Arson is the deliberate act of setting fire to property, encompassing buildings, vehicles, and natural areas. It's classified as a felony, with harsher penalties for endangering lives or property, and can lead to manslaughter or murder charges if deaths occur. A common motive is insurance fraud, where individuals burn their property and falsely claim the cause to collect insurance money.
The Crimes (Amendment) Ordinance 1972 in Hong Kong mirrored the English Criminal Damage Act 1971, including provisions for arson with a maximum penalty of life imprisonment.
The Esperanza Fire, a devastating wildfire in Southern California in 2006, led to the death of five firefighters. Raymond Lee Oyler was convicted of murder and sentenced to death for arson, marking a significant legal precedent.
The series of arson attacks began in 2014, orchestrated by a group using methods like chicken in boiling oil to simulate cooking accidents for insurance fraud.
In July 2016, the Myanmar Penal Code was amended to increase the punishment for arson on houses and buildings to up to 20 years in prison.
Authorities were tipped off about a planned arson incident in 2018, leading to the investigation known as Operation Firebird and the subsequent arrests.
In 2018, Tyler Chen was convicted on five counts of arson and two counts of insurance fraud, while his wife, Kim Chen, was convicted on two counts of insurance fraud in Santa Clara County.
The perpetrators of the Operation Firebird arson scheme, including Tyler and Kim Chen, Ha Nguyen, Sandy Ngo, Duyen Pham, and Trang Huynh, were convicted in 2019 on various arson and insurance fraud charges.
In 2020, a gender reveal party using a smoke bomb caused the El Dorado Fire in California. This incident, classified as reckless burning, resulted in property damage, a firefighter fatality, and involuntary manslaughter charges for the couple involved.
The 2021 Myanmar coup d'état marked the beginning of a widespread arson campaign by the military against civilian targets.
By August 2022, following the 2021 coup, the Burmese military had reportedly committed arson on over 28,000 houses, highlighting its use of arson as a weapon against civilians.
During the 2023 Dublin riot, arson attacks, particularly targeting vehicles, were reported, adding to the historical record of arson in Ireland.
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