History of Belarus in Timeline

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Belarus

Belarus is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania, and Latvia. It covers 207,600 square kilometers and has a population of around 9.1 million. Minsk is the capital and largest city. The country is divided into six regions and has a hemiboreal climate.

1905: Documents in Belarusian Permitted

In 1905, after the failed revolt of 1863, no documents in Belarusian were permitted by the Russian government until 1905.

1917: Confusion with White Russia Term

After the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, the term White Russia caused confusion as it was also the name of the military force that opposed the red Bolsheviks.

1917: Russian Revolution and Competing States

In 1917, after the Russian Revolution, various states emerged and competed for legitimacy during the Civil War, ultimately leading to the rise of the Byelorussian SSR.

March 1918: Belarus declared independence

On March 25, 1918, Belarus first declared independence under German occupation, forming the Belarusian People's Republic, during the negotiations of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

1918: Belarusian People's Republic Created

In 1918, the Belarusian People's Republic, the first attempt to create an independent Belarusian state under the name "Belarus", was established.

1918: Polish-Soviet War

In 1918, the Polish-Soviet War began, lasting until 1921, and resulting in Belarus losing almost half of its territory to Poland.

January 1919: Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia Declared

In January 1919, a part of Belarus under Bolshevik Russian control was declared the Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia (SSRB).

1919: Belarusian People's Republic Ceased to Exist

In 1919, the Belarusian People's Republic ceased to exist due to domination by various armies during and after World War I.

1919: Curzon Line Proposed

The borders of the Byelorussian SSR and Poland were redrawn, in accord with the 1919-proposed Curzon Line.

July 1920: Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic Created

In July 1920, the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR) was created.

1920: Republic of Central Lithuania Created

In 1920, the Republic of Central Lithuania was created following the staged rebellion of soldiers of the 1st Lithuanian–Belarusian Division of the Polish Army under Lucjan Żeligowski.

1921: End of Polish-Soviet War, Belarus loses territory

In 1921, the Polish-Soviet War ended, resulting in Belarus losing almost half of its territory to Poland.

1921: Division of Lands Between Poland and Soviet Union

In 1921, the contested lands were divided between Poland and the Soviet Union after the war ended.

January 1922: Republic of Central Lithuania Annexed to Poland

On January 8, 1922, after a disputed election, the territory of the Republic of Central Lithuania was annexed to Poland.

1922: Byelorussian SSR Founding Member of USSR

In 1922, the Byelorussian SSR became a founding member of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

1927: Belarusian Peasants' and Workers' Union Banned

In 1927, the Belarusian Peasants' and Workers' Union, a Belarusian organization, was banned in the Second Polish Republic, and opposition to the Polish government was met with state repressions.

1935: Repressions after Piłsudski's Death

In 1935, after the death of Piłsudski, a new wave of repressions was released upon the Belarusian minority, with many Orthodox churches and Belarusian schools being closed, and use of the Belarusian language was discouraged.

September 1939: Soviet Union Invades and Occupies Eastern Poland

In September 1939, the Soviet Union invaded and occupied eastern Poland, following the German invasion of Poland.

October 1939: Annexation of Western Belorussia

On October 28, 1939, the Soviet-controlled Byelorussian People's Council officially took control of the territories of Western Belorussia in Białystok.

1939: Soviet Occupation

In 1939, the Soviet Union occupied Polish-held territory in Belarus, leading to a period of exile for several poets and authors after the subsequent Nazi occupation.

1939: Modern Borders take shape

In 1939, the borders of Belarus began to take their modern shape, when some lands of the Second Polish Republic were reintegrated into it after the Soviet invasion of Poland.

1941: Nazi Germany Invades the Soviet Union

In 1941, Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union, with the defense of Brest Fortress marking the first major battle of Operation Barbarossa.

1941: German Occupation

In 1941, most of Western Belarus became part of the Reichskommissariat Ostland during the German occupation.

1943: Belarusian Central Council Set Up

In 1943, German authorities allowed local collaborators to set up a client state, the Belarusian Central Council.

1943: Żeligowski Memoir Published

In 1943, Żeligowski's memoir, published in London, condemned the annexation of the Republic of Central Lithuania by Poland.

1944: End of German Occupation

The Byelorussian SSR remained under German occupation until 1944.

