Tel Aviv, officially Tel Aviv-Yafo, is the most populous city in the Gush Dan metropolitan area of Israel. Situated on the Mediterranean coast, its population is approximately 494,900. It serves as Israel's economic and technological center, and a prominent global high-tech hub. Tel Aviv is either the most or second-most populous city in Israel, depending on the status of East Jerusalem.
In 1902, Tel Aviv was the Hebrew title given to Theodor Herzl's novel Altneuland by Nahum Sokolow.
In 1902, Theodor Herzl's novel Altneuland ("Old New Land") was published, which Nahum Sokolow translated into Hebrew, using the name Tel Aviv as the title.
In 1904, the neighborhood of Ohel Moshe was established outside Jaffa, later joining the Tel Aviv municipality.
In 1905, the first Hebrew high school, called Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium, was established in Jaffa.
1906 - Akiva Arieh Weiss
In 1906, the Ahuzat Bayit society was formed to establish a Hebrew urban center.
In 1906, the Herzliya Hebrew High School was founded in Jaffa.
In 1906, the neighborhood of Kerem HaTeimanim was established outside Jaffa, later joining the Tel Aviv municipality.
The Maccabi Tel Aviv Sports Club was founded in 1906 and competes in more than 10 sport fields.
On April 11, 1909, 66 Jewish families gathered to parcel out land by lottery, marking the official establishment of Tel Aviv.
On July 28, 1909, the cornerstone for the Herzliya Hebrew High School building was laid.
Although founded in 1909 as a small settlement, Tel Aviv was envisioned as a future city from the start.
In 1909, Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium moved to Tel Aviv after its founding.
The Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium moved from Jaffa to old Tel Aviv in 1909.
On May 21, 1910, the name Tel Aviv was officially adopted for the town.
In 1910, the name Tel Aviv was chosen for the city, embracing the idea of a renaissance in the ancient Jewish homeland.
By 1914, Tel Aviv had grown to more than 1 km (247 acres).
In 1915, a census of Tel Aviv was conducted, recording a population 2,679.
The highest recorded temperature in Tel Aviv was 46.5 °C (115.7 °F) on 17 May 1916.
In April 1917, Ottoman authorities expelled the residents of Jaffa and Tel Aviv.
From 1917, Tel Aviv fell under the Occupied Enemy Territory Administration.
In late 1917, Tel Aviv was conquered by the British imperial army.
In 1919, several prominent Olim from Odessa arrived in Tel Aviv on the Ruslan ship, contributing to the city's growing artistic scene.
From 1920, Tel Aviv was part of Mandatory Palestine.
In 1920 some of the Olim who arrived in Tel Aviv a year earlier set up the HaTomer art cooperative as well as opened the first modern art exhibition in Israel.
In 1920, the Tel Aviv Beit Hadar railway station was opened as part of the Jaffa–Jerusalem railway.
On May 1, 1921, the Jaffa riots resulted in numerous deaths and injuries, leading many Jews to leave Jaffa for Tel Aviv.
In 1921, Tel Aviv received township status within the Jaffa Municipality.
According to a census conducted in 1922, Tel Aviv had a population of 15,185.
In 1923, Tel Aviv was the first town to be wired to electricity in Palestine, and the opening ceremony of the Jaffa Electric Company powerhouse on June 10, 1923, celebrated the lighting of the two main streets of Tel Aviv.
Hapoel Tel Aviv Sports Club, comprising more than 11 sports clubs, was founded in 1923.
In 1924, the Pagoda House (Beit HaPagoda), designed by Alexander Levy, was built, exemplifying the eclectic Orientalist architectural style.
By 1925, the population of Tel Aviv had increased to around 34,000.
David Bloch began his two-year term as the shortest-serving mayor in 1925.
Following the return of Isaac Frenkel Frenel from Paris and his opening of the Histadrut art studio in 1925, Tel Aviv grew to supplement Jerusalem in its cultural importance in the visual arts.
In 1925, Patrick Geddes drew up the Geddes Plan for Tel Aviv, a master plan based on Ebenezer Howard's garden city movement.
In 1926, the country's first shopping arcade, Passage Pensak, was built in Tel Aviv.
In 1927, David Bloch completed his two year term as the shortest-serving mayor.
Ben Gurion House was built in 1930 as part of a new workers' housing development.
Around 1931, construction of Modernist-style buildings inspired by the Bauhaus school and Le Corbusier began in Tel Aviv, continuing until 1939.
In 1931, Jewish cultural life was given a boost by the establishment of the Ohel Theatre and Habima Theatre making Tel Aviv its permanent base.
The 1931 census recorded Tel Aviv as having a population of 46,101.
The Tel Aviv Museum of Art was established in 1932 in Meir Dizengoff's house.
In 1934, Tel Aviv became independent from Jaffa.
