Connecticut is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States, bordering Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and New York. Hartford is its capital, while Bridgeport is its most populous city. Situated along the Northeast Corridor between New York City and Boston, Connecticut is the third-smallest state by area but ranks fourth in population density with over 3.6 million residents as of 2024.
By 1912, the New Haven Railroad operated over 2,000 miles of track and employed 120,000 people in southern New England.
In 1914, with the breakout of World War I, Connecticut became a major supplier of weaponry to the U.S. military.
On June 21, 1916, the U.S. Navy designated Groton as the site for its East Coast submarine base and school.
In 1917, Connecticut showed enthusiastic support for the American war effort through war bond purchases, industrial expansion, and increased food production.
By 1918, 80% of Connecticut's industries were producing goods for the World War I war effort, including small-arms cartridges produced by Remington Arms.
In 1918, native-born Americans had accounted for 35% of the state's population.
In 1918, thousands of state, local, and volunteer groups mobilized for the war effort in Connecticut, coordinated by the Connecticut State Council of Defense.
In 1919, J. Henry Roraback started the Connecticut Light & Power Co., which later became the state's dominant electric utility.
In 1925, Frederick Rentschler spurred the creation of Pratt & Whitney in Hartford to develop engines for aircraft.
In 1926, Hartford had a franchise in the National Football League known as the Hartford Blues.
On September 21, 1938, the most destructive storm in New England history, the "Long Island Express", struck eastern Connecticut, causing widespread damage and killing hundreds.
On May 13, 1940, Igor Sikorsky made the first untethered flight of the first practical helicopter.
In 1940, Non-Hispanic whites were 98% of the population in Connecticut.
On February 16, 1943, the lowest temperature recorded in Connecticut was observed in Falls Village, which was −32 °F (−36 °C).
In 1952, Prescott Bush began representing Connecticut in the U.S. Senate.
Since 1952, a PGA Tour golf tournament has been played in the Hartford area, originally called the "Insurance City Open".
In 1954, Hurricane Carol impacted Connecticut.
In 1959, Connecticut's official nickname, "The Constitution State", was adopted.
In 1960, Connecticut county governments were mostly eliminated, with the exception of sheriffs elected in each county.
On January 22, 1961, the lowest temperature recorded in Connecticut was observed in Coventry, which was −32 °F (−36 °C).
In 1963, Prescott Bush's term in the U.S. Senate came to an end.
In 1965, Connecticut implemented its current state constitution, absorbing the majority of its 1818 predecessor while incorporating some important modifications.
In 1965, Connecticut ratified its current constitution, replacing the document that had been in use since 1818.
In 1968, commercial operation began for the Connecticut Yankee Nuclear Power Plant in Haddam.
In 1970, the Millstone Nuclear Power Station began operations in Waterford.
In 1974, Ella Grasso was elected as the governor of Connecticut. This marked the first instance in United States history where a woman served as governor without her husband having held the position previously.
In 1975, the Hartford Whalers of the National Hockey League began playing in Hartford at the Hartford Civic Center.
Connecticut recorded its lowest unemployment since 1982 in 2000 between August and October, at 2.2%.
In 1988, Connecticut removed tolls from I-95 and Route 15 due to a series of major crashes at toll plazas.
In 1988, George H. W. Bush was the last Republican presidential candidate to win Connecticut's votes in the Electoral College.
In 1990, Lowell Weicker was elected as governor of Connecticut due to the state's dependence on the defense industry and budget crisis.
Since 1990, coastal cities and towns between New Haven and New London are also served by the Shore Line East commuter line.
Before 1991, Connecticut had an investment-only income tax system, where income from investments was taxed at 13%, while income from employment was untaxed.
In 1991, under Governor Lowell P. Weicker Jr., Connecticut's tax system was changed to equalize taxes on employment and investment income at a maximum rate of 4%.
In 1992, initial construction was completed on Foxwoods Casino, becoming the largest casino in the Western Hemisphere.
According to Webster's New International Dictionary in 1993, a person who is a native or resident of Connecticut is a "Connecticuter".
On July 15, 1995, Connecticut's record high temperature of 106 °F (41 °C) was recorded in Danbury.
In 1997, the Hartford Whalers of the National Hockey League relocated to Raleigh, North Carolina, and became known as the Carolina Hurricanes.
As of 2000, 81.69% of Connecticut residents age 5 and older spoke English at home.
Connecticut recorded its lowest unemployment in 2000 between August and October, at 2.2%.
In 2000, Al Gore selected Senator Joe Lieberman as his running mate for the presidential election.
In 2000, Jewish congregations had 108,280 (3.2%) members in Connecticut.
In 2000, the city of Hartford became home to the Hartford FoxForce of World TeamTennis.
In 2000, the county sheriff position in Connecticut was abolished and replaced with the state marshal system, which has districts that follow the old county territories.
In the 2000 census, only 12.3% of Connecticut's population was considered rural.
