The Eurovision Song Contest is an annual international song competition organized by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Participating broadcasters submit an original song representing their country, which is then performed and broadcast live across the Eurovision and Euroradio networks. Viewers and juries from each participating country vote for other countries' songs, and the entry with the most points is declared the winner.
In 1950, the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) was formed among 23 broadcasting organisations, setting the stage for future collaborative broadcasting initiatives.
In 1951, British journalist George Campey first used the word "Eurovision" in the Evening Standard to refer to a BBC programme relayed by Dutch television.
In 1951, the Italian Sanremo Music Festival was held in the Italian Riviera, serving as the inspiration and basis for the Eurovision Song Contest.
In 1953, the coronation of Elizabeth II was among the first events broadcast internationally via the Eurovision transmission network.
In January 1955, an EBU committee, headed by Marcel Bezençon, was formed to investigate new initiatives for cooperation between broadcasters, including a European song competition.
In October 1955, the EBU's general assembly agreed to organise the song contest, initially titled the European Grand Prix, with the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (SRG SSR) hosting the event.
From 1956, the orchestra was a prominent aspect of the contest.
In 1956, the Eurovision Song Contest was first held. This marked the beginning of the annual international music competition, making it the longest-running international music competition on television.
In 1956, the Italian Sanremo Music Festival, held since 1951, served as the basis for the initial planning of the Eurovision Song Contest, with several amendments for its international nature.
The only footage available of the 1956 contest is a Kinescope recording of Lys Assia's reprise of her winning song. Full recording of the contest does not exist, according to the EBU archives.
In 1957, a rule was introduced stating that national juries and the public in each country are not allowed to vote for their own country.
In 1957, the use of a scoreboard and public announcement of voting, inspired by the BBC's Festival of British Popular Songs, began in the Eurovision Song Contest.
Since 1957, each country's votes have been announced during a special voting segment as part of the contest's broadcast, with a selected spokesperson assigned to announce the results of their country's vote.
In 1958, the tradition began that the winning broadcaster hosts the following year's contest, which has since become a standard feature of the event.
Since 1958, the winning broadcaster traditionally hosts the following year's event, with some exceptions.
In 1959, Swedish Melodifestivalen was first established. It is now one of the most watched television shows in Sweden each year.
In 1961, "Nous les amoureux", the winning song for Luxembourg, contained references to the difficulties faced by a homosexual relationship.
In 1961, the Sopot International Song Festival, an international music competition, was first held.
No full recording of the 1964 contest is known to exist, with conflicting reports of the fate of any copies that may have survived, according to EBU archives.
Following criticism over the 1965 Swedish Eurovision entry being performed in English, a new language rule was introduced.
In 1965, the contest's tenth edition featured 18 participating countries, marking a significant increase from the original seven in 1956.
In 1965, when Italy hosted the contest, the Italian name Gran Premio Eurovisione della Canzone was used for the official logo.
In 1966, a new rule was introduced restricting Eurovision songs to be performed only in an official language of the country it represented.
In 1968, colour broadcasts of the Eurovision Song Contest began, marking a significant technological advancement in the presentation of the event.
In 1970, short video postcards were first introduced as an attempt to "bulk up" the Eurovision contest.
In 1971, for the first time, groups were permitted to compete in the Eurovision Song Contest.
In 1972, the OTI Festival, an Ibero-American contest, was first held by the Organización de Televisión Iberoamericana (OTI).
In 1972, the Spanish musical "En un mundo nuevo" was released, celebrating the contest.
In 1973, pre-recorded backing tracks were first allowed for competing acts, but any pre-recorded instruments were required to be seen being "performed" on stage.
In 1973, the language rule that restricted Eurovision songs to be performed only in an official language of the country it represented was first abolished.
In 1975, the "12 points" system was first introduced, marking a significant change in the voting process. Each country gave one set of points to their favorite songs.
In 1976, when the Netherlands hosted the contest, the Dutch name Eurovisiesongfestival was used for the official logo.
In 1977, the Sopot International Song Festival was rebranded as the Intervision Song Contest, under the patronage of the International Radio and Television Organisation (OIRT).
