Minnesota is a U.S. state in the Upper Midwest, bordered by Canada and the states of Wisconsin, Iowa, North Dakota, and South Dakota. Known as the "Land of 10,000 Lakes," it boasts over 14,000 bodies of fresh water and is largely forested, with prairie and farmland. Its population is about 5.8 million, making it the 22nd-most populous state. The Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area, the "Twin Cities," is home to over 60% of the population and serves as the state's political, economic, and cultural center. Other notable metropolitan areas include Duluth, Mankato, Moorhead, Rochester, and St. Cloud.
Recent storms in Minnesota caused significant tree damage, especially in state parks, prompting ongoing cleanup efforts. Despite the damage, Memorial Day Weekend offers several activities and events throughout the state.
By 1900, Minnesota mills, spearheaded by Pillsbury, Northwestern, and the Washburn-Crosby Company (an ancestor of General Mills), were processing 14.1% of the nation's grain.
In 1901, the Washington Senators were a founding member of the American League.
In 1922, KUOM-AM, the state's oldest radio station, was launched. It is among the 10-oldest radio stations in the United States.
In September 1927, John Philip Sousa and his band premiered "The Minnesota March" at the Minnesota State Fair.
In 1931, western Minnesota and the Dakotas experienced a severe drought, exacerbating the economic hardships brought on by the Great Depression.
In 1934, the Indian Reorganization Act was enacted, providing Native American tribes with a mechanism for self-government, giving them a greater voice within the state, and promoting respect for tribal customs.
The drought that began in 1931 persisted through 1935, continuing to cause significant hardship in western Minnesota and the Dakotas.
On July 6, 1936, Moorhead, Minnesota recorded the state's highest temperature ever at 114 °F (46 °C).
In 1944, the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) was formed out of an alliance of the Minnesota Democratic and Farmer–Labor parties.
In 1946, Engineering Research Associates was established to develop computers for the United States Navy, marking the beginning of Minnesota's role as a technology center.
In 1947, the Minneapolis Lakers of the National Basketball Association began playing in the Minneapolis Auditorium.
On April 27, 1948, KSTP-TV began broadcasting, marking the start of broadcast television in Minnesota and the Upper Midwest.
In 1948, Hubert Humphrey brought national attention to Minnesota with his address at the Democratic National Convention.
In 1949, Medtronic, a medical device maker, began its business operations in the Twin Cities, contributing to Minnesota's growing prominence in the medical technology sector.
In 1951, Minneapolis hosted the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship.
In 1957, William Norris left Sperry Rand to establish Control Data Corporation (CDC), further solidifying Minnesota's position in the technology industry.
In 1957, the legislature established a planning commission for the Twin Cities metropolitan area, setting the stage for regional development and coordination.
In 1960, the Minneapolis Lakers relocated to Los Angeles.
Since 1960, Minnesota has voted for the Democratic nominee in every presidential election, with the exception of 1972.
In 1961, the Minnesota Twins began playing in the Twin Cities after relocating from Washington where they were known as the Washington Senators.
In 1961, the Minnesota Vikings were admitted to the National Football League (NFL) as an expansion franchise and began playing in Metropolitan Stadium.
In 1965, the Twins advanced to the World Series, but lost to the Los Angeles Dodgers in seven games.
From 1967, the Minnesota North Stars competed in the National Hockey League (NHL).
In 1967, the planning commission for the Twin Cities metropolitan area was transformed into the Metropolitan Council, enhancing regional governance and planning.
In 1971, under Governor Wendell Anderson, the "Minnesota Miracle" legislation led to a broad reform in financing Minnesota's public schools and local governments, aiming for a fairer distribution of taxation and education.
In 1972, Republican Richard Nixon won the state of Minnesota in the presidential election.
In 1974, the comedy radio show "A Prairie Home Companion" first aired on National Public Radio.
From 1976, the Minnesota Kicks played at Metropolitan Stadium.
Since 1976, Minnesota has consistently voted for the Democratic presidential nominee, a record unmatched by any other U.S. state. This reflects the state's unique political landscape among Midwestern states.
