Virginia, a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the U.S., lies between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. Bordered by Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, West Virginia, and Maryland, its capital is Richmond, and its most populous city is Virginia Beach. With 8.8 million residents, it ranks as the twelfth-most populous and fifteenth-most densely populated state. Northern Virginia is home to over a third of the state's population, including Fairfax County, the most populous jurisdiction.
In 1902, the state constitution was rewritten to include a poll tax and other voter registration measures that effectively disenfranchised most African Americans and many poor whites.
Between 1905 and 1948, voter turnout in Virginia was regularly below ten percent.
Virginia has been an employment-at-will state since 1906.
In 1907, Newport News Shipbuilding started building 38 warships for the U.S. Navy.
In July 1919, a homecoming parade to honor African-American troops was attacked by the city's police as part of a renewed white-supremacy movement, known as Red Summer.
By 1923, Newport News Shipbuilding completed building 38 warships for the U.S. Navy.
While the state seal was designed in 1776 and the flag was first used in the 1830s, both were made official in 1930.
Due to the 1932 Byrd Road Act, the state government controls most of Virginia's roads.
The Old Time Fiddlers' Convention in Galax, begun in 1935, is one of the oldest and largest such events worldwide.
In 1940, "Carry Me Back to Old Virginny" was named the state song of Virginia.
Virginia has been a "right to work" state since 1947.
Between 1905 and 1948, voter turnout in Virginia was regularly below ten percent.
The Barter Theatre in Abingdon, designated the State Theatre of Virginia, won the first Regional Theatre Tony Award in 1948.
In 1951, high-school student Barbara Rose Johns started a strike at her underfunded and segregated school in Prince Edward County.
From 1952 to 2004, Virginia voted for Republican presidential candidates in thirteen out of fourteen presidential elections.
In 1954, the Supreme Court rejected the doctrine of "separate but equal" in Brown v. Board of Education, a case that included the lawsuit from Prince Edward County.
In 1956, the segregationist establishment reacted with a strategy called "massive resistance", and the General Assembly passed laws that cut off funding to local schools that desegregated.
On February 2, 1959, Black students integrated schools in Arlington and Norfolk, where they were known as the Norfolk 17.
In June 1959, rather than integrate, county leaders in Prince Edward shut down their school system.
In 1960, there were twice as many farms in Virginia as there are today.
In 1961, the Central Intelligence Agency moved to Langley.
In September 1964, the Supreme Court ordered Prince Edward County to reopen and integrate its schools, which finally happened.
In 1964, the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Davis v. Mann ordered an end to malapportionment in Virginia.
In 1964, the federal government passed the Civil Rights Act.
In 1965, the Virginia Supreme Court decision in Wilkins v. Davis ordered an end to malapportionment in Virginia.
In 1965, the Voting Rights Act made Virginia one of nine states required to receive federal approval for changes to voting laws.
Since 1965, there has been a reverse migration of Blacks returning south, after the Great Migration to northern industrial cities in the first half of the 20th century.
In 1967, the Supreme Court struck down the state's ban on interracial marriage with Loving v. Virginia.
From 1968 to 2004, Virginia voted for Republican presidential candidates in ten elections in a row.
In 1968, Governor Mills Godwin called a commission to rewrite the state constitution.
In 1969, the deadliest natural disaster in Virginia was Hurricane Camille, which killed over 150 people mainly in inland Nelson County.
Around 1970, rural southern and western areas of Virginia moved to support the Republican Party in response to its "southern strategy".
In 1970, voters approved the seventh Constitution of Virginia.
In July 1971, the seventh Constitution of Virginia, which had been approved by voters in 1970, went into effect.
In 1971, many Jim Crow provisions were removed in Virginia's constitution, but the lifetime ban on voting for felony convictions remained.
In 1971, the new state constitution, which banned discrimination and removed articles that violated federal law, passed in a referendum and went into effect.
Since 1980, the majority of women in Virginia have supported Democratic presidential candidates. Also the proportion of eligible voters born outside the state has increased from 44% in 1980 to 55% in 2019.
In 1981, English was passed as the Commonwealth's official language by statutes.
In 1982, Virginia resumed capital punishment, and subsequently executed 113 people.
Since 1982, the state has banned uranium mining due to environmental and public health concerns.
In 1987, a moratorium was placed on cities like Norfolk and Portsmouth annexing land from adjoining counties.
