Minneapolis, the most populous city in Minnesota, is located on the Mississippi River and adjoins Saint Paul, forming the 'Twin Cities' metropolitan area. Known as the 'City of Lakes', it boasts numerous lakes, wetlands, and a connected park system via the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. The city is built on an artesian aquifer and experiences a climate of cold, snowy winters and hot, humid summers. Its population was 429,954 as of the 2020 census.
Around 1900, Minneapolis began attracting skilled workers, who utilized their expertise from the University of Minnesota.
In 1900, Minneapolis milled fourteen percent of America's grain, with about one third of that being shipped overseas.
In 1900, Minneapolis welcomed Italian and Greek immigrants, while Slovak and Czech immigrants settled in the Bohemian Flats area along the Mississippi River.
In 1902, Mayor Doc Ames, after running the city into crime, tried to leave town.
In 1905, St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral created a Russian Orthodox seminary.
Before 1910, the city was relatively unsegregated. In 1910, a developer wrote the first restrictive covenant based on race and ethnicity into a Minneapolis deed.
In 1915, one-seventh of the vast complex designed by McKim, Mead & White for the Minneapolis Institute of Art was built and opened.
In 1916, Minneapolis reached peak flour production at 18.5 million barrels.
From the end of World War I in 1918 until 1950, antisemitism was commonplace in Minneapolis.
By 1919, sawmills in Minneapolis, including the Weyerhauser mill, had closed, marking the decline of the lumbering industry in the city.
From 1921 until 1923, the Ku Klux Klan was a force in Minneapolis.
In 1923, Munsingwear became the world's largest manufacturer of underwear.
The Ku Klux Klan's influence in Minneapolis ended in 1923 after being a force in the city since 1921.
In 1925, after Minnesota passed a eugenics law, Eitel Hospital sterilized people at Faribault State Hospital.
Additions to the Minneapolis Institute of Art were made by other firms from 1928 to 2006.
In 1928, Temple Israel was built by the city's first Jewish congregation, Shaarai Tov.
By 1930, Minneapolis had one of the nation's highest literacy rates among Black residents, though discrimination limited job opportunities.
The winter of 1930–1931 was the least-snowy on record with 14.2 inches of snow.
The winter of 1930–1931 was the least-snowy on record with 14.2 inches of snow.
Enrollment in the school district peaked in 1933 at 90,000 students.
During the summer of 1934 and the financial downturn of the Great Depression, the Citizens' Alliance refused to negotiate with teamsters, leading to strikes in May and July–August.
In 1935, Cecil Newman and the Minneapolis Spokesman led a year-long consumer boycott of four area breweries that refused to hire Black employees.
The union victory in Minneapolis ultimately led to 1935 and 1938 federal laws protecting workers' rights.
In July 1936, Minneapolis recorded its highest temperature at 108 °F.
Starting in 1936, a fascist hate group known as the Silver Shirts held meetings in Minneapolis.
In 1938, Frederick McKinley Jones and his associate founded Thermo King in Minneapolis.
The union victory in Minneapolis ultimately led to 1935 and 1938 federal laws protecting workers' rights.
In 2023, housing units in the city built in 1939 or earlier comprised 43.7 percent of housing units in Minneapolis.
Around 1940, the Walker Art Center's focus shifted to modern and contemporary art.
In 1949, Medtronic was founded in a garage in Minneapolis.
Between 1950 and 1970, the Black population in Minneapolis increased by 436 percent.
From the end of World War I in 1918 until 1950, antisemitism was commonplace in Minneapolis.
In 1950, the Minneapolis census peaked at 521,718, marking the only time the city's population exceeded half a million.
In 1952, cardiac surgeon F. John Lewis successfully repaired a child's congenital heart defect at the University of Minnesota's Variety Club Heart Hospital.
In 1953, restrictive covenants against minorities were prohibited by state law.
By 1957, more than 200 patients—most of whom were children—had survived open-heart surgery at the University of Minnesota.
In 1957, Control Data began in downtown Minneapolis, replacing vacuum tubes with transistors in the CDC 1604 computer.
Between 1958 and 1963, Minneapolis began demolishing "skid row", which included 35 acres of downtown.
By 1959, a Temple of Islam was located in north Minneapolis.
In 1959, a report by the US Soil Conservation Service listed Minneapolis's elevation above mean sea level as 830 feet.
In 1961, the American football team Minnesota Vikings and the baseball team Minnesota Twins began playing in the state.
Between 1958 and 1963, Minneapolis completed the demolition of "skid row", which included 35 acres of downtown.
In 1963, Tyrone Guthrie founded the Guthrie Theater. The theater featured an inventive thrust stage, a collaboration by Guthrie, designer Tanya Moiseiwitsch, and architect Ralph Rapson.