Since 1976, Minnesotans have consistently cast their Electoral College votes for Democratic presidential candidates, longer than any other state.
Between 1980 and 2000, the populations of metropolitan Sherburne and Scott counties in Minnesota doubled, indicating a shift towards urban centers.
In 1980, twelve of the twenty members of the gold medal-winning U.S. ice hockey team, coached by Minnesota native Herb Brooks, were from Minnesota.
1981 was the last year that the Minnesota Vikings played in the Metropolitan Stadium.
The Minnesota Kicks played at Metropolitan Stadium until 1981.
The Minnesota North Stars played in and lost the 1981 Stanley Cup Finals.
In 1982, the Minnesota Vikings began playing in the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome.
The Minnesota Strikers began playing in 1984.
The Twins won the 1987 World Series in seven games, with the home team being victorious in all games.
The Minnesota Strikers played until 1988.
In 1989, the Minnesota Timberwolves joined the National Basketball Association (NBA).
Since 1990, the Minnesota Timberwolves have played in Target Center.
The DFL party took the governor's office in 2010 for the first time in 20 years.
The Minnesota North Stars played in and lost the 1991 Stanley Cup Finals.
The Twins won the 1991 World Series in seven-game matches where the home team was victorious in all games.
In 1992, Minneapolis hosted the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship.
In 1992, Super Bowl XXVI was played in the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome.
Since 1993, the University of Minnesota-owned radio station KUOM-AM broadcasts a college rock format.
The Minnesota North Stars competed in the National Hockey League (NHL) until 1993.
On February 2, 1996, Minnesota recorded its lowest temperature ever at −60 °F (−51 °C) in Tower.
In 1996, Swimmer Tom Malchow won an Olympic silver medal.
In 1998, Jesse Ventura, former mayor of Brooklyn Park and professional wrestler, was elected governor of Minnesota under the Reform Party.
Between 1980 and 2000, 40 of Minnesota's 87 counties experienced a loss of residents, indicating a shift towards urban centers.
Swimmer Tom Malchow won an Olympic gold medal in the 2000 Summer games.
In 2001, Minneapolis hosted the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship.
Minnesota was ranked as the healthiest state in the nation.
Since 2005, Minnesota has mandated a 2% biodiesel blend in diesel fuel.
In 2006, a constitutional amendment was passed that required sales and use taxes on motor vehicles to fund transportation, with at least 40% dedicated to public transit.
In 2006, the Guthrie Theater relocated to a new facility in Minneapolis with three stages and a view of the Mississippi River.
In the 2006 Winter Olympics, the U.S. men's curling team won the bronze medal.
In the 2006 mid-term election, Democrats were elected to all state offices, except governor and lieutenant governor.
On October 1, 2007, the Freedom to Breathe Act took effect, outlawing smoking in restaurants and bars in Minnesota.
As of 2007, Minnesota hosted the largest number of breeding pairs of bald eagles in the lower 48 states, indicating a healthy and thriving population of these birds of prey.
On January 16, 2008, the National Hockey League's Minnesota Wild reached 300 consecutive sold-out games at St. Paul's Xcel Energy Center.
As of 2008, Minnesota was ranked 12th in the nation in per capita total state and local taxes, with Minnesotans paying 10.2% of their income in these taxes, compared to the U.S. average of 9.7%.
In 2008, DFLer Al Franken defeated incumbent Republican Norm Coleman in the U.S. Senate race by 312 votes out of three million cast.
Between 2005 and 2009, Minnesota's ranking as the healthiest state in the nation declined from first to sixth.
In 2009, Minnesota had the second-highest proportion of high school graduates in the U.S., with 91.5% of people 25 and older holding a high school diploma.
As of the 2010 census, Minnesota had 17 cities with populations exceeding 50,000, including Minneapolis, Saint Paul, Rochester, and Duluth.
From 2010, Minnesota United FC played in the lower-division North American Soccer League.