In 1989, Douglas Wilder became the first African American elected as governor in the United States.
In 1989, three percent of Virginia's public schools were rated as "intensely segregated" by The Civil Rights Project at UCLA.
In 1990, non-Hispanic whites made up 76% of the population in Virginia.
In 1992, Bobby Scott became the first Black congressman from Virginia since 1888.
In 1992, the native Appalachian cottontail was recognized as a distinct species of rabbit.
Since 1993, Virginia has had eleven U.S. House of Representatives seats, and control of the majority has flipped four times.
The Hokies football team sustained a 27-year bowl streak between 1993 and 2019.
The Richmond Kickers of the USL League One have operated since 1993.
In 1995, Virginia ended prisoner parole.
In 1996, English was again passed as the Commonwealth's official language by statutes.
In 1996, the Southern Baptist Conservatives of Virginia split off from the Baptist General Association of Virginia.
In 1997, "Carry Me Back to Old Virginny" was retired as the state song due to its references to slavery.
Since 1998, the air quality in Virginia has statistically improved.
21 special sessions have been called in Virginia since 2000, typically for legislation on preselected issues.
From 2000 to 2010, Virginia's Hispanic population rose by 92%.
Virginia hit peak car usage before the year 2000, making it one of the first such states.
On September 11, 2001, the Pentagon in Arlington was struck by a hijacked plane.
From 1952 to 2004, Virginia voted for Republican presidential candidates in thirteen out of fourteen presidential elections.
James Madison Dukes football won FCS NCAA Championships in 2004.
Computer chips became Virginia's highest-grossing export in 2006.
In 2007, a mass shooting occurred at Virginia Tech.
Between 2008 and 2017, arrests for drug-related crimes in Virginia rose 38%, with 71% related to marijuana.
In 2008, Virginia became the first U.S. state to mandate the HPV vaccine for girls for school attendance.
In the 2008 presidential election, Virginia was considered a "swing state," and the state's thirteen electoral votes were carried by Democratic candidates.
Between 2009 and 2023, suicides in Virginia increased by over 14%.
In 2009, before Glenn Youngkin's victory in 2021, it was the last time a republican won the governor's race.
The Signature Theatre in Arlington won the Regional Theatre Tony Award in 2009.
In January 2010, Virginia banned smoking in bars and restaurants, leading to a decline in the percentage of tobacco smokers in the state.
From 2000 to 2010, Virginia's Hispanic population rose by 92%.
In 2010, the Double-A Richmond Flying Squirrels began playing at The Diamond.
The 2020 census reported an increase of 7.9% in state resident population since the 2010 census.
On August 23, 2011, an earthquake with a magnitude of 5.8 struck central Virginia.
In 2013, 21% of Virginians were unaffiliated with any particular religious body. Belief in God in the South region was at 93% from 2013 to 2017.
In 2013, Terry McAuliffe broke the trend of Virginians electing governors of the party opposite the U.S. president.
In 2013, the system for including states under the Voting Rights Act was struck down.
Since 2013, Virginia has had a negative net migration rate.
In 2014, a BBC America study ranked the Piedmont region's non-rhotic dialect as one of the most identifiable accents in American English.
In March 2015, Virginia's government named "Our Great Virginia" as the traditional state song and "Sweet Virginia Breeze" as the popular state song.
A 2015 poll showed that 34% of Virginians were fans of the Virginia Cavaliers and 28% were fans of the rival Virginia Tech Hokies.
In January 2016, a blizzard created the state's highest recorded one-day snowfall of 36.6 inches (93 cm) near Bluemont.
In 2016, Governor Terry McAuliffe ended the lifetime ban and individually restored voting rights to over 200,000 ex-felons. Also, Virginia moved from being ranked as the second most difficult state to vote.
In 2016, Northern Virginia became the world's largest data center market.
In 2016, Virginia was the only former Confederate state to vote for the Democrats in the presidential election.
James Madison Dukes football won FCS NCAA Championships in 2016.
In August 2017, a white supremacist drove his car into protesters, killing one.
Between 2008 and 2017, arrests for drug-related crimes in Virginia rose 38%, with 71% related to marijuana.
From 2013 to 2017, belief in God in the South region, of which Virginia is a part, was at 93% of respondents in Gallup surveys.