1945: Byelorussian SSR becomes a founding member of the United Nations

In 1945, the Byelorussian SSR became a founding member of the United Nations, along with the Soviet Union.

1945: Joined the United Nations

In 1945, the Byelorussian SSR joined the United Nations as one of the original 51 members.

1953: Continuation of Cultural Hegemony Program

After Joseph Stalin died in 1953, Nikita Khrushchev continued his predecessor's cultural hegemony program, promoting the use of Russian language.

1971: Population Reaches Pre-War Level

In 1971, the population of Belarus finally regained its pre-war level, after suffering immense losses during World War II.

1985: Film Come and See Released

In 1985, the film "Come and See" was released, among other pieces of media made about the Belarusian partisans during World War II.

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1986: Chernobyl disaster impact

In 1986, approximately 70% of the radiation from the Chernobyl nuclear disaster in neighboring Ukraine entered Belarusian territory, affecting about a fifth of Belarusian land.

1986: Chernobyl Nuclear Fallout

In 1986, the Byelorussian SSR was significantly contaminated with nuclear fallout, receiving 70% of the fallout from the Chernobyl power plant explosion in the neighboring Ukrainian SSR.

March 1990: Elections for Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian SSR

In March 1990, elections were held for seats in the Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian SSR.

July 1990: Declaration of State Sovereignty

On 27 July 1990, Belarus declared itself sovereign by issuing the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic.

July 1990: Belarus Declares Sovereignty

On July 27, 1990, the parliament of the republic proclaimed the sovereignty of Belarus.

1990: Decrease in Belarusian-language literature

From 1990 to 2020, the annual circulation of Belarusian-language literature significantly decreased.

1990: Forest Cover Extent

In 1990, forest cover in Belarus was at 7,780,000 hectares.

April 1991: Wide-scale strikes

In April 1991, wide-scale strikes erupted in Belarus.

August 1991: Name change to Republic of Belarus

On 25 August 1991, with the support of the Communist Party of Byelorussia, the country's name was changed to the Republic of Belarus.

August 1991: Belarus Gained Independence

On August 25, 1991, during the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Belarus gained independence.

December 1991: Dissolution of the Soviet Union

On 8 December 1991, Stanislav Shushkevich of Belarus, Boris Yeltsin of Russia, and Leonid Kravchuk of Ukraine met in Białowieża Forest to formally declare the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

1991: Dissolution of the Soviet Union

At the time of the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Belarus was one of the world's most industrially developed states by proportion of GDP and the richest CIS member-state.

1991: Official Use of Byelorussia Ended

In 1991, the term Byelorussia (its names in other languages such as English being based on the Russian form) was used officially only until 1991.

January 1992: Campaign for early elections

In January 1992, the Belarusian Popular Front campaigned for early elections.

May 1992: Introduction of the Belarusian ruble

In May 1992, the Belarusian ruble was introduced to replace the Soviet ruble.

1992: Formation of Armed Forces of Belarus

In 1992, the Armed Forces of Belarus were formed using parts of the former Soviet Armed Forces located on the new republic's territory.

1993: Belarus applies to become a member of the World Trade Organization

In 1993, Belarus applied to become a member of the World Trade Organization.

1993: Belarus refused admission to the Council of Europe

In 1993, Belarus attempted to join the Council of Europe but was refused admission due to electoral malpractice and human rights concerns.

1993: Failure of new parliamentary election law

In 1993, a new law on parliamentary elections failed to pass in Belarus.

March 1994: Elections for the Supreme Council set

Elections for the Supreme Council were set for March 1994.

March 1994: Adoption of national constitution

In March 1994, a national constitution was adopted in Belarus, assigning prime ministerial functions to the President.

June 1994: First round of presidential election

On 24 June 1994, the first round of the presidential election catapulted Alexander Lukashenko into national prominence, garnering 45% of the vote.

July 1994: Second round of presidential election

On 10 July 1994, Alexander Lukashenko won the second round of the presidential election with 80% of the vote, defeating Vyacheslav Kebich. These were the first and only free elections after independence.

1994: Olympic Games Debut

Belarus competed in the Olympic Games as an independent nation for the first time at the 1994 Winter Olympics.

1994: Belarus main exports

In 1994, Belarus's main exports included heavy machinery (especially tractors), agricultural products, and energy products.