In the 2010 election, Republicans took control of both chambers of the Minnesota legislature for the first time in 38 years.
The Minnesota Lynx of the Women's National Basketball Association won the 2011 WNBA Championships.
After the 2013 season, the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome was demolished for the construction of the team's new home, U.S. Bank Stadium.
In 2013, Minnesota ranked eighth in the world and third in the United States in math and science performance among eighth-grade students.
The Minnesota Lynx of the Women's National Basketball Association won the 2013 WNBA Championships.
According to the Pew Research Center, as of 2014, 74% of Minnesotans identified as Christian, 5% belonged to non-Christian faiths, and 20% identified as religiously unaffiliated.
In 2014, Minnesota students earned the tenth-highest average composite score in the nation on the ACT exam.
In 2014, the Minnesota State Fair had more than 1.8 million visitors, setting a new attendance record.
In 2015, Minneapolis was named the nation's "Most Literate City", while St. Paul placed fourth, according to a major annual survey.
In 2015, the Minnesota Swarm of the National Lacrosse League moved to Georgia.
The Minnesota Lynx of the Women's National Basketball Association won the 2015 WNBA Championships.
In 2016, the GOP regained control of the Minnesota State Senate.
In 2016, the state of Minnesota produced 60% of the country's usable iron ore.
In the fall of 2016, the Hazeltine National Golf Club hosted the Ryder Cup, becoming one of two courses in the U.S. to host all major golf competitions.
Minnesota United FC played in the lower-division North American Soccer League until 2016.
According to the 2017 American Community Survey, 5.1% of Minnesota's population were of Hispanic or Latino origin, with significant populations of German, Norwegian, Irish, Swedish, and English ancestry.
In 2017, Minnesota United FC joined Major League Soccer as an expansion team.
The Minnesota Lynx of the Women's National Basketball Association won the 2017 WNBA Championships.
In February 2018, the Vikings' current stadium, U.S. Bank Stadium, hosted Super Bowl LII.
As of 2018, Minnesota had the largest refugee population per capita of any state, with significant numbers of Hmong, Somalis, Ethiopians, and Vietnamese refugees.
In 2018, the DFL retook control of the Minnesota House, while electing DFLer Tim Walz as Governor.
The gold medal-winning curling team from Duluth competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics.
On January 7, 2019, Tim Walz took office as Minnesota's governor.
As of 2019, Minnesota Public Radio (MPR) had the largest audience of any regional public radio network in the nation, broadcasting on 46 radio stations.
In 2019, Minneapolis hosted the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship.
In 2019, Minnesota had over 411 service stations that supplied E85 fuel, a blend of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline.
In 2019, Minnesota's economy had a gross domestic product (GDP) of $383 billion. 33 of the top 1,000 publicly traded companies by revenue in the United States were headquartered in Minnesota.
In 2019, Minnesota's per capita personal income was $58,834, ranking thirteenth-highest in the nation, and its median household income was $74,593, ranking thirteenth in the U.S.
According to the United States Census Bureau, in 2020 Minnesota had a population of about 5.7 million, making it the 22nd-most populous U.S. state.
As of 2020, the White population in Minnesota has fallen to 77.5%, while the Black population has risen to 7%, the Asian population to 5.3%, and those identifying as two or more races to 6.1%.
In 2020, Minnesota's voter turnout reached 79.96% of registered voters participating in the general election.
In 2020, U.S. News & World Report ranked the Mayo Clinic as the top hospital in the country.
In 2021, Minnesota's fertility rate was slightly below the replacement rate at 1.75, though the state has maintained population growth through births and immigration.
In 2023, the DFL (Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party) gained control of all three branches of Minnesota's government and passed significant reforms in the legislative session, moving the state in a progressive direction.
Since 2023, both the Minnesota House and Senate have had a slim DFL majority.
In 2024, Walz was also Kamala Harris's running mate in the United States presidential election.
As of 2025, the text refers to Minnesota's largest employers.
The Ryder Cup is scheduled to return to the Hazeltine National Golf Club in 2028.
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