In 2017, Democrats held the three executive offices with Ralph Northam winning the race for governor. Democrats flipped fifteen of the Republicans' previous sixteen-seat majority in concurrent House of Delegates elections.
In 2017, a proposed $220 million NBA arena in Virginia Beach lost the support of the city council.
Of the 144,431 registered non-farm businesses in Virginia in 2017, 59.4% were majority male-owned, 22% were majority female-owned, 19.6% were majority minority-owned, and 8.9% were veteran-owned.
The Blue Ridge Rock Festival has operated since 2017, bringing as many as 33,000 concert-goers to the Blue Ridge Amphitheater in Pittsylvania County.
As of 2018, Virginia's state government employed over 106,000 public employees with a median income of $52,401.
As of 2018, the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) owns and operates 57,867 miles of roads in the state.
As of 2018, the most circulated native newspapers in Virginia were The Virginian-Pilot, Richmond Times-Dispatch, and The Roanoke Times.
In 2018, Amazon selected Crystal City for its HQ2.
In 2018, Virginia's prison system incarcerated 30,936 people, and the state had the sixteenth-highest rate of incarceration in the country. Virginia also had the fourth-lowest violent crime rate and the thirteenth-lowest property crime rate in 2018.
In 2018, control of the House of Delegates came down to a tied election in the 94th district, which the Republican won by a drawing of lots, giving the party a slim 51–49 majority in the 2018–19 legislative sessions.
In western Virginia, Roanoke city and Montgomery County both surpassed a population of 100,000 since 2018.
According to the 2019 American Community Survey, traffic on Virginia's roads is among the worst in the nation.
As of 2019, Virginia's recidivism rate for released felons re-convicted within three years and sentenced to a year or more was 23.1%, the lowest in the country.
Following an expansion of Medicare in 2019, the rate of uninsured Virginians dropped to 6.4% in 2024.
In 2019, Loudoun United FC, the reserve team of D.C. United, debuted in the USL Championship.
In 2019, USA Today's daily subscription number declined significantly from over 500,000, but Gannett, Inc. merged with GateHouse Media.
In 2019, a mass shooting occurred in Virginia Beach.
In 2019, daily ridership on VRE was over 18,000.
In 2019, federal courts found that eleven House district lines, including the 94th, were unconstitutionally drawn to discriminate against African Americans. Democrats won full control of the General Assembly following adjusted districts.
In 2019, seven percent of Virginia's public schools were rated as "intensely segregated". Also, Non-white districts average slightly more funding, $255 per student than majority white districts
In 2019, the Virginia State Police comprised 3,035 sworn and civilian members, marking it as the largest law enforcement agency in Virginia.
In 2019, there were over 171.9 million public transit trips in Virginia, with over 62% on the Washington Metro transit system.
Since 1980, the proportion of eligible voters born outside the state has increased from 44% in 1980 to 55% in 2019.
The Hokies football team sustained a 27-year bowl streak between 1993 and 2019, and the overall UVA men's athletics programs won the national Capital One Cup in 2019.
In early April 2020, the COVID-19 recession caused jobless claims to soar over 10%.
In June 2020, protests that were part of the larger Black Lives Matter movement brought about the removal of Confederate statues.
In July 2020, Virginia decriminalized marijuana.
According to the 2020 ARDA census, 8.4% of Virginians attend nondenominational Christian churches.
As of 2020, 10.5% of Virginia's total population described themselves as Hispanic or Latino, and 8.8% as Asian.
As of 2020, Virginia had the eighth-highest percentage of residents with bachelor's degrees or higher, at 41.5%.
As of 2020, Virginia has the third highest concentration of technology workers and the fifth highest overall number among U.S. states, with 451,268 tech jobs accounting for 11.1% of all jobs in the state.
As of 2020, about twelve percent of Virginia's residents were born outside the United States.
As of 2020, commercial fishing supports 18,220 jobs in Virginia, while recreation fishing supports another 5,893.
As of 2020, the Hampton Roads region has the state's highest per capita number of homeless individuals, with 11 per 10,000.
As of 2020, there were 595 FCC-licensed FM radio stations and 239 AM stations broadcasting in Virginia.
Based on data as of 2020, Virginia is home to 204,131 separate employers plus 644,341 sole proprietorships.
In 2020, Falls Church and Loudoun County were ranked in the top ten healthiest communities by U.S. News & World Report.