1994: Alexander Lukashenko elected president

In 1994, following the adoption of a new constitution, Alexander Lukashenko was elected as Belarus's first president in the country's first and only free election after independence.

1994: Presidential term in the 1994 constitution

Under the 1994 constitution, the president could serve for only two terms as president.

October 1995: Presidential decree abolishes local governments

In October 1995, a presidential decree abolished the local governments of cities of raion subordination and urban-type settlements which served as the administrative center of raions, demoting them from administrative-territorial units to territorial units.

1995: National Flag Adoption

In 1995, Belarus adopted its current national flag in a disputed referendum. The flag incorporates an ornamental pattern common in early Belarusian dresses.

1995: Belarus Begins to Cooperate with NATO

In 1995, Belarus first began to cooperate with NATO upon signing documents to participate in their Partnership for Peace Program.

1995: Employment statistics compiled

In 1995, overall rate of employment is the highest since statistics were first compiled.

1995: Treaties demarking borders with Latvia

In 1995, treaties were signed to demarcate Belarus's borders with Latvia.

November 1996: Constitutional referendum and parliament by-elections

In November 1996, a constitutional referendum and parliament by-elections took place, leading to the Council of Europe removing Belarus from its observer status.

December 1996: First coins of the Republic of Belarus issued

On December 27, 1996, the first coins of the Republic of Belarus were issued.

1996: GDP rises in Belarus

GDP only began to rise in 1996; the country was the fastest-recovering former Soviet republic in the terms of its economy.

1996: Controversial vote to extend presidential term

In 1996, Lukashenko called for a controversial vote to extend the presidential term from five to seven years.

1996: Establishment of the Union State

In 1996, a series of treaties between Belarus and Russia established the Union State, a supranational confederation aimed at monetary union, equal rights, single citizenship, and a common foreign and defense policy.

1996: Ballet Prize

In 1996, the National Academic Theatre of Ballet in Minsk was awarded the Benois de la Dance Prize as the top ballet company in the world.

1996: Treaties demarking borders with Lithuania

In 1996, treaties were signed to demarcate Belarus's borders with Lithuania.

1997: Removal from Council of Europe observer status

In 1997, The Council of Europe removed Belarus from its observer status as a response for election irregularities in the November 1996 constitutional referendum and parliament by-elections.

1997: Treaty establishing Belarus-Ukraine border

In 1997, a treaty establishing the Belarus-Ukraine border was signed.

1997: Transformation of ex-Soviet forces completed

In 1997, the transformation of the ex-Soviet forces into the Armed Forces of Belarus was completed, reducing the number of soldiers and restructuring its leadership and military formations.

1997: Belarus participates in Partnership Program

Since 1997, Belarus has participated in the Individual Partnership Program with NATO.

1998: Belarus joins Non-Aligned Movement

In 1998, Belarus became a member of the international Non-Aligned Movement.

1999: Election postponement

As a result of the 1996 referendum on presidential term extension, the election that was supposed to occur in 1999 was pushed back.

2000: Bandkeramik Culture Predominance

From 5000 to 2000 BC, the Bandkeramik culture predominated in what now constitutes Belarus.

2000: Belarus and Russia sign treaty

In 2000, Belarus and Russia signed a treaty for greater cooperation, forming the Union State.

2000: Ruble reintroduced with new values

In 2000, the Belarusian ruble was reintroduced with new values.

2001: Lukashenko re-election

In 2001, Lukashenko was officially re-elected as president.

2001: Contract soldiers number 12,000

In 2001, contract soldiers in Belarus numbered 12,000, highlighting the increasing importance of contract soldiers due to demographic decreases in Belarusians of conscription age.

2001: Election postponement

The election that was supposed to occur in 1999 was pushed back to 2001.

2002: Salt Lake City Olympics

At the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics, the national hockey team of Belarus finished fourth, highlighted by an upset win over Sweden in the quarterfinals.

2003: Unemployment rate declining since

The unemployment rate in Belarus has been declining since 2003.

2004: Elimination of presidential term limits

In 2004, a change in the constitution eliminated term limits for the presidency.

2004: Russia-Belarus energy dispute

In 2004, the Russia–Belarus energy dispute began when Gazprom ceased gas imports into Belarus due to price disagreements.