On September 11, 2001, 65 Connecticut residents, mostly from Fairfield County, were killed in the terrorist attacks at the World Trade Center.
In 2001, Connecticut instituted an annual sales tax "holiday" each August for one week, during which retailers did not have to remit sales tax on certain items and quantities of clothing.
The UConn Huskies football team has played in the Football Bowl Subdivision since 2002.
As of 2004, 11.4% of Connecticut's population (400,000) was foreign-born.
In 2004, Republican Governor John G. Rowland resigned during a corruption investigation.
In 2004, the University of Connecticut (UConn) became the first school in NCAA Division I history to have both its men's and women's basketball programs win the national title in the same year.
According to the U.S. Census 2006 American Community Survey, New Haven has the highest percentage of commuters who bicycle to work of any major metropolitan center on the East Coast.
In 2006, the city of Hartford's World TeamTennis team Hartford FoxForce, dissolved.
In July 2009, the Connecticut legislature overrode a veto by Governor M. Jodi Rell to pass SustiNet, the first significant public-option health care reform legislation in the nation.
The highest unemployment rate between 1982 and December 2019 occurred in November and December 2010 at 9.3%.
Based on census records, between 2010 and 2020 Connecticut's population increased by 31,847 people (0.9%).
In 2010, the largest Christian denominations in Connecticut were the Catholic Church with 1,252,936 adherents, the United Church of Christ with 96,506, and non-denominational Evangelical Protestants with 72,863.
Since 2010, the largest ancestry groups in Connecticut were Italian (19.3%), Irish (17.9%), and English (10.7%).
In April 2011, Marlin, owned by Remington, closed its manufacturing plant in Connecticut.
As of July 1, 2011, a provision excluding clothing under $50 from sales tax in Connecticut was repealed.
As of 2011, 46.1% of Connecticut's population younger than age 1 were minorities.
In 2011, Hurricane Irene struck Connecticut on August 28, causing $235 million in damage.
In April 2012, both houses of the Connecticut state legislature passed a bill that abolished capital punishment for all future crimes, though 11 inmates on death row at the time could still be executed.
On December 14, 2012, Adam Lanza killed 26 people at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, CT, before killing himself.
As of December 2012, four gun-manufacturing firms operated in Connecticut, employing 2,000 people: Colt, Stag, Ruger, and Mossberg.
As of 2012, Connecticut residents had the second-highest rate in the nation of combined state and local taxes after New York, at 12.6% of income compared to the national average of 9.9%, as reported by the Tax Foundation.
In 2012, Connecticut was hit by multiple major storms, including a "Halloween nor'easter" and Hurricane Sandy, causing extensive damage and power outages.
In 2012, Hurricane Sandy impacted Connecticut.
In 2014 Pew survey, the residents of Connecticut self-identified as Protestant 35%, Roman Catholic 33%, non-religious 28%, Jewish 3%, and other affiliations.
In 2014, UConn repeated the feat of 2004 and are still the only Division I school to win both men's and women's basketball titles in the same year.
In contrast to the 2014 Pew survey, the 2020 PRRI survey found Connecticut to be 40% Protestant and 28% Catholic (with the remainder of Christians being Mormon at 2%, and Orthodox at 1%).
On March 28, 2015, Connecticut Transit opened CTfastrak, a bus rapid transit service operating between New Britain and Hartford.
By 2015, the State of Connecticut recognized Councils of Governments (COGs) as county equivalents, allowing them to apply for funding and grants made available to county governments in other states.
As of November 15, 2016, 45% of Connecticut was in Severe Drought, impacting the agricultural economy.
According to the Tax Foundation, in the 2017 fiscal year, Connecticut residents paid the 3rd highest average property taxes per capita in the nation, following New Hampshire and New Jersey.
In 2017, Connecticut's agricultural production totaled $580 million, with nursery stock production accounting for just over half of that revenue. Milk production totaled $81 million that year.
In 2017, the UConn women's basketball team's record for the longest consecutive winning streak in NCAA college basketball ended at 111 games.
In 2017, tourists spent $9.3 billion in Connecticut. Foxwoods Resort Casino and Mohegan Sun are the two biggest tourist draws.
In June 2018, the Hartford Line, a commuter rail service, began operating between New Haven and Springfield on Amtrak's New Haven-Springfield Line.
According to Education Week's Quality Counts 2018 report, Connecticut ranked third in the nation for educational performance, earning an overall score of 83.5 out of 100 points.
According to a 2018 study by Phoenix Marketing International, Connecticut had the third-largest number of millionaires per capita in the United States, with a ratio of 7.75%.
In 2018, Finance, insurance and real estate was Connecticut's largest industry as ranked by gross domestic product, generating $75.7 billion in GDP that year.
In 2018, manufacturing was the third biggest industry in Connecticut with GDP of $30.8 billion.