In 1966 and 1967, suppressed anger among the Black population led to disturbances on Plymouth Avenue.
In 1966 and 1967, suppressed anger among the Black population led to disturbances on Plymouth Avenue.
In 1967, I-35W opened, displacing Black and Mexican neighborhoods in south Minneapolis.
In 1968, relocated Native Americans founded the American Indian Movement (AIM) in Minneapolis.
In 1968, the federal Fair Housing Act prohibited restrictive covenants.
In 1969, Charles Stenvig, a law-and-order candidate, became mayor of Minneapolis.
Around 1970, Koreans began arriving in Minneapolis. By 1970, the Japanese American population in Minneapolis, many relocated from San Francisco, numbered nearly 2,000, forming part of the state's largest Asian American community.
Between 1950 and 1970, the Black population in Minneapolis increased by 436 percent.
In 1971, a reported 150 persons attended classes at a Hindu temple near the University of Minnesota.
In 1971, a same-sex Minneapolis couple was denied a marriage license, despite appealing to the US Supreme Court; they later obtained a license and married.
In 1972, the Twin Cities' first Shi'a Muslim family resettled from Uganda.
Around 1975, Vietnamese, Hmong (some from Thailand), Lao, and Cambodians settled mainly in Saint Paul, but some built organizations in Minneapolis.
Since 1975, the city has not elected a Republican mayor.
The snowiest winter on record was 1983–1984, when 98.6 inches of snow fell.
The snowiest winter on record was 1983–1984, when 98.6 inches of snow fell.
In 1989, the basketball team Minnesota Timberwolves returned National Basketball Association (NBA) basketball to Minneapolis.
Around 1990, Minneapolis set up the Neighborhood Revitalization Program (NRP), involving all of the city's neighborhoods.
Control Data, a successful business, was disbanded in 1990.
In 1992, 160 Tibetan immigrants came to Minnesota, with many settling in the city's Whittier neighborhood.
In 1993, the Weisman Art Museum, designed by Frank Gehry, opened for the University of Minnesota.
Between 2000 and 2010, the population of people from India in Minneapolis increased by 1,000, becoming the largest concentration of Indians living in the state.
The Billy Graham Evangelistic Association was headquartered in Minneapolis from the 1950s until 2001.
Since 2003, the University of Minnesota dance team has won twenty-three national championships.
In 2004, the Minnesota Orchestra won a Grammy for composer Dominick Argento with their recording of Casa Guidi.
In 2005, The Museum of Russian Art opened in a restored church.
Additions to the Minneapolis Institute of Art were made by other firms from 1928 to 2006.
In 2006, a new Guthrie Theater designed by French architect Jean Nouvel opened overlooking the Mississippi River. The design team reproduced the thrust stage with some alterations and added a proscenium stage and an experimental stage.
In 2006, the downtown Central Library, designed by César Pelli, opened.
In 2007, the Interstate 35W bridge over the Mississippi collapsed, killing 13 people and injuring 145.
In 2008, the Minneapolis Public Library merged with the Hennepin County Library.
After Delta Air Lines merged with Northwest Airlines in 2009, Delta flew 80 percent of Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport's traffic.
Ahead of the 2009 elections, the city first implemented instant-runoff voting.
As of 2021, 34.6 percent of all foreign-born residents had arrived in 2010 or earlier.
Between 2000 and 2010, the population of people from India in Minneapolis increased by 1,000, becoming the largest concentration of Indians living in the state.
In 2011, an addition by Frank Gehry doubled the size of the galleries at the Weisman Art Museum.
In 2011, the Minnesota Lynx won the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) championship.
In 2011, the city's Neighborhood and Community Relations department took NRP's place, funded only by city revenue.
In 2013, the Somali Museum of Minnesota opened on Lake Street.
In 2014, according to a Pew Research Center survey, 70 percent of Twin Cities residents are Christian.
In 2014, the Minnesota Orchestra won a Grammy for their recording of Sibelius's first and fourth symphonies.
In 2015, fifteen of the fifty-five Twin Cities theater companies counted by Peg Guilfoyle had a physical site in Minneapolis.
In 2015, the city council passed a resolution making fossil fuel divestment city policy.
In 2016, The Herbivorous Butcher, described as the "first vegan 'butcher' shop in the United States", opened.
In 2016, the Bakken, formerly known as the Bakken Library and Museum of Electricity in Life, shifted its focus from electricity and magnetism to invention and innovation.