In 2020, Virginia had 125,648 active-duty personnel, 25,404 reservists, and 99,832 civilians working directly for the U.S. Department of Defense. Defense contracting firms received $44.8 billion in contracts during the 2020 fiscal year.
In 2020, Virginia moved to the twelfth easiest state to vote from second most difficult.
In 2020, more than 72 million tons of non-fuel resources, such as slate, kyanite, sand, or gravel, were mined in Virginia.
In 2020, non-Hispanic whites declined to 58.6% of the population in Virginia.
In 2020, the U.S. Census Bureau found that only 0.5% of Virginians were exclusively American Indian or Alaska Native, though 2.1% were in some combination with other ethnicities.
In 2020, voters passed a referendum to give control of drawing both state and congressional districts to a commission of citizens and legislators.
In July 2021, Virginia legalized marijuana.
As of 2021, 32.2% of adults and 14.9% of 10- to 17-year-olds in Virginia were obese.
As of 2021, Virginia is the country's third-largest producer of seafood.
As of 2021, agriculture occupies 30% of the land in Virginia with 7.7 million acres of farmland.
As of 2021, forests covered 62% of Virginia.
As of 2021, the median age in Virginia was the same as the national average of 38.8 years old.
As of 2021, the overall median real estate tax rate in Virginia was $0.96 per $100 of assessed taxable value.
As of the 2021–22 school year, K–12 teachers in Virginia made an annual average of $59,970, which is thirteen-lowest in the U.S. when adjusted for the state's cost of living.
In 2021, Glenn Youngkin became the first Republican to win the governor's race since 2009. His party also won the races for lieutenant governor and attorney general and gained seven seats in the House of Delegates.
In 2021, USA Today's daily subscription number declined to just over 180,000, but was still the third-most circulated paper nationwide.
In 2021, the Voting Rights Act of Virginia was passed, requiring preclearance from the state Attorney General for local election changes.
In 2021, the seaports in Hampton Roads carried 61,505,700 short tons of total cargo.
In 2021, the state made community college free for most low- and middle-income students.
Virginia ranks near the middle of U.S. states in terms of public spending on the arts as of 2021, at just over half of the national average.
Virginia's Court of Appeals increased from 11 to 17 judges in 2021.
According to U.S. Census data as of 2022, 83% of Virginia residents aged five and older speak English at home as a first language.
As of 2022, eighteen of the hundred highest-income counties in the United States are located in Northern Virginia.
As of 2022, the Hampton Roads area was the 44th-largest media market in the United States, the Richmond-Petersburg area was 56th, and Roanoke-Lynchburg was 71st according to Nielsen Media Research.
As of the 2022–23 school year, Virginia's K–7 schools had a student–teacher ratio of 12.41:1, and 12.52:1 for grades 8–12.
Based on data from 2022, Virginia ranked as the eighth most visited state and had 745,000 international visitors, with 41% coming from Canada.
During the 2021–2022 school year, Virginia's 23 community colleges enrolled 199,926 degree-seeking students.
During the 2022-2023 winter season much of Virginia had no measurable snow.
In 2022, 92.1% of high school students in Virginia graduated on-time after four years, and 91.3% of adults over the age 25 had their high school diploma.
In 2022, approximately 714,100 Virginians were directly employed by government agencies, constituting almost 17% of the state's total employment.
In 2022, belief in God in the South region, of which Virginia is a part, declined to 86% in Gallup surveys.
In 2022, the Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology was the top-rated high school in the country.
In 2022, the estimated export value of computer chips was $740 million.
In the 2022 U.S. News & World Report ranking of national public universities, the University of Virginia is ranked 3rd, the College of William and Mary is 13th, Virginia Tech is 23rd, George Mason University is 65th, James Madison University is 72nd, and Virginia Commonwealth University is 83rd.
In the 2022–2023 school year, 176,623 high school students participated in sports managed by the Virginia High School League.
Soybeans were the most profitable single crop in Virginia in 2022.
The 2022–2023 season saw the largest harvest of eastern oysters in 35 years with around 700,000 US bushels.
Virginia's average per capita income in 2022 was $68,211.
In January 2023, Virginia lowered the sales tax on groceries from 2.5% to 1%, and the items covered by this lower rate were also extended to include essential personal hygiene goods.