In 1978, Israel's first win proved controversial for Arab states broadcasting the contest, which typically cut to advertisements when Israel performed. Many broadcasters cut the feed before the end of the voting when it became apparent Israel would win.
In 1980, Johnny Logan won for Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest.
In 1980, the Intervision Song Contest was held for the last time under that name, as it was previously known as the Sopot International Song Festival.
In 1980, when the Netherlands hosted the contest, the Dutch name Eurovisiesongfestival was used for the official logo.
In the 1980 Eurovision Song Contest, both Germany's and Luxembourg's entry were co-written by Ralph Siegel.
In 1981, the EBU celebrated the Eurovision Song Contest's twenty-fifth anniversary with 'Songs of Europe'. This event included live performances and video recordings of all Eurovision Song Contest winners up to 1981.
In 1982, Ralph Siegel was involved in writing "Ein bißchen Frieden", the winning entry for Germany.
In 1984, the Organisation Générale des Amateurs de l'Eurovision (OGAE) was founded in Finland, becoming one of the oldest and largest Eurovision fan clubs.
In 1985, satellite broadcasts of the Eurovision Song Contest began, further expanding its reach and accessibility to international audiences.
In 1986, Sandra Kim won for Belgium at the age of 13, becoming the contest's youngest winner.
In 1987, Johnny Logan won for Ireland again in the Eurovision Song Contest.
In 1988, a computer graphics scoreboard was introduced, replacing the manually updated scoreboard used previously. It allowed for a more dynamic and automated display of the scores during the voting process.
By 1990, 22 countries were regularly competing in the Eurovision Song Contest each year.
Since 1990, all Eurovision contestants must be aged 16 or over on the day of the live show in which they perform.
In 1991, when Italy hosted the contest, the Italian name Concorso Eurovisione della Canzone was used for the official logo.
For the 1997 contest, a similar relegation system to that used between 1993 and 1995 was introduced, with each country's average scores in the preceding five contests being used as a measure to determine which countries would be relegated.
In 1993, Millstreet, Ireland, with a population of 1,500, remains the smallest hosting settlement for the Eurovision Song Contest, even though its Green Glens Arena could host up to 8,000 spectators.
In 1993, a pre-selection method was introduced to reduce the number of competing entries. Seven new countries from Central and Eastern Europe participated in Kvalifikacija za Millstreet, where Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Slovenia were chosen to head to the contest in Millstreet, Ireland.
In 1993, the EBU merged with its Eastern European counterpart, the International Radio and Television Organisation (OIRT), further expanding the number of broadcasters eligible to participate.
In 1993, the contest included a pre-qualifying round called Kvalifikacija za Millstreet for seven new countries, aiming to manage the increasing number of participants.
From 1994, relegation systems were introduced to manage the number of competing entries, with the poorest performing countries barred from entering the following year's contest.
In 1994, a new relegation system was introduced. The lowest-placed countries were forced to sit out the following year's event, being replaced by countries which had not competed in the previous contest.
In 1994, satellite links were employed for the first time, allowing the spokespersons to be seen visually by the audience and TV spectators during the voting announcements.
In 1994, the relegation system was used again for qualification for the 1995 contest. The lowest placed countries were forced to sit out the following year's event.
The Relegation system from 1994 was used for qualification to the 1995 contest. Then, a new system was introduced for the 1996 contest.
In 1996, an audio-only qualification round was held to appease Germany. Germany ultimately missed out on competing in the Oslo contest.
In 1996, the Eurovision Song Contest was briefly rebranded as Eurosong in English, but this was reverted the following year.
For the 1997 contest, a similar relegation system to that used between 1993 and 1995 was introduced, with each country's average scores in the preceding five contests being used as a measure to determine which countries would be relegated.
In 1997, Paul Oscar became the Eurovision Song Contest's first openly gay artist to compete, representing Iceland.
In 1997, all instrumental music was allowed to be pre-recorded, although the host country was still required to provide an orchestra.
In 1997, televoting was introduced to the contest on a trial basis. Broadcasters in five countries allowed the viewing public to determine their votes for the first time.