In 1934, Tel Aviv was granted the status of an independent municipality separate from Jaffa.
In 1935, the Tel Aviv Rowing Club was established on the banks of the Yarkon River, becoming the largest rowing club in Israel.
By 1936, Tel Aviv was already the largest city in Palestine.
Friction during the 1936 Arab revolt led to the opening of Tel Aviv Port.
By 1937, the Jewish population of Tel Aviv had risen to 150,000.
In 1938, the Tel Aviv Port opened as a local Jewish port, independent of Jaffa. Lydda Airport and Sde Dov Airport also opened between 1937 and 1938.
Around 1939, construction of Modernist-style buildings inspired by the Bauhaus school and Le Corbusier continued in Tel Aviv, since 1931, 3,000 buildings were created in this style.
By 1939, the Jewish population of Tel Aviv rose to 160,000, which was over a third of Palestine's total Jewish population.
On September 9, 1940, Tel Aviv was hit by Italian airstrikes, resulting in 137 deaths.
In 1945, Jaffa's population consisted of 101,580 people. 53,930 Muslims, 30,820 Jews and 16,800 Christians.
In 1945, Tel Aviv's population was listed as 166,660, consisting mostly of Jews.
In March 1947, Tel Aviv was placed under martial law by British authorities for 15 days as forces scoured the city for militants.
Following the 1947 Palestine war, Tel Aviv began annexing parts of Jaffa.
After Israel declared Independence on 14 May 1948, Tel Aviv became the temporary government center. During the Israeli War of Independence, the city was bombed by Egyptian warplanes and shelled by warships, resulting in approximately 150 deaths.
In May 1948, after months of fighting during the Civil War, Jaffa came under Israeli control, leading to a significant portion of the Arab population leaving the area amidst the broader regional conflict.
On 3 June 1948, the Israeli Air Force achieved its first aerial victory over Tel Aviv when pilot Modi Alon shot down two Egyptian bombers.
On 10 December 1948, the government announced the annexation to Tel Aviv of Jaffa's Jewish suburbs, the Palestinian neighborhood of Abu Kabir, the Arab village of Salama and some of its agricultural land, and the Jewish Hatikva Quarter.
In 1948, Tel Aviv became part of British-administered Mandatory Palestine until 1948.
In 1948, the Israeli Declaration of Independence was proclaimed in Tel Aviv.
The Jaffa railway station, which served as the terminus for the Jaffa–Jerusalem railway, closed in 1948.
On 25 February 1949, the former Arab village of al-Shaykh Muwannis was incorporated into Tel Aviv.
On 18 May 1949, Manshiya and part of Jaffa's central zone were added to Tel Aviv, including land that had been in the Arab portion of the UN partition plan.
The Israeli government voted on the unification of Tel Aviv and Jaffa on 4 October 1949, but the decision was not implemented until April 1950.
In December 1949, the Israeli government relocated to Jerusalem, though most embassies remained in or near Tel Aviv due to the international dispute over Jerusalem's status.
Following the 1949 Palestine war, Tel Aviv began annexing parts of Jaffa.
On 7 February 1950, the lowest temperature of −1.9 °C (28.6 °F) was recorded in Tel Aviv, along with the only recorded snowfall during a cold wave.
In April 1950, Tel Aviv fully unified with Jaffa under the name Tel Aviv.
On 24 April 1950, the unification of Tel Aviv and Jaffa was implemented.
In August 1950, the unified city was formally renamed to Tel Aviv-Yafo.
Plácido Domingo was house tenor at the Israeli Opera in Tel Aviv between 1962 and 1965.
On October 25, 1965, Tel Aviv Port closed.
In 1965, the Shalom Meir Tower was completed, becoming Israel's tallest building until 1999.
In 1965, the Shalom Meir Tower, Israel's first skyscraper, was built in Tel Aviv. It was the tallest building in the Middle East at the time.
Plácido Domingo was house tenor at the Israeli Opera in Tel Aviv until 1965, since 1962.
In 1970, the Tel Aviv South railway station was opened to replace Beit Hadar.
The Tel Aviv Museum of Art which was established in Meir Dizengoff's house in 1932, moved to a new larger location in 1971.
The Kiryat Atidim high tech zone opened in 1972.
In 1973, the Tel Aviv Cinematheque opened, later relocating to its current building in 1989.
In 1980, an article questioned "Is Tel Aviv Dying?", highlighting the city's perceived existential problems like residents leaving, businesses penetrating residential areas, and economic decline.
In the early 1980s, 13 embassies in Jerusalem moved to Tel Aviv as part of the UN's measures responding to Israel's 1980 Jerusalem Law.
By 1981, Tel Aviv had entered an absolute population decline.
In 1983, the Dizengoff Center, Israel's first shopping mall, was completed.
In 1983, the average age of Tel Aviv residents was 35.8, and the population over age 65 was 19%.
