Brett Kavanaugh is an American lawyer and jurist, currently serving as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Nominated by President Donald Trump, he assumed the role on October 6, 2018. Prior to his Supreme Court appointment, Kavanaugh served as a U.S. circuit judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, a position he held from 2006 to 2018.
In Bostock v. Clayton County, the Supreme Court ruled 6–3 that the workplace nondiscrimination protections in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 should be interpreted as protecting people on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity. Kavanaugh wrote a dissent.
On February 12, 1965, Brett Michael Kavanaugh was born. He is an American lawyer and jurist who currently serves as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
In 1978, Brett Kavanaugh's mother earned a Juris Doctor degree from American University.
Julie Swetnick described attending parties between 1981-1983 where Mark Judge and Brett Kavanaugh were present. She described witnessing efforts by Mark Judge and Brett Kavanaugh to cause girls to become inebriated so they could be gang raped.
In 1983, Brett Kavanaugh graduated from Georgetown Prep and subsequently attended Yale University.
In 1983, Deborah Ramirez alleged that Kavanaugh exposed himself to her and thrust his penis against her face after they had both been drinking at a college party during the 1983–84 academic year.
Julie Swetnick described attending parties between 1981-1983 where Mark Judge and Brett Kavanaugh were present. She described witnessing efforts by Mark Judge and Brett Kavanaugh to cause girls to become inebriated so they could be gang raped.
In 1987, Brett Kavanaugh graduated from Yale University with a Bachelor of Arts cum laude in history.
Since 1988, Brett Kavanaugh has been a member of the Federalist Society.
From 1990 to 1991, Brett Kavanaugh served as a law clerk for Judge Walter King Stapleton of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.
In 1990, Brett Kavanaugh graduated from Yale Law School with a Juris Doctor degree. During his time there, he was a member of the Yale Law Journal and served as a notes editor during his third year.
In 1991, Brett Kavanaugh's clerkship for Judge Walter King Stapleton of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit ended. He subsequently clerked for Judge Alex Kozinski.
From 1991 to 1992, Brett Kavanaugh clerked for Judge Alex Kozinski of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
From 1992 to 1993, Brett Kavanaugh earned a one-year fellowship with the Solicitor General of the United States, Ken Starr.
In 1992, Planned Parenthood v. Casey reaffirmed Roe v. Wade. Kavanaugh noted that Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992), which reaffirmed Roe v. Wade, was "precedent on precedent". According to Kavanaugh, Casey is a key decision about when the Court's precedent may be overturned.
After his Supreme Court clerkship, Brett Kavanaugh reopened an investigation into the 1993 gunshot death of Vincent Foster. After three years, the investigation concluded that Foster had committed suicide.
From 1993 to 1994, Brett Kavanaugh clerked for Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy.
In 1994, Brett Kavanaugh's clerkship for Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy concluded.
In 1995, Brett Kavanaugh's mother began serving as a Maryland Circuit Court judge in Montgomery County, Maryland.
From 1997 to 1998, Brett Kavanaugh worked in private practice.
From 1997 to 1998, Kavanaugh was an associate at the law firm Kirkland & Ellis.
Until 1997, after his Supreme Court clerkship, Kavanaugh worked for Ken Starr as an Associate Counsel in the Office of the Independent Counsel.
In September 1998, the Starr Report, principally authored by Kavanaugh, on the Bill Clinton–Monica Lewinsky sex scandal was released, arguing for Clinton's impeachment.
From 1997 to 1998, Kavanaugh was an associate at the law firm Kirkland & Ellis.
In 1998, Kavanaugh rejoined Starr as an Associate Counselor. In Swidler & Berlin v. United States (1998), Kavanaugh argued his first and only case before the Supreme Court, asking the Court to disregard attorney–client privilege in relation to the investigation of Foster's death; the court rejected Kavanaugh's arguments by a vote of 6–3.
In 1999, Kavanaugh rejoined Kirkland & Ellis, eventually becoming a partner.
In December 2000, Kavanaugh joined the legal team of George W. Bush, which was trying to stop the ballot recount in Florida.
In 2000, while at Kirkland & Ellis, Kavanaugh authored two amicus briefs to the Supreme Court that supported religious activities and expressions in public places: Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe and Good News Club v. Milford Central School.
While at Kirkland & Ellis in 2000, Kavanaugh was pro bono counsel of record for relatives of Elián González, a six-year-old rescued Cuban boy, unsuccessfully seeking to stop efforts to repatriate González to Cuba.