2004: US passes Belarus Democracy Act

In 2004, the United States passed the Belarus Democracy Act, which authorized funding for anti-government Belarusian NGOs and prohibited loans to the Belarusian government, except for humanitarian purposes.

2004: Lack of seats for pro-Lukashenko and opposition parties

In the 2004 elections, neither the pro-Lukashenko parties, nor the People's Coalition 5 Plus opposition parties, won any seats.

2004: Eurovision Song Contest Debut

Since 2004, Belarus has been sending artists to the Eurovision Song Contest, marking their participation in the international music competition.

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2005: GDP increased in Belarus

In 2005, GDP in Belarus increased by 9.9%; the inflation rate averaged 9.5%.

2005: Military expenditure is 1.4% of GDP

In 2005, about 1.4% of Belarus's gross domestic product was devoted to military expenditure.

2005: Employment statistics in Belarus

In 2005, nearly a quarter of the population in Belarus was employed in industrial factories. According to government statistics, the unemployment rate was 1.5%.

March 2006: Tensions Peak Between NATO and Belarus

In March 2006, tensions between NATO and Belarus peaked after the presidential election in Belarus.

2006: GDP in PPP dollars

In 2006, Belarus's GDP amounted to US$83.1 billion in purchasing power parity (PPP) dollars, or about $8,100 per capita.

2006: Lukashenko re-election

In 2006, Lukashenko was officially re-elected as president.

2006: 2006 presidential election

In the 2006 presidential election, Lukashenko was opposed by Alaksandar Milinkievič and Alyaksandr Kazulin. Lukashenko won the election with 80% of the vote.

February 2007: Ratification of border demarcation documents with Lithuania

In February 2007, Belarus and Lithuania ratified final border demarcation documents.

June 2007: Belarus loses EU Generalized System of Preferences status

On June 21, 2007, Belarus lost its EU Generalized System of Preferences status due to its failure to protect labor rights, including passing laws forbidding unemployment or working outside state-controlled sectors, which raised tariff rates to their prior most favored nation levels.

2007: Main trading partners in Belarus

As of 2007, Belarus's main trading partners were Russia, accounting for about 45% of exports and 55% of imports (including petroleum), and EU countries, accounting for 25% of exports and 20% of imports.

2007: Population Decline

In 2007, Belarus's population declined by 0.41%, and its fertility rate was 1.22, below the replacement rate.

2007: Belarus abandons pegging ruble to Russian ruble

In 2007, The National Bank of Belarus abandoned pegging the Belarusian ruble to the Russian ruble.

2007: US Ambassador absence in Minsk

In 2007, the United States did not have an ambassador in Minsk, marking a period of strained bilateral relations.

2007: Russia-Belarus energy dispute

The 2007 Russia–Belarus energy dispute centered on accusations by Gazprom that Belarus was siphoning oil from the Druzhba pipeline.

January 2008: Proposal for single currency

As part of the Union of Russia and Belarus, the two states discussed using a single currency analogous to the Euro, leading to a proposal that the Belarusian ruble be discontinued in favor of the Russian ruble (RUB), starting as early as January 1, 2008.

2008: Belarus Ambassador absence in Washington

In 2008, Belarus did not have an ambassador in Washington, further indicating tense diplomatic relations with the United States.

2008: Zhukova's Olympic Silver Medal

In 2008, Inna Zhukova earned a silver medal in rhythmic gymnastics at the Beijing Olympics.

2009: Language Census

According to data published in 2009, 53% of the population in Belarus described Belarusian as their "mother tongue" compared to 41% who described Russian in that way.

2009: Ratification of Belarus-Ukraine border treaty

In 2009, Belarus ratified the 1997 treaty establishing the Belarus-Ukraine border.

2010: Presidential election and protests

Following the December completion of the 2010 presidential election, Lukashenko was elected to a fourth straight term. Protests erupted in Minsk, leading to arrests and beatings.

2010: Lukashenko re-election

In 2010, Lukashenko was officially re-elected as president.

May 2011: Ruble Devaluation

In May 2011, the Belarusian ruble experienced a significant devaluation, depreciating 56% against the United States dollar. This devaluation led to financial instability as citizens rushed to exchange rubles for more stable currencies and goods.

June 2011: Request for Economic Rescue Package

In June 2011, Belarus formally requested an economic rescue package from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) due to the financial crisis caused by the ruble's devaluation.