In 2018, other large components of the Connecticut economy included wholesale trade ($18.1 billion in GDP), information services ($13.8 billion), retail ($13.7 billion), arts, entertainment, and food services ($9.1 billion), and construction ($8.3 billion).
In 2018, the broad business and professional services sector had the second-highest GDP total in Connecticut, estimated at $33.7 billion.
In 2018, the top countries of origin for Connecticut's immigrants were India, Jamaica, the Dominican Republic, Poland and Ecuador.
In 2019, sales of single-family homes in Connecticut totaled 33,146 units, a 2.1 percent decline from the 2018 transaction total.
In July 2019, Amtrak launched the Valley Flyer, which runs between New Haven and Greenfield, Massachusetts.
As of December 2019, Connecticut's seasonally adjusted unemployment rate was 3.8%, compared to the U.S. unemployment rate of 3.5% that month.
As of 2019, Connecticut's income tax rates were divided into seven brackets, ranging from 3% to 6.99%, depending on income levels.
As of 2019, Fairfield County was home to the headquarters for 16 of the 200 largest hedge funds in the world due to the new tax policy implemented in 1991.
At the end of 2019, the combined educational, health, and social services sector was the largest single industry as ranked by employment, employing 342,600 people. It ranked fourth the year before in GDP.
In 2019, Connecticut had the seventh-highest rate of home foreclosure activity in the country at 0.53 percent of the total housing stock.
In 2019, Hartford Athletic began play in the USL Championship soccer league.
In 2019, nuclear power delivered over 40% of Connecticut's electricity generation. Refuse-derived fuels and other biomass provided the largest share of renewable electricity at about a 3% share. More than three-quarters of solar generation came from distributed small-scale installations such as rooftop solar.
In 2019, sales of single-family homes in Connecticut totaled 33,146 units, a 2.1 percent decline from 2018. The median home sold in 2019 recorded a transaction amount of $260,000.
In 2019, the state recommended to the United States Census Bureau that the nine Councils of Governments replace its counties for statistical purposes.
As of January 1, 2020, gasoline taxes and fees in Connecticut were 40.13 cents per gallon, which was the 11th highest in the United States.
As of January 2020, diesel taxes and fees in Connecticut were 46.50 cents per gallon, the ninth-highest nationally.
Raytheon Technologies was formed in March 2020 through the merger of United Technologies and Raytheon Co.
According to a 2020 Public Religion Research Institute survey, 71% of Connecticut's population identified as some form of Christian. The survey found the state to be 21% non-religious, 19% white mainline Protestant, 19% white Catholic, 9% white evangelical Protestant, 7% black Protestant, and 7% Hispanic Catholic. Jewish citizens represented 2% of the population, while Hindus, Buddhists, and Muslims each accounted for 1%.
As of 2020, Connecticut's Gini coefficient was 0.50, tied with California and Massachusetts for the second highest (after New York). Hartford is the poorest municipality in Connecticut, with a per capita income of $16,798 in 2020.
As of 2020, Ned Lamont holds the position of Governor and Susan Bysiewicz is the Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut; both are members of the Democratic party.
As of 2020, Richard A. Robinson is the Chief Justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court.
As of the 2020 United States census, Connecticut has a population of 3,605,944.
As of the 2020 census, Non-Hispanic whites have declined to 63% of the population in Connecticut.
In 2020, Hurricane Isaias impacted Connecticut.
In the spring of 2020, economists expected record new levels of layoffs as a result of business closures due to the coronavirus pandemic.
As of 2021, Connecticut's United States Senators are Richard Blumenthal and Chris Murphy, both of whom are Democrats.
As of 2021, Matthew Ritter is the Speaker of the House of Representatives in Connecticut's General Assembly.
As of 2021, several infill stations are planned to be added in the near future for the Hartford Line.
According to HUD's 2022 Annual Homeless Assessment Report, there were an estimated 2,930 homeless people in Connecticut.
As of 2022, approximately 58% of registered voters in Connecticut are enrolled in a political party, with the Democratic Party being the largest at 36%, followed by the Republican Party at 21%.
In 2022, Connecticut's adjusted per capita personal income was estimated at $77,940, which was the third-highest among all states.
In 2022, the total gross state product for Connecticut was $321.7 billion.
The Census Bureau approved the proposal to replace counties with the Councils of Governments in 2022.
In 2023, the total gross state product for Connecticut was $345.9 billion.
Although the eight counties are still used for geographical and statistical purposes, census reporting will cease using the counties in 2024.
As of 2024, Connecticut has more than 3.6 million residents, making it the 29th most populous state and fourth among the most densely populated U.S. states.
As of 2024, Connecticut's U.S. Senators, U.S. House representatives, Governor, Lt. Governor, Attorney General, and Secretary of State are all members of the Democratic Party.
The proposal to replace counties with Councils of Governments for statistical purposes will be fully implemented by 2024.
As of 2025, Connecticut remained tied for second with Louisiana, with only New York having higher levels of inequality.
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