for GUARDIAN environmental reporting.

January 2023: Security Breach Notification

On 4 January 2023, The Guardian's UK staff were informed of a security breach, and the Information Commissioner's Office was notified. On 11 January, the newspaper confirmed that personal details of UK staff had been accessed by criminals.

March 2023: Links to the Atlantic slave trade

In March 2023, an academic review found that John Edward Taylor and nine of his backers had links to the Atlantic slave trade through their interests in Manchester's textile industry.

September 2023: Launch of European digital edition

In September 2023, The Guardian launched a European digital edition to become "even more European", hiring ten journalists and four columnists.

October 2023: The Guardian does not renew Steve Bell's contract

In October 2023, The Guardian decided not to renew Steve Bell's contract after he submitted a cartoon of Netanyahu that was viewed as antisemitic. The cartoon depicted Netanyahu with a scalpel over a dotted shape of the Gaza Strip.

November 2023: 'Cyprus Confidential' Report Publication

In November 2023, The Guardian joined a consortium to produce the 'Cyprus Confidential' report, investigating the financial network supporting Vladimir Putin's regime, with findings prompting calls for reforms and probes.

November 2024: The Guardian stops posting on X

In November 2024, The Guardian announced that it would no longer post content on X (formerly Twitter), citing misinformation and racism on the platform after Donald Trump was elected as US president for the second time.