November 2011: Religious Adherence Census

According to the census of November 2011, 58.9% of all Belarusians adhered to some kind of religion, with Eastern Orthodoxy making up about 82% of those.

2011: Belarus carries out executions

In 2011, Belarus carried out executions, making it the only European country still using capital punishment at that time.

2011: Economic crisis and Minsk Metro bombing

In 2011, Belarus experienced a severe economic crisis, with inflation reaching 108.7%. The 2011 Minsk Metro bombing also occurred, resulting in 15 deaths and 204 injuries.

2012: Charkashyna's Olympic Bronze Medal

In 2012, Liubov Charkashyna earned a bronze medal in rhythmic gymnastics at the London Olympics.

2012: Azarenka's Grand Slam and Olympic Gold

In 2012, Victoria Azarenka became the first Belarusian to win a Grand Slam singles title at the Australian Open. She also won a gold medal in mixed doubles at the Summer Olympics with Max Mirnyi.

2012: Similar regulations introduced for forestry industry

In 2012, similar regulations as those for kolkhoz workers were introduced for the forestry industry.

2012: Execution of Minsk Metro bombing suspects

In 2012, two suspects arrested in connection to the 2011 Minsk Metro bombing were executed by shooting.

2012: Parliamentary Election

In the 2012 parliamentary election, 105 of the 110 members elected to the House of Representatives were not affiliated with any political party. The Communist Party of Belarus won 3 seats, and the Belarusian Agrarian Party and RPTS, one each.

2014: IIHF World Championship in Belarus

In 2014, Belarus hosted the IIHF World Championship, showcasing the country's capabilities in hosting international sports events.

2014: Domracheva's Olympic Gold Medals

In 2014, Darya Domracheva won three gold medals at the Winter Olympics in biathlon, highlighting her achievements in the sport.

2014: New law restricts kolkhoz workers

In 2014, Lukashenko announced a new law that prohibits kolkhoz workers (around 9% of total work force) from leaving their jobs without permission from governors.

2015: Population Age Distribution

As of 2015, 69.9% of Belarus's population was aged 14 to 64, 15.5% was under 14, and 14.6% was 65 or older.

2015: Forest Ownership

In 2015, 100% of the forest area in Belarus was reported to be under public ownership.

2015: Employment by companies

In 2015, 39.3% of Belarusians were employed by state-controlled companies, 57.2% by private companies (in which the government had a 21.1% stake), and 3.5% by foreign companies.

2015: Lukashenko re-election

In 2015, Lukashenko was officially re-elected as president.

2015: Staniouta's World Championship Medal

In 2015, Melitina Staniouta won the Bronze All-Around Medal at the World Championships in rhythmic gymnastics.

2015: Minsk Population

In 2015, Minsk, the capital and largest city of Belarus, was home to 1,937,900 residents.

2015: Nobel Prize in Literature

In 2015, Svetlana Alexievich, a Belarusian author, won the Nobel Prize in Literature. She named Ales Adamovich as her main teacher.

2015: Kiryienka's Road World Championship

In 2015, cyclist Vasil Kiryienka won the Road World Time Trial Championship.

July 2016: Introduction of the New Belarusian Ruble

In July 2016, Belarus introduced a new currency, the new Belarusian ruble (BYN), to replace the old Belarusian ruble at a rate of 1:10,000 as part of an effort to combat the high inflation rate.

December 2016: Parallel Circulation of Old and New Currencies

From July 1 until December 31, 2016, the old and new Belarusian rubles were in parallel circulation, allowing for a transition period after the introduction of the new currency.

January 2017: Exchange Period for Old Currency

From January 1, 2017, until December 31, 2021, old Belarusian ruble notes and coins could be exchanged for the new series, continuing the currency redenomination process.

2019: Population Census Results

According to the 2019 census, Belarus had a population of 9.41 million, with ethnic Belarusians making up 84.9% of the total population.

2019: Administrative-territorial unit data

As of 2019, the administrative-territorial and territorial units in Belarus included 115 cities, 85 urban-type settlements, and 23,075 rural settlements.

2019: Manufacturing share in GDP

In 2019, the share of manufacturing in Belarus's GDP was 31%, with manufacturing industries employing 34.7% of the workforce.

September 2020: Reports of torture and ill-treatment following protests

In September 2020, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights reported receiving 450 documented cases of torture and ill-treatment of individuals arrested during the protests following the presidential election.