Since the introduction of televoting in 1997, there has been evidence of 'patriotic voting', where foreign nationals vote for their country of origin.
In 1998, Dana International's selection was met with objections and death threats from orthodox religious sections of Israeli society, and her accommodation was reportedly in the only hotel in Birmingham with bulletproof windows.
In 1998, Dana International, representing Israel, was the contest's first trans performer, and became the first LGBTQ artist to win the contest.
In 1998, televoting was extended to almost all competing countries following its trial in 1997.
Until 1998, the orchestra was a prominent aspect of the contest.
Ahead of the 1999 Eurovision contest, the language rule was once again abolished.
In 1999, the rules were changed again, making the orchestra an optional requirement; the host broadcaster of that year's contest, the Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA), decided not to provide an orchestra.
Since 1999, broadcasters who wished to do so were given the opportunity to provide advertising during short, non-essential hiatuses in the show's schedule.
In 2000, streaming of the Eurovision Song Contest began, enabling a broader online audience to view the event.
In 2000, the OTI Festival was held for the last time. This Ibero-American contest was organized by the Organización de Televisión Iberoamericana (OTI).
In 2001, the Parken Stadium in Copenhagen became the largest host venue for the Eurovision Song Contest, hosting almost 38,000 spectators.
In 2001, the contest reverted to the same relegation system used between 1993 and 1995, where only the results from that year's contest would count towards relegation.
Since 2001, Eurovision has been available online via the official Eurovision website, broadening its reach to a global audience.
In 2002, Sestre appeared for Slovenia.
In 2002, a unique slogan for each edition of the Eurovision Song Contest was introduced as an integral part of the visual identity.
An influx of new broadcasters applying for the 2003 contest resulted in the introduction of a semi-final from 2004.
From 2004, a semi-final was introduced, making the contest a two-day event. The 2004 contest saw a record 36 countries competing, with new entries from Albania, Andorra, Belarus, and Serbia and Montenegro and the return of previously relegated countries.
From 2004, televoting became mandatory for almost all competing countries.
From 2004, the contest expanded to become a multi-programme event, with a semi-final at the 49th contest allowing all interested countries to compete each year.
In 2004, the EBU introduced a generic logo for the Eurovision Song Contest to create a consistent visual identity, moving away from each edition having its own logo.
In 2004, the names of the contest were standardized, and the contest was rebranded, with the official name Eurovision Song Contest being preferred.
Since the introduction of the semi-final round in 2004, Luxembourg and Ukraine are the only countries outside of the "Big Five" to have qualified for the final of every contest they have competed in.
Since the introduction of the semi-finals in 2004, the 'Big Five' countries have automatically qualified for the final alongside the host country and have not been required to compete in the semi-finals.
Until 2004, the host broadcaster owned the copyright of the contest that they produced, with the EBU owning the copyright of all subsequent editions.
In 2005, 'Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest' was organized to celebrate the event's fiftieth anniversary. It featured a contest to determine the most popular song from among 14 selected entries from the contest's first 50 years.
In 2005, broadcasts in widescreen format began for the Eurovision Song Contest, enhancing the viewing experience.
In 2007, Marija Šerifović won the Eurovision Song Contest for Serbia, later publicly coming out as a lesbian in 2013.
In 2007, broadcasts in high-definition began, providing a higher quality viewing experience for the Eurovision Song Contest.
In 2007, criticism of the Eurovision voting system was at its highest, with Eastern European countries dominating the top 15 places, leading to calls for boycotts and discussions in European national parliaments.
In 2007, the Eurovision Dance Contest, an event featuring pairs of dancers performing ballroom and Latin dancing, took place for the first time.
From 2008, a second semi-final was added to each edition of the Eurovision Song Contest, further expanding the competition's structure.
In 2008, Eurovision in Concert, held annually in Amsterdam, held its first edition, becoming one of the first of the 'pre-parties'.
In 2008, a record 43 countries participated in a single Eurovision contest, a feat subsequently matched in 2011 and 2018.
In 2008, in response to criticism of the voting system, the EBU introduced a second semi-final, with countries split based on geographic proximity and voting history.
