Rust is a reddish-brown iron oxide formed by the reaction of iron, oxygen, and water or air moisture. It consists of hydrous iron(III) oxides (Fe2O3·nH2O) and iron(III) oxide-hydroxide (FeO(OH), Fe(OH)3). Rust is commonly associated with the corrosion of refined iron. Given enough time, oxygen, and water, any iron mass will eventually convert entirely to rust and disintegrate. Surface rust is flaky and readily peels away, exposing additional iron to oxidation. Rust formation can be slowed or prevented by using protective coatings like paint, oil, or by alloying the iron with other metals (e.g., stainless steel).
1967: Silver Bridge Disaster
On December 15, 1967, the Silver Bridge in Point Pleasant, West Virginia, collapsed suddenly due to a critical component failure exacerbated by rust. This disaster resulted in the tragic loss of 46 lives and underscored the importance of rust prevention in bridge maintenance.
1983: Mianus River Bridge Collapse
On June 28, 1983, the Mianus River Bridge in Greenwich, Connecticut, collapsed due to internal rusting of the bearings, which caused a road slab to be pushed off its support. This incident highlighted the destructive impact of rust on infrastructure.
2003: Kinzua Bridge Collapse
On July 21, 2003, high winds from a tornado caused the collapse of the Kinzua Bridge in Pennsylvania. The rusting of the central base bolts, which anchored the structure to the ground, played a significant role in the bridge's failure.