Trains are a connected series of vehicles traveling on railway tracks to transport people or freight. Locomotives typically pull or push them, although some, like multiple units or railcars, are self-propelled. Railroad cars, also called wagons or carriages, carry passengers and cargo. Trains are built to a specific gauge, the distance between rails. Steel tracks and wheels with low friction make trains efficient. Rail transport is common in many countries.
1900: Global Expansion of Railroads
By 1900, railroads were present on every continent except Antarctica, marking a significant milestone in global transportation.
1903: Electric Locomotives Prove Viable
In 1903, tests of electric locomotives on the Royal Prussian Military Railway demonstrated their viability and set speed records exceeding 160 kilometers per hour (100 mph).
1933: The "Flying Hamburger" Debuts
The German "Flying Hamburger" debuted in 1933, marking a key advancement in diesel locomotive technology.
1939: The American EMD FT Emerges
The influential American EMD FT diesel locomotive was introduced in 1939, further demonstrating the superiority of diesel over steam.
1945: Post-War Railroad Reconstruction
Following World War II in 1945, nations began rebuilding and modernizing their damaged railroad networks, transitioning to diesel and electric power.
1964: Shinkansen: The First High-Speed Rail
The Japanese Shinkansen, the first high-speed train, opened in 1964, ushering in a new era of rail travel.
1964: Shinkansen: The First High-Speed Rail
The Japanese Shinkansen, the world's first high-speed rail service, began operations in 1964, revolutionizing passenger travel.
1980: Decline of Steam Locomotives
By 1980, most steam locomotives worldwide were retired, marking a shift towards diesel and electric power.
1984: First Commercial Maglev Train
The first commercial maglev train, an airport shuttle, was introduced at Birmingham Airport in England in 1984.
2000: Acela: High-Speed Rail in the Americas
Amtrak's Acela, the first high-speed train in the Americas, entered service in 2000.
2000: Train Safety Record Analysis (2000-2009)
Between 2000 and 2009, train travel in the United States had a safety record comparable to air travel but significantly better than car travel.
2002: Shanghai Maglev: Fastest Commercial Train
The Shanghai maglev train, opened in 2002, became the fastest commercial train service, reaching speeds up to 431 km/h (268 mph).
2005: China's Final Steam Locomotives Retired
China, the last country to fully dieselize, retired its final mainline steam locomotives in Inner Mongolia in 2005.
2008: Efficiency of Rail Freight
As of 2008, railroads in the United States demonstrated high fuel efficiency in freight transportation, moving a ton of freight an average of 702 kilometers (436 mi) per gallon of fuel.
2009: Train Safety Record Analysis (2000-2009)
Between 2000 and 2009, train travel in the United States had a safety record comparable to air travel but significantly better than car travel.
2013: Lac-Mégantic Rail Disaster
The Lac-Mégantic rail disaster in Canada in 2013, which killed 47 people, highlighted the risks associated with oil train derailments.
2019: Maglev's Limited Use in Mass Transit
As of 2019, maglev technology had not yet been widely adopted for inter-city mass transit routes, despite its speed capabilities.