In 1987, the Marganit Tower was constructed.
In 1989, the Suzanne Dellal Center for Dance and Theater opened, and Tel Aviv acquired the nickname "Nonstop City" reflecting its vibrant nightlife.
Yael Arad, an athlete in Maccabi's judo club, won a silver medal in the 1992 Olympic Games.
In 1993, Tel Aviv was categorized as a world city.
In 1993, the Tel Aviv South railway station was closed.
On 19 October 1994, the first suicide attack in Tel Aviv occurred on the Line 5 bus, resulting in 22 civilian deaths and 50 injuries.
On 4 November 1995, Israel's Prime Minister, Yitzhak Rabin, was assassinated at a rally in Tel Aviv supporting the Oslo peace accord, leading to the renaming of Kikar Malchei Yisrael to Rabin Square.
On 6 March 1996, a Hamas suicide bomber killed 13 people (12 civilians and 1 soldier), many of them children, in the Dizengoff Center suicide bombing.
On 27 March 1997, three women were killed by a Hamas terrorist in the Café Apropo bombing.
In 1998, Tel Aviv was on the "verge of bankruptcy" due to a shrinking tax base and economic difficulties.
In 1998, the city was described by Newsweek as one of the 10 most technologically influential cities in the world.
Ron Huldai has been the mayor of Tel Aviv since 1998.
In 1999, the Shalom Meir Tower ceased to be Israel's tallest building.
Until 1999, the Shalom Meir Tower, built in 1965, remained the country's tallest building.
On 1 June 2001, a suicide bomber attacked the entrance to the Dolphinarium discothèque, resulting in 21 deaths, mostly teenagers, and 132 injuries.
In 2001, Baruch Yoscovitz became city planner for Tel Aviv and reworked plans for Florentin neighborhood.
In 2003, Tel Aviv's White City became a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
In 2003, Tel Aviv's White City was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
In 2003, efforts to preserve Modernist buildings in Tel Aviv were aided by UNESCO's recognition of the city's White City as a world heritage site.
On 25 February 2005, an Islamic Jihad bomber killed five and wounded over 50 in the Stage Club bombing.
In 2005, restoration work began on the Jaffa railway station to convert it into an entertainment and leisure venue marketed as "HaTachana".
On 17 April 2006, a suicide bombing near the old central bus station killed 11 people and wounded at least 70.
Eytan Fox's film The Bubble, about Tel Aviv's LGBT community, was released in 2006.
In 2006, 22,000 people moved to Tel Aviv, while only 18,500 left.
In 2006, 51,359 children attended school in Tel Aviv.
Tensions between religious and secular Jews before the 2006 gay pride parade ended in vandalism of a synagogue.
As of 2007 Ramat Aviv, a district in the northern part of the city that is largely made up of luxury apartments and includes Tel Aviv University, is undergoing extensive expansion and is set to absorb the beachfront property of Sde Dov Airport after its decommissioning.
Between 2007 and 2012, Tel Aviv's population growth averaged 6.29 percent.
In 2007, the Sadan Report recommended the introduction of a congestion charge similar to that of London in Tel Aviv as well as other Israeli cities.
Since 2007, Tel Aviv hosts its well-known, annual Open House Tel Aviv weekend, offering free entrance to landmarks, private houses, and public buildings.
In January 2008, Tel Aviv's municipality established the city's LGBT Community center.
In October 2008, Martin Weyl transformed an old garbage dump near Ben Gurion International Airport, called Hiriya, into an attraction by building an arc of plastic bottles. The site was renamed Ariel Sharon Park.
In December 2008, Tel Aviv began putting together a team of gay athletes for the 2009 World Outgames in Copenhagen.
As a result of population growth, 20 additional kindergarten classes were opened in 2008-09 in Tel Aviv.
In 2008, a center for secular Jewish studies and a secular yeshiva opened in Tel Aviv.
In 2008, the average age of residents fell to 34.
In early 2008, Habima Theatre, Israel's national theatre, closed down for renovations.
Since 2008, city lights in Tel Aviv are turned off annually in support of Earth Hour.
Tel Aviv hosted its annual half marathon in 2008, with 10,000 athletes participating from around the world.
In February 2009, Tel Aviv municipality launched a water saving campaign, including a competition for free parking.
According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), as of 2009 Tel Aviv's population was growing at an annual rate of 0.5 percent.
By 2009, plans called for expansion of bicycle paths to 100 km in Tel Aviv.
In 2009, Tel Aviv celebrated its official centennial.
In 2009, the Tel Aviv Marathon was revived after a fifteen-year hiatus, attracting over 18,000 runners.
In 2009, the restoration and conversion of the Jaffa railway station into the "HaTachana" entertainment venue was completed.
In December 2008, Tel Aviv began putting together a team of gay athletes for the 2009 World Outgames in Copenhagen.