2020: Disputed presidential election and mass protests

Following the disputed 2020 Belarusian presidential election, mass protests erupted across the country, with Lukashenko seeking a sixth term in office.

2020: Decline of Belarusian Literature

From 1990 to 2020, the annual circulation of Belarusian-language literature significantly decreased.

2020: Lukashenko re-election

In 2020, Lukashenko was officially re-elected as president.

2020: Sanctions imposed following rigged "election"

In 2020, sanctions were imposed on Belarus following the rigged "election" of Lukashenko.

2020: Forest Cover in Belarus

In 2020, the forest cover in Belarus was around 43% of the total land area, equivalent to 8,767,600 hectares of forest.

2020: Migrant crossings increase

In 2020, the number of migrants crossing the Belarus-Poland border sharply increased multiple times compared to the previous year. Illegal migrant numbers also exceeded the previous annual numbers in Latvia.

2020: 2020 presidential election and aftermath

In the 2020 presidential election, Lukashenko won again with official results giving him 80% of the vote, leading to mass protests and non-recognition by the European Union and the United Kingdom.

May 2021: Ryanair flight diverted, opposition activist detained

On May 23, 2021, Belarusian authorities forcibly diverted a Ryanair flight from Athens to Vilnius to detain opposition activist Roman Protasevich and his girlfriend. Lukashenko threatened to flood the EU with migrants and drugs as a response to sanctions.

June 2021: Belarus suspends participation in Eastern Partnership

On June 28, 2021, Belarus suspended its participation in the European Union's Eastern Partnership program after the EU imposed additional sanctions on the country.

July 2021: Belarusian authorities launch hybrid warfare

In July 2021, Belarusian authorities launched a hybrid warfare tactic by human trafficking of migrants to the European Union.

August 2021: Belarusian officials recorded pushing migrants

In August 2021, Belarusian officials were recorded on camera near the Belarus–Lithuania border pushing and urging migrants to cross the European Union border.

December 2021: End of Exchange Period for Old Currency

December 31, 2021, marked the end of the period during which old Belarusian ruble notes and coins could be exchanged for the new series, completing the currency redenomination process initiated in 2016.

December 2021: New sanctions imposed on Belarus

On December 2, 2021, the United States, European Union, United Kingdom and Canada imposed new sanctions on Belarus.

2021: Manufacturing growth

In 2021, manufacturing growth in Belarus was about 2.2%.

2021: Cancellation of IIHF and UEC Championships

In 2021, the IIHF World Championship, which was supposed to be co-hosted in Latvia and Belarus, and the UEC European Track Championships in cycling were cancelled due to widespread protests and security concerns in Belarus.

April 2022: EU imposes trade sanctions on Belarus

In April 2022, the European Union imposed trade sanctions on Belarus as a result of its facilitation of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

October 2022: Price Increase Ban

On October 6, 2022, Lukashenko implemented a ban on price increases in Belarus as a measure to combat food inflation.

2022: Belarus ranked 153rd in Press Freedom Index

In 2022, Belarus was ranked 153rd out of 180 countries in the Press Freedom Index published by Reporters Without Borders.

2022: Sanctions imposed following complicity in Russian invasion of Ukraine

In 2022, further sanctions were imposed on Belarus following the country's role and complicity in the Russian invasion of Ukraine, with Russian troops being allowed to stage part of the invasion from Belarusian territory.

2022: Limited Relationship with Council of Europe Suspended

In April 2022, Belarus's limited relationship with the Council of Europe was suspended due to its facilitation of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

January 2023: Legalization of Copyright Infringement

In January 2023, Belarus legalized copyright infringement of media and intellectual property created by "unfriendly" foreign nations.

March 2023: Law allowing capital punishment for high treason signed

In March 2023, Lukashenko signed a law allowing the use of capital punishment against officials and soldiers convicted of high treason.

August 2023: EU sanctions on Belarus extended and expanded

In August 2023, the EU extended and expanded the trade sanctions imposed on Belarus.

2024: Belarus ranked 85th in the Global Innovation Index

In 2024, Belarus was ranked 85th in the Global Innovation Index.

2050: Projected Median Age

It is estimated that the median age in Belarus, which was between 30 and 34 as of 2015, will rise to between 60 and 64 by 2050.