As of mid-2017, the north side of Minneapolis was one of the largest urban food deserts in the US, with 70,000 people having access to only two grocery stores. By 2017, Appetite for Change administered ten gardens, sold produce at West Broadway Farmers Market, supplied its restaurants, and gave away boxes of fresh produce.
In 2017, immigration from Somalia slowed significantly following a national executive order.
In 2017, the Minnesota Lynx won the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) championship.
In 2018, the Minneapolis City Council approved the Minneapolis 2040 Comprehensive Plan, ending single-family zoning citywide.
In 2018, the Minnesota African American Heritage Museum and Gallery was founded.
In 2018, the U.S. Bank Stadium was expanded to 70,000 seats for the Super Bowl.
Since 2018, Minneapolis is in Minnesota's 5th congressional district, which has been represented by Democrat Ilhan Omar.
The Minneapolis income gap in 2018 was one of the largest in the country, with Black families earning about 44 percent of what White families earned annually.
In 2019, Metropolitan Council data showed that driving alone was the most common means of transportation, while bicycling was the least common.
In 2019, Minneapolis released the Neighborhoods 2020 program, reworking neighborhood funding with an equity-focused lens.
Overnight service was cut back on Green Line trains in 2019.
Statewide in 2022 using inflation-adjusted dollars, the median income for a Black family was $34,377 less than a White family's median income, an improvement of $7,000 since 2019.
According to the 2020 US Census, Minneapolis had a population of 429,954, with 10.4 percent identifying as Hispanic or Latino, 58.0 percent as White alone, 18.9 percent as Black or African American alone, 5.8 percent as Asian alone, and smaller percentages for other groups.
After the murder of George Floyd in 2020, a crime wave resulted in more than 500 shootings.
As of 2020, approximately 15 percent of land in Minneapolis is parks.
In 2019, Minneapolis released the Neighborhoods 2020 program, reworking neighborhood funding with an equity-focused lens.
In 2020, Darnella Frazier recorded the murder of George Floyd by Derek Chauvin, sparking international rebellions and protests.
In 2020, Minneapolis declared racism a public health emergency.
In 2020, The Williams Institute reported that the Twin Cities had an estimated 4.2-percent LGBT adult population.
In 2020, the Bakken opened a new entrance on Bde Maka Ska.
In 2020, violent crime rose 21 percent compared to the average of the previous five years.
In Minneapolis in 2020, Blacks owned homes at a rate one-third that of White families.
In accordance with a 2020 act of Congress, ownership of 5 acres of federal land around the falls will transfer in 2026 to a Dakota-led nonprofit Owámniyomni Okhódayapi.
Since 2020, Minneapolis noted a dwindling number of children living in the city as one reason for the decline in public school enrollment.
According to the 2021 American Community Survey (ACS), the most common ancestries in Minneapolis were German (22.9 percent), Irish (10.8 percent), Norwegian (8.9 percent), Subsaharan African (6.7 percent), and Swedish (6.1 percent).
As of 2021, riders of the Metro Transit system-wide were 55 percent persons of color.
For the state in 2021, Black persons were three times and Native American persons were ten times more likely to die from an opioid overdose than White persons.
In 2021, a ballot question shifted more weight from the city council to the mayor.
In 2021, the ACS reported that the median household income in Minneapolis was $69,397, comparable to the US average of $70,784.
In 2021, the city council voted unanimously to abolish its required minimum number of parking spaces for new construction.
In 2021, the city gave residents a means to discharge restrictive covenants.
In July 2022, violent crime rose three percent across Minneapolis compared with 2021.
In July 2022, violent crime rose three percent across Minneapolis compared with 2021.
As of 2022, 90.8 percent of Minneapolis residents age 25 years or older had earned a high school degree compared to 89.1 percent nationally, and 53.5 percent had a bachelor's degree or higher compared to the 34.3 percent US national average.
As of 2022, approximately 3,000 Ethiopians and 20,000 Somalis resided in Minneapolis.
From 2022 until 2024, the Minnesota Supreme Court, the US District Court, and the Minnesota Court of Appeals arrived at competing opinions shutting down the 2040 plan.
In 2022, Minneapolis amended its noise ordinance to allow broadcasting the Muslim call to prayer five times per day.
In 2022, Sean Sherman's restaurant Owamni received James Beard's best new restaurant award.
In 2022, about 1200 at-risk students attended Minneapolis district alternative schools.
In 2022, opioid overdoses killed 231 persons in Minneapolis.
In 2022, the Metro Council hired community groups to help police light rail stations.
In 2022, the Minneapolis school district's graduation rate was 77 percent, an improvement of 3 percent over the previous year.
In 2022, the Minneapolis-Saint Paul area was the 14th-largest designated market area according to Nielsen.
In 2022, the metro area's gross domestic product was $323.9 billion.