The Tel Aviv Stock Exchange was higher on the last day of the 2009 Operation in Gaza than on the first day of fighting.
In 2010, Knight Frank's world city survey ranked Tel Aviv 34th globally.
In 2010, the Tel Aviv Municipality's Planning and Construction Committee launched a new master plan for the city for 2025, restricting skyscraper construction in the city center and increasing it in the east.
In 2010, the design of the renovated Tel Aviv Port (Nemal Tel Aviv) won the award for outstanding landscape architecture at the European Biennial for Landscape Architecture in Barcelona.
In April 2011, the Tel Aviv municipality launched Tel-O-Fun, a bicycle sharing system with 150 stations of bicycles for rent within the city limits.
On 29 August 2011, a Palestinian attacker stole an Israeli taxi cab and rammed it into a police checkpoint guarding the Haoman 17 nightclub, injuring eight people.
On September 21, 2011, construction began on the Red Line, the first line of the Tel Aviv Light Rail project, after years of preparatory works.
In November 2011, Habima Theatre, Israel's national theatre, reopened after major remodeling.
In 2011, Tel Aviv had an unemployment rate of 4.4 percent.
In 2011, Tel Aviv hosted its first fashion week since the 1980s, with Italian designer Roberto Cavalli as a guest of honor.
In 2011, Tel Aviv was named the third "hottest city for 2011" (behind only New York City and Tangier) by Lonely Planet.
On 21 November 2012, during Operation Pillar of Defense, Tel Aviv was targeted by rockets, and air raid sirens sounded for the first time since the Gulf War. All of the rockets either missed populated areas or were shot down by an Iron Dome defense battery. A bomb blast on a bus wounded at least 28 civilians.
In December 2012, Tel Aviv was ranked second on a list of top places to found a high tech startup company, just behind Silicon Valley.
By 2012, 28 percent of Tel Aviv's population was aged between 20 and 34 years old. By 2012 the city was running a budget surplus and maintained a credit rating of AAA+.
In 2013, Absolut Vodka introduced a specially designed bottle dedicated to Tel Aviv as part of its international cities series.
In 2013, Tel Aviv was ranked the second-most innovative city in the world.
In 2014, the Sarona Market Complex opened, following an 8-year renovation project of Sarona colony.
In 2014, the unemployment rate in Tel Aviv was 4.6%.
In 2016, Tel Aviv was ranked as an alpha- world city by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC).
In 2017, Ben Gurion International Airport handled over 20 million passengers.
In December 2018, construction began on the Purple Line of the Tel Aviv Light Rail.
In 2019, Sde Dov Airport was closed in favor of real-estate development, and all services were transferred to Ben Gurion Airport.
In 2019, the population was 89.9% Jewish, and 4.5% Arab; among Arabs, 82.8% were Muslim, 16.4% were Christian, and 0.8% were Druze.
The Eurovision Song Contest 2019 was held at Expo Tel Aviv, marking the first Israeli-hosted Eurovision held outside of Jerusalem.
By 2020, Tel Aviv had 140 kilometers of bicycle paths with plans to reach 300 km by 2025.
In 2021, Tel Aviv became the world's most expensive city to live in, according to the Economist Intelligence Unit.
In 2021, more than 300 rockets were fired towards the Tel Aviv Metropolitan area during the Israel–Palestine crisis.
In 2021, work began on the Green Line of the Tel Aviv Light Rail and is scheduled for completion in 2028.
In 2022, Tel Aviv was ranked 53rd in the Global Financial Centres Index.
In 2022, the Red Line was expected to be completed.
On August 18, 2023, the Red Line of the Tel Aviv Light Rail was finally opened after numerous delays.
As of 2023, 56% of the residents are going to work without using cars and the plan is to expand it to 70% by the end of the decade.
In 2023, the Tel Aviv Museum of Art was ranked 48th on The Art Magazine's list of the 100 most popular museums in the world.
In the 2024 municipal elections, Ron Huldai was reelected to a sixth term, becoming the city's longest-serving mayor.
By 2025, Tel Aviv plans to have 300 km of bicycle paths.
In 2010, the Tel Aviv Municipality's Planning and Construction Committee launched a new master plan for the city for 2025, restricting skyscraper construction in the city center and increasing it in the east.
In 2025, construction of the Tel Aviv Metro is expected to start.
Under a master plan for the city approved by the Tel Aviv District Planning and Building Committee in 2025, the city's population will grow to 600,000 by 2035.
In 2028, the Green Line of the Tel Aviv Light Rail is scheduled for completion.
It is expected that in 2030, the population of Tel Aviv will reach 535,000.
In 2032, the first public opening of the Tel Aviv Metro is scheduled.
Under a master plan for the city approved by the Tel Aviv District Planning and Building Committee in 2025, the city's population will grow to 600,000 by 2035.
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