Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder, is characterized by an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) and is its most common cause. Symptoms include rapid heartbeat, weight loss, heat intolerance, anxiety, and digestive issues. A visible sign is an enlarged thyroid (goiter). The disease can also cause eye problems, such as bulging, in 25-30% of cases. This eye condition is called Graves' ophthalmopathy.
In 2013, a review article was published concluding that surgery, particularly total thyroidectomy, is the most effective treatment for Graves' disease.