Blue is a primary color in both the RGB and RYB color models, situated on the visible light spectrum between violet and cyan, typically associated with wavelengths between 450 and 495 nanometers. It's observed in the daytime sky and deep sea due to Rayleigh scattering. The Tyndall effect explains blue eyes, while aerial perspective causes distant objects to appear more blue.
Around 1900 BC, Lapis lazuli was highly valued by the Indus Valley Civilisation.
Around 1900, about half of Americans were born with blue eyes.
Blue continued to be the colour of the field uniform of the US Army until 1902, and is still the colour of the dress uniform.
In 1911, Albert Einstein confirmed Rayleigh scattering. Rayleigh scattering describes how sunlight passes through the atmosphere, where the blue wavelengths are scattered more widely by the oxygen and nitrogen molecules, resulting in more blue light reaching our eyes.
Around 1950, a third of Americans were born with blue eyes.
In Denmark in 1978, only 8% of the population had brown eyes. However, due to immigration, today that number is about 11%.
In 1993, Shuji Nakamura of Nichia Corporation demonstrated high-brightness blue LEDs. Simultaneously, Isamu Akasaki and Hiroshi Amano of Nagoya University were working on related LED lighting development.
In 2006, Nakamura was awarded the Millennium Technology Prize for his invention.
In the United States, as of 2006, 1 out of every 6 people, or 16.6% of the total population, and 22.3% of the white population, have blue eyes.
In 2010, lasers emitting in the blue region of the spectrum became widely available to the public with the release of inexpensive high-powered 445–447 nm laser diode technology.
In 2014, Nakamura, Hiroshi Amano, and Isamu Akasaki were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their invention of the efficient blue LED.
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