In January 2001, after Bush became president, Kavanaugh was hired as an associate White House counsel.
In 2001, Brett Kavanaugh's mother ended her term as a Maryland Circuit Court judge in Montgomery County, Maryland, a position she had held since 1995.
In 2002, Kavanaugh told other White House lawyers that he believed Supreme Court justice Anthony Kennedy would not approve of denying legal counsel to prisoners detained as enemy combatants.
Starting in July 2003, Brett Kavanaugh served as Assistant to the President and White House staff secretary, succeeding Harriet Miers.
On July 25, 2003, President George W. Bush nominated Kavanaugh to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, but his nomination stalled in the Senate for nearly three years.
In 2003, Brett Kavanaugh stated in an email that he was unsure if all legal scholars referred to Roe v. Wade as settled law at the Supreme Court level, as the Court could always overrule its precedent. He clarified that he was commenting on the views of legal scholars at the time, not his own, and acknowledged the case had been reaffirmed since 2003.
In 2003, Brett Kavanaugh was nominated by President George W. Bush to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. His confirmation hearings were contentious and stalled for three years.
Two law professors evaluated Kavanaugh's appellate court decisions for the Washington Post, rating his decisions in four areas and found he had the most conservative voting record on the D.C. Circuit in three of those policy areas, and the second-most in the fourth, between 2003 and 2018.
In 2004, Kavanaugh married Ashley Estes, the personal secretary to former president George W. Bush.
On May 11, 2006, the Senate Judiciary Committee recommended Brett Kavanaugh be confirmed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit on a 10–8 party-line vote.
In May 2006, Brett Kavanaugh was confirmed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit.
In May 2006, at his confirmation hearing to the District of Columbia Circuit, Kavanaugh stated that he was a registered Republican.
In 2006, Brett Kavanaugh became a U.S. circuit judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.
In 2006, the American Bar Association downgraded Kavanaugh's rating from 'well qualified' to 'qualified'.
In October 2012, Kavanaugh wrote for a unanimous court when it found that the Constitution's Ex Post Facto Clause made it unlawful for the government to prosecute Salim Hamdan under the Military Commissions Act of 2006 on charges of providing material support for terrorism.
In July 2007, senators Patrick Leahy and Dick Durbin accused Kavanaugh of lying to the Judiciary Committee when he denied being involved in formulating the Bush administration's detention and interrogation policies.
In 2007, Kavanaugh taught Constitutional Interpretation at Georgetown University Law Center.
In 2007, in Doe v. Exxon Mobil Corp., Kavanaugh dissented when the circuit court allowed a lawsuit making accusations of ExxonMobil human rights violations in Indonesia to proceed, arguing that the claims were not justiciable. He dissented again when the circuit court later found that the corporation could be sued under the Alien Tort Statute of 1789.
In August 2008, Kavanaugh dissented when the D.C. Circuit found that the Constitution's Appointments Clause did not prevent the Sarbanes–Oxley Act from creating a board whose members were not directly removable by the president.
In 2008, Kavanaugh began teaching full-term courses on separation of powers at Harvard Law School. He was also hired as a visiting professor by Elena Kagan, then the dean of Harvard Law School.
In October 2011, Kavanaugh dissented when the circuit court found that a ban on the sale of semi-automatic rifles was permissible under the Second Amendment. This case followed the landmark Supreme Court ruling District of Columbia v. Heller in 2008.
In April 2009, Kavanaugh wrote a long concurrence when the court found that detainees at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp had no right to advance notice before being transferred to another country.
In 2009, Brian Bennett, writing for Time magazine, cited Kavanaugh's 2009 Minnesota Law Review article defending the president's immunity from prosecution while in office.
In 2009, Kavanaugh was named the Samuel Williston Lecturer on Law at Harvard Law School.
In 2009, Kavanaugh wrote an article for the Minnesota Law Review arguing that Congress should exempt U.S. presidents from civil lawsuits while in office.
In June 2010, Kavanaugh wrote a concurrence in judgment when the en banc D.C. Circuit found that the Al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory owners could not bring a defamation suit regarding the government's allegations that they were terrorists.
In August 2010, Kavanaugh wrote a lengthy concurrence when the en banc circuit refused to rehear Ghaleb Nassar Al Bihani's rejected claims that the international law of war limits the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists.
In November 2010, Kavanaugh dissented from the denial of rehearing en banc after the circuit found that attaching a Global Positioning System tracking device to a vehicle violated the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
In 2010, Kavanaugh ran the Boston Marathon. His bib bore a non-qualifying number.