In December 2023, a report by the General Assembly found that all nine public mental health care facilities in Virginia were over 95% full, causing overcrowding and delays in admissions.
A warm winter and a dry summer made the 2023 wine harvest one of the best for vineyards in the Northern Neck and along the Blue Ridge Mountains.
As of 2023, Virginia has a median household income of $89,931.
As of 2023, data centers in Virginia handled around one-third of all internet traffic and directly employed 13,500 Virginians, supporting 45,000 total jobs.
As of 2023, the men's and women's college basketball programs of the Cavaliers, VCU Rams, and Old Dominion Monarchs had combined for 66 regular season conference championships and 49 conference tournament championships.
As of 2023, there were 88 hospitals in Virginia with a combined 17,024 hospital beds. Also in 2023, VCU Medical Center opened a new 16-story children's hospital.
As of the 2023–24 academic year, 1,261,962 students were enrolled in 2,254 local and regional schools in Virginia.
Catholics accounted for 16% of the population in the 2023 PRRI survey.
During the 2022-2023 winter season much of Virginia had no measurable snow.
In 2023, George Mason University had the largest on-campus enrollment at 40,390 students.
In 2023, a proposal to move the NBA's Washington Wizards and the NHL's Washington Capitals to Alexandria was canceled after opposition in the Virginia Senate.
In 2023, jobless claims due to soar over 10% in early April 2020 due to the COVID-19 recession, returning to pre-pandemic levels.
In 2023, the percentage of tobacco smokers in Virginia had declined to 12.1%, down from 19% in 2010.
In 2023, the state minimum wage in Virginia increased to $12.
In 2023, tourists spent a record $33.3 billion in Virginia, a 10% increase from the previous year.
In the 2022–2023 school year, 176,623 high school students participated in sports managed by the Virginia High School League.
The 2023 Public Religion Research Institute (PRRI) survey estimated that 55% of Virginians either seldom or never attend religious services and that the percent of Virginians unaffiliated with any particular religious body had increased from 21% in 2013 to 29% in 2023.
The most recent elections for Virginia senators took place in 2023.
In February 2024, Virginia Railway Express (VRE) experienced a dramatic decline in ridership, dropping to 6,864 daily riders.
Virginia held its presidential open primary election on Super Tuesday, March 5, 2024, the same day as fourteen other states.
In March 2024, Amtrak routes in Virginia passed their pre-pandemic levels and served 123,658 passengers.
In May 2024, median home prices in Northern Virginia were 44.8% higher than the national average, at $760,000.
As of 2024, 145 youth soccer clubs operate in the Virginia Youth Soccer Association.
As of 2024, 62.9% of adolescents in Virginia have received the HPV vaccine.
As of 2024, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has 210 congregations in Virginia.
As of 2024, Virginia has the seventh-highest number of wineries in the nation, with 388 producing 1.1 million cases a year.
As of 2024, roughly 17.1% of land in the Commonwealth is protected by federal, state, and local governments and non-profits.
As of 2024, twenty-four Fortune 500 companies are headquartered in Virginia, with the largest companies by revenue being Freddie Mac, Boeing, RTX Corporation, Performance Food Group, and Capital One.
In 2024, CNBC ranked Virginia as their Top State for Business, while Oxfam America ranked Virginia as the 26th-best state to work in.
In 2024, Virginia was ranked best for its physical environment but 15th for overall health outcomes and 23rd for residents' healthy behaviors by the United Health Foundation.
In 2024, Virginia was the only former Confederate state to vote for the Democrats in the presidential election.
In 2024, about 68.4% of workers in Virginia reported driving alone to work.
In 2024, twelve tornadoes touched down in the Commonwealth.
Noah Lyles, winner of the 100 meter dash at the 2024 Olympics, grew up in Alexandria.
In August 2025, the unemployment rate in Virginia was 3.6%, which was the 15th-lowest nationwide.
The most recent elections for Virginia Delegates and Executive Department will take place in November 2025.
As of 2025, an estimated 238 million Chesapeake blue crabs live in the bay.
In 2025, 99.6% of businesses in Virginia were small businesses.
In 2025, Democrat Abigail Spanberger won the 2025 Virginia gubernatorial election, becoming the first female governor of Virginia.
Current plans call for 30% of the Commonwealth's electricity to be renewable by 2030.
Current plans call for all of the Commonwealth's electricity to be carbon-free by 2050.
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