Since 2022, Evie Carshare has been owned by Minneapolis and Saint Paul.
Statewide by 2022, the gap between White and Black home ownership declined from 51.5 percent to 48 percent. Statewide in 2022 using inflation-adjusted dollars, the median income for a Black family was $34,377 less than a White family's median income, an improvement of $7,000 since 2019.
As of August 2023, the Minneapolis Department of Public Works had completed 97 percent of the excavation phase and 41 percent of the lining phase of a 4,200-foot storm water tunnel system.
As of 2023, Minneapolis Public Schools enrollment was declining about 1.5 percent per year, with approximately 60 percent of school age children attending district schools.
As of 2023, Northstar Commuter rail service had been cut back to four from twelve daily trips due to decreased commuter rides during the COVID-19 pandemic.
As of 2023, the Metro Transit system has two light rail lines, five bus rapid transit (BRT) lines, and one commuter rail line. The system provided nearly 45 million rides in 2023, a sixteen-percent increase over the previous year.
As of 2023, the Minneapolis Grain Exchange is the only exchange for hard red spring wheat futures.
As of fall 2023, every public school student in the state receives one free breakfast and one free lunch each school day.
In 2023, Aldi closed, making the area a food desert again. Appetite for Change closed its Minneapolis restaurant, opened a food truck, and received a grant to create a long-term home.
In 2023, Nielsen found the Minneapolis–Saint Paul area to be the 15th-largest designated market area, which is down from 14th in 2022.
In 2023, the Human Rights Campaign gave Minneapolis 94 points out of 100 on the Municipal Equality Index of support for the LGBTQ+ population.
In 2023, the median Minneapolis rent was $1,529, compared to the national median of $1,723. Almost 17 percent of residents lived in poverty.
In 2023–2024, the University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus enrolled more than 54,000 students.
The 2023 Twin Cities Marathon was cancelled.
As of March 2024, Minnesota Newspaper Association members publishing in Minneapolis include Insight News, Finance & Commerce, Longfellow Nokomis Messenger, Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal, Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder, Minnesota Women's Press, North News, Northeaster, Southwest Connector, Star Tribune, and St. Paul – Midway Como Frogtown Monitor.
As of 2024, Minneapolis is the most populous city in Minnesota and the 46th-most populous city in the United States.
As of 2024, protests continued daily at George Floyd Square, with the slogan "No justice, no street". In 2024, Minneapolis gathered ideas for the square and through community engagement promised final proposals for the end of 2024.
As of 2024, the park board maintained 43 outdoor ice rinks at 20 sites in winter.
In 2024, Metro Transit improved security and safety in partnership with a private security company, introducing 24 trip agents who ride the light rail lines each day.
In 2024, Minneapolis Public Schools had room for 45,000 students and enrolled about 28,500 K–12 students. As of 2024, the city had 28 charter schools.
In 2024, Red Lake Nation College opened a new Minneapolis site, teaching Ojibwe culture and awarding associate degrees.
In 2024, base funding for every neighborhood organization increased in the city budget.
In 2024, college rankings place the University of Minnesota in the range of 44th to 203rd for academics worldwide.
In 2024, the ACS reported that the median household income in Minneapolis was $80,527.
In 2024, the Lynx lost the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) finals.
In 2024, the Twin Cities metropolitan area had the eighth-highest concentration of major corporate headquarters in the US, and the metro area's gross domestic product was $348 billion.
In 2024, the city budget added funds for the Turning Point treatment center, which provides care specifically for African Americans.
In 2024, the cost of the U.S. Bank Stadium was approximately $1.54 billion when adjusted for inflation.
In 2024, the state legislature passed a bill approving the city's 2040 plan.
In 2024, there was approval of an independent monitor of a court-enforceable consent decree to compel reformed policing practices.
In May 2025, the Trump administration moved to dismiss the consent decree.
In the 2024–2025 best global universities rankings by U.S. News & World Report, the University of Minnesota tied with Emory University at 63rd.
By 2026, community engagement promised final proposals for the end of 2024, that could be implemented for George Floyd Square.
In 2026, ownership of 5 acres of federal land around the falls will transfer to a Dakota-led nonprofit Owámniyomni Okhódayapi, according to a 2020 act of Congress.
A Blue Line extension to the northwest suburbs is scheduled to be built and completed by 2030.
The city of Minneapolis aims that by 2030, 60 percent of trips are taken without a car.
Government efforts to address disparities included zoning changes passed in the 2040 plan.
In 2018, the Minneapolis City Council approved the Minneapolis 2040 Comprehensive Plan, ending single-family zoning citywide.
Minneapolis's climate plan calls for an 80-percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.
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