In 2008, the Eurovision Dance Contest took place for the second and final time, featuring pairs of dancers performing ballroom and Latin dancing.
Since 2008, each contest is typically formed of three live television shows held over one week: two semi-finals are held on the Tuesday and Thursday, followed by a final on the Saturday.
In 2009, Georgia's planned entry, "We Don't Wanna Put In", caused controversy due to lyrics perceived as criticism of Vladimir Putin. After the EBU's request for changes was refused, the Georgian Public Broadcaster withdrew from the event.
In 2009, a jury was reintroduced for the final. Each country's points comprised both the votes of the jury and the public in an equal split.
In 2010, the mix of jury and public voting was expanded into the semi-finals, building on its reintroduction in the final in 2009.
In 2011, Italy began competing again, expanding the 'Big Four' to the 'Big Five', who became the highest-paying EBU members that significantly fund the contest each year.
In 2011, Lena, who had won for Germany in 2010, competed again in Eurovision.
In 2011, a project was initiated to collate footage and related materials of all editions ahead of the event's 60th edition in 2015, led by the EBU.
In 2011, a record 43 countries participated in a single Eurovision contest, matching the previous record set in 2008 and later in 2018.
After 2012, Turkey had ceased participating due to consternation from other competing countries, and was cited, among other aspects, as a reason.
In 2012, the Eurovision Song Contest was hosted in Baku, Azerbaijan, at the Baku Crystal Hall, a venue that did not exist when Azerbaijan won the previous year.
In 2012, the latest Eurovision network logo was introduced, distinguishing it from the EBU logo. The accompanying theme tune is the Prelude (Marche en rondeau) to Marc-Antoine Charpentier's Te Deum.
In 2013, Eytan Fox's Israeli comedy "Cupcakes" was released, celebrating the Eurovision Song Contest.
In 2013, Krista Siegfrids' performance of "Marry Me" for Finland included a same-sex kiss with one of her female backing dancers.
In 2013, Marija Šerifović, who won for Serbia in 2007, publicly came out as a lesbian.
In 2013, Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu (TRT) from Turkey first pulled out of the contest, citing dissatisfaction in the voting rules; later, it cited LGBTQ performances as another reason for its continued boycott, refusing to broadcast the 2013 event over Finland's same sex kiss.
In 2013, the Eurovision Song Contest final introduced a "Flag Parade" during the opening act. This involved competing artists entering the stage behind their country's flag, similar to the Olympic Games opening ceremony.
In 2013, the Turkvision Song Contest, a contest for countries and autonomous regions with Turkic links, was first organized.
Since 2013, the order in which the competing countries perform has been determined by the contest's producers and submitted to the executive supervisor and reference group for approval.
In 2014, Conchita Wurst, the drag persona of openly gay Thomas Neuwirth, won the Eurovision Song Contest for Austria.
In 2014, Wurst won the contest.
In 2014, the Amsterdam-based Cityzen Agency revamped the Eurovision logo for the contest's 60th edition.
In 2015, Australia became the first country without an EBU active member broadcaster to compete in the Eurovision Song Contest. They were invited by the contest's reference group to mark the 60th edition, with the Australian EBU associate member Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) participating.
In 2015, the Eurovision Song Contest celebrated its 60th edition, following a project initiated in 2011 to collate footage of all editions.
In 2015, the sixtieth anniversary of the Eurovision Song Contest was marked by 'Eurovision Song Contest's Greatest Hits'. This concert featured performances by past Eurovision artists and video montages of performances and footage from previous contests.
In 2016, a similar system to the one introduced in 1975 was implemented. Two sets of points were awarded in both the semi-finals and the final. Each country was now awarding two sets of points.
In 2016, a tie-break procedure was introduced for countries finishing with the same number of points. The country with more points from public voting is placed higher.
In 2016, complaints were levied against the winning song for Ukraine, "1944", whose lyrics referenced the deportation of the Crimean Tatars. The Russian delegation claimed the song had a greater political meaning considering Russia's annexation of Crimea.
During the 2018 contest, China terminated broadcasting rights due to censorship of "abnormal sexual relationships and behaviours" that went against Chinese broadcasting guidelines.
In 2018, a record 43 countries participated in a single Eurovision contest, matching the previous records set in 2008 and 2011.
In 2018, the stage show of "Together" by Ryan O'Shaughnessy for Ireland had two male dancers portraying a same-sex relationship.
In 2019, openly bisexual performer Duncan Laurence won the Eurovision Song Contest for the Netherlands.
Since 2019, the public points have been revealed in ascending order based on the jury vote, with the country that received the fewest points from the jury being the first to receive their public points.
In May 2020, Martin Österdahl took over the role of executive supervisor of the Eurovision Song Contest from Jon Ola Sand.
Following the cancellation of the 2020 contest, the EBU organized a special non-competitive broadcast, 'Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light', which provided a showcase for the songs that would have taken part in the competition.
In 2020, Netflix's musical comedy, "Eurovision Song Contest: The Story of Fire Saga", produced with backing from the EBU and starring Will Ferrell and Rachel McAdams, was released.
In 2020, during the COVID-19 lockdowns, EurovisionAgain was launched, where fans watched and discussed past contests in sync on YouTube and other social media platforms, facilitating over £20,000 in donations for UK-based LGBTQ charities.
In 2020, the Eurovision Song Contest was cancelled due to COVID-19 restrictions. This was the first time the contest had been cancelled since its inception.
In 2020, the Eurovision Song Contest was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In its place, a special broadcast, Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light, was produced to honour the songs and artists that would have competed.
Since 2020, LGBTQ visibility in the contest has been cited as a deciding factor for the non-participation of Médiaszolgáltatás-támogató és Vagyonkezelő Alap (MTVA) from Hungary, although no official reason was given.
In 2021, Belarus was disqualified after its planned entry, "Ya nauchu tebya (I'll Teach You)", and another potential song were deemed to breach the contest's rules on neutrality and politicization, in the wake of demonstrations against disputed election results.
In 2021, Nikkie de Jager became the first trans person to host the Eurovision Song Contest.
In 2021, rock band Måneskin, featuring openly bisexual Victoria De Angelis, won the Eurovision Song Contest for Italy.
Since 2021, live backing vocals are not required and can be optionally pre-recorded for Eurovision entries.
In 2022, the American Song Contest, an adaptation of the Eurovision contest for artists in the United States, was held. It featured songs representing U.S. states and territories.
In 2022, ultra-high-definition was tested for the first time during the Eurovision Song Contest, exploring further enhancements in broadcast quality.
In October 2023, following the outbreak of the Gaza war, there were renewed calls for Israel's exclusion from the Eurovision Song Contest.
In 2023, "United by Music" served as the slogan for the Eurovision Song Contest.
In 2023, Loreen won for Sweden again in the Eurovision Song Contest, making her a two-time winner.
In 2023, full public voting was reintroduced to determine the results of the semi-finals, marking a shift from the mix of jury and public voting that had been in place since 2010.
In 2023, the United Kingdom hosted the Eurovision Song Contest on behalf of Ukraine. Traditionally, the previous host announces their jury points first and the current host announces last, but the UK went first as they were hosting on behalf of Ukraine.
In 2023, the most recent version of the positional voting system was implemented, where each country awards points to their ten favorite songs. Viewers in non-participating countries were also able to vote via an online platform, which were aggregated and awarded as one set of points from an "extra country" for the overall public vote.
As of 2024, broadcasters from 52 countries have participated at least once in the Eurovision Song Contest.
As of 2024, the 1996 contest in Oslo remains the only contest Germany has not participated in.
As of 2024, there have been 68 Eurovision contests, making it the longest-running annual international televised music competition as determined by Guinness World Records.
From 2024 onwards, the unique slogans were replaced by a permanent slogan, "United by Music", which had previously served as the slogan for the 2023 contest.
In 2024, Nemo, representing Switzerland, became the first non-binary winner of the Eurovision Song Contest.
Since 2024, the entries from the "Big Five" countries, along with the host country, have been performed live in one of the two semi-finals outside of the competition for qualification.
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