In Free Enterprise Fund v. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (2010), the Supreme Court reversed the circuit court's judgment by a vote of 5–4.
In October 2011, Kavanaugh dissented when the circuit court found that a ban on the sale of semi-automatic rifles was permissible under the Second Amendment.
In November 2011, Kavanaugh dissented when the D.C. Circuit upheld the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), arguing that the court lacked jurisdiction in the case.
In 2011, Kavanaugh taught National Security and Foreign Relations Law at Yale Law School.
In March 2012, Kavanaugh wrote the opinion in Coalition for Mercury-Free Drugs v. Sebelius, holding that opponents of thimerosal-preserved vaccines lacked standing to challenge determinations by the Food and Drug Administration that vaccines and their components are safe and effective.
In October 2012, Kavanaugh wrote for a unanimous court when it found that the Constitution's Ex Post Facto Clause made it unlawful for the government to prosecute Salim Hamdan under the Military Commissions Act of 2006 on charges of providing material support for terrorism.
In 2012, the Supreme Court affirmed the circuit's judgment in United States v. Jones, a case where Kavanaugh had dissented from the denial of rehearing en banc in November 2010.
In 2013, Kavanaugh issued an extraordinary writ of mandamus requiring the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to process the license application of the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository, over the dissent of Judge Merrick Garland.
In April 2014, Kavanaugh dissented when the court found that Labor Secretary Tom Perez could issue workplace safety citations against SeaWorld regarding the multiple killings of its workers by Tilikum, an orca.
From 2014 Kavanaugh taught courses on the Supreme Court at Harvard Law School.
In 2014, Kavanaugh concurred in the judgment when the en banc D.C. Circuit found that the Free Speech Clause did not forbid the government from requiring meatpackers to include a country of origin label on their products.
In 2014, Kavanaugh concurred in the judgment when the en banc circuit found that Ali al-Bahlul could be retroactively convicted of war crimes, provided the existing statute already made it a crime "because it does not alter the definition of the crime, the defenses or the punishment".
In 2014, after a unanimous panel found that the ACA did not violate the Constitution's Origination Clause in Sissel v. United States Department of Health & Human Services (2014), Kavanaugh wrote a long dissent from the denial of rehearing en banc.
In 2014, the Supreme Court reversed Kavanaugh's decision on a Clean Air Act regulation in EPA v. EME Homer City Generation, L.P. by a vote of 6–2. Also in 2014, the Supreme Court reversed Kavanaugh's dissent from the denial of rehearing en banc of a unanimous panel opinion upholding the agency's regulation of greenhouse gas emissions in Utility Air Regulatory Group v. Environmental Protection Agency by a vote of 5–4.
In May 2015, Brett Kavanaugh dissented from a decision that denied an en banc rehearing of Priests for Life v. HHS, in which the panel upheld the ACA's contraceptive mandate accommodations against Priests for Life's Religious Freedom Restoration Act claims.
In 2015, Kavanaugh found that those directly regulated by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) could challenge the constitutionality of its design.
In 2015, Kavanaugh ran the Boston Marathon. His bib bore a non-qualifying number.
In 2015, in Klayman v. Obama, Kavanaugh concurred when the circuit court denied an en banc rehearing of its decision to vacate a district court order blocking the National Security Agency's warrantless bulk collection of telephony metadata, writing that the metadata collection was not a search.
In 2015, the Supreme Court reversed Kavanaugh's dissent from a per curiam decision allowing the agency to disregard cost–benefit analysis in Michigan v. EPA by a vote of 5–4.
Kavanaugh taught courses on separation of powers at Harvard Law School until 2015.
In February 2016, Kavanaugh dissented when the en banc circuit refused to rehear police officers' rejected claims of qualified immunity for arresting partygoers in a vacant house.
In October 2016, Kavanaugh wrote for a divided panel finding that the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's (CFPB) design was unconstitutional, and made the CFPB director removable by the president of the United States.
In October 2016, Kavanaugh wrote the plurality opinion when the en banc circuit found al-Bahlul could be convicted by a military commission even if his offenses are not internationally recognized as war crimes.
Had Barack Obama's nominee Merrick Garland been confirmed in 2016, Stephen Breyer would have become the median swing vote when Kennedy retired.
In 2016, Trump was in the middle of a presidential campaign.
In 2016, in United States Telecom Ass'n v. FCC, Kavanaugh dissented when the en banc circuit refused to rehear a rejected challenge to the net neutrality rule, writing, "Congress did not clearly authorize the FCC to issue the net neutrality rule."
In Zubik v. Burwell (2016), the Supreme Court vacated the circuit's judgment in a per curiam decision.
In April 2017, the Senate voted to invoke cloture, advancing the nomination to a final floor vote by applying the "nuclear option", which uses a simple majority vote instead of the traditional three-fifths supermajority.
In October 2017, in the Garza v. Hargan decision, Kavanaugh joined an unsigned, divided panel of the D.C. Circuit in holding that the Office of Refugee Resettlement does not violate an unaccompanied alien minor's constitutional right to an abortion by requiring that she first be appointed a sponsor before traveling to obtain the abortion.
During his testimony, Kavanaugh said that Kozinski's 2017 exposure as an alleged prolific sexual harasser was a surprising "gut punch".
In 2017, Kavanaugh praised Rehnquist's dissents in Roe v. Wade and Furman v. Georgia during a speech at the American Enterprise Institute.
In January 2018, the en banc D.C. Circuit reversed Kavanaugh's October 2016 judgment regarding the CFPB's design by a vote of 7–3, over Kavanaugh's dissent.
On July 2, 2018, Kavanaugh was one of four U.S. Court of Appeals judges to receive a personal 45-minute interview by President Donald Trump as a potential replacement for Justice Anthony Kennedy.
On July 9, 2018, Brett Kavanaugh was nominated by President Donald Trump to serve as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
In July 2018, the issue of Kavanaugh's involvement in the Bush administration's detention and interrogation policies reemerged after his nomination to the Supreme Court.
In early July 2018, Brett Kavanaugh was shortlisted for the Supreme Court. Around the same time in July 2018, Christine Blasey Ford accused Kavanaugh of sexual assault during their high school years.
On July 30, 2018, Christine Blasey Ford wrote to Senator Dianne Feinstein, informing her of the accusation against Kavanaugh and requesting confidentiality.
On September 4, 2018, the Senate Judiciary Committee commenced public hearings on Kavanaugh's nomination, which were delayed at the onset by objections from the Democratic members about the absence of records of Kavanaugh's time in the George W. Bush administration.
On September 5, 2018, during the first round of questions from senators, Kavanaugh declined to comment on coverage of preexisting healthcare conditions, semiautomatic rifle possession, Roe v. Wade, or the president's power to self-pardon.
In a September 2018 New York Times op-ed, Princeton University history professor Sean Wilentz criticized Kavanaugh for having invested federal money and other resources into investigating partisan conspiracy theories surrounding the cause of Vincent Foster's death.
On September 20, 2018, The Guardian reported that two Yale professors had advised female law students at Yale that their physical appearance and femininity could play a role in securing a clerkship with Kavanaugh. The report led to an investigation, but no cause for sanction was found.
On September 23, 2018, The New Yorker published an article by Ronan Farrow and Jane Mayer featuring an allegation by Deborah Ramirez, who accused Kavanaugh of exposing himself and thrusting his penis against her face at a college party during the 1983–84 academic year.
On October 4, 2018, the White House announced that after reviewing the FBI's probe, they found no corroboration of Ford's allegation against Kavanaugh.
Brett Kavanaugh began serving as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States on October 6, 2018.
On October 9, 2018, Brett Kavanaugh began his tenure as a Supreme Court justice, hearing arguments for Stokeling v. United States and United States v. Stitt.
In December 2018, Brett Kavanaugh joined Roberts and the Court's liberal justices to decline to hear cases seeking to block women from receiving Medicaid-funded medical care from Planned Parenthood clinics.
In December 2018, a special federal panel dismissed eighty-three ethics complaints against Kavanaugh, stating that lower court judges lacked the authority to investigate Supreme Court justices.
From 2014 until 2018, Kavanaugh taught courses on the Supreme Court at Harvard Law School.
In 2018, Kavanaugh's 2009 article on presidential lawsuits garnered attention when he was nominated to the Supreme Court.
In 2018, Kavanaugh's reported salary was $220,600 as a federal judge and $27,000 as a lecturer at Harvard Law School.
In 2018, in a follow-up petition from the Solicitor General of the United States, the U.S. Supreme Court vacated the en banc D.C. Circuit's judgment and the girl's claim was ultimately dismissed as moot and does not serve as precedent.
In 2018, the Supreme Court unanimously reversed the circuit's judgment in District of Columbia v. Wesby, a case where Kavanaugh had dissented when the en banc circuit refused to rehear police officers' rejected claims of qualified immunity in February 2016.
Two law professors evaluated Kavanaugh's appellate court decisions for the Washington Post, rating his decisions in four areas and found he had the most conservative voting record on the D.C. Circuit in three of those policy areas, and the second-most in the fourth, between 2003 and 2018.
On January 8, 2019, Brett Kavanaugh wrote his first Supreme Court opinion in Henry Schein, Inc. v. Archer & White Sales, Inc., a unanimous decision reversing an appeals court opinion.
On February 7, 2019, Brett Kavanaugh was part of the majority in a 5–4 decision rejecting a Muslim prisoner's request to delay his execution in order to have an imam present.
In February 2019, Brett Kavanaugh joined three conservative colleagues in voting to reject a stay of a Louisiana law restricting abortion, issuing a dissenting opinion and indicating willingness to reconsider if warnings from abortion rights groups materialized.
On February 19, 2019, Brett Kavanaugh joined Roberts and the Court's liberal justices in a 6–3 decision blocking the execution of a man with an "intellectual disability" in Texas.
In September 2019, The New York Times reporters Kate Kelly and Robin Pogrebin published "The Education of Brett Kavanaugh: An Investigation," which contained information challenging Ford's account and suggesting pressure on Keyser to conform her story.
Following an investigation into allegations about advising students on clerkships with Kavanaugh, Chua returned to regular teaching in 2019.
In 2019, Kavanaugh voluntarily withdrew from teaching at Harvard for the winter semester, after allegations of sexual misconduct against him.
On June 15, 2020, in Bostock v. Clayton County, Brett Kavanaugh wrote a dissent arguing that sexual orientation discrimination has always been understood as distinct from sex discrimination.
On June 29, 2020, the Supreme Court decided June Medical Services L. L. C. v. Russo, striking down Louisiana's requirement for abortion providers to hold hospital admitting privileges, with Kavanaugh dissenting.
In July 2020, in Trump v. Vance, the Supreme Court ruled in two 7–2 decisions that the Manhattan district attorney could access Trump's tax records, but that the issue of whether Congress could access the same records needed to be processed through the lower courts. Kavanaugh joined the majority.
In October 2020, Brett Kavanaugh agreed with the justices in an "apparently unanimous" decision to deny an appeal brought by Kim Davis, a county clerk who refused to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples.
In November 2020, Brett Kavanaugh was reassigned to both the Sixth Circuit and the Eighth Circuit, having previously been assigned to the Seventh Circuit.
Since the death of Ruth Bader Ginsburg in 2020, Brett Kavanaugh has come to be regarded as a swing vote on the Supreme Court.
In June 2021, Kavanaugh concurred in National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Alston, where the Court ruled college sports were not exempt from antitrust law. Kavanaugh called the NCAA a "massive money-raising enterprise on the backs of student athletes who are not fairly compensated."
In September 2021, Brett Kavanaugh voted with the majority in the Supreme Court to decline an emergency petition to temporarily block enforcement of the Texas Heartbeat Act, which bans nearly all abortions after six weeks of pregnancy.
In November 2021, Kavanaugh voted with the majority of justices in a 6–3 decision to decline to hear an appeal from Mercy San Juan Medical Center, a hospital affiliated with the Roman Catholic Church, which had sought to deny a hysterectomy to a transgender patient on religious grounds.
In January 2022, Brett Kavanaugh voted with the majority in a 5–4 decision to allow an execution to proceed in Alabama.
On June 8, 2022, Sophie Roske traveled from California to Kavanaugh's home in Maryland with plans to break into his home, murder Kavanaugh, and die by suicide. Roske called the police on herself and was arrested.
In June 2022, Brett Kavanaugh joined four justices in voting to completely overturn Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood v. Casey in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization.
In June 2022, Brett Kavanaugh was the target of an assassination plot by a suspect hoping to disrupt rulings in Dobbs and Bruen.
In 2022, Kavanaugh's home was the site of protests following the leak of a draft majority opinion for the Supreme Court case Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization.
In 2023, Brett Kavanaugh wrote the majority opinion in Reed v. Goertz, ruling that Texas death row inmate Rodney Reed could seek DNA testing on evidence in his case despite the state's statute of limitations on such testing.
In 2023, Doug Liman's documentary 'Justice' recounts the sexual assault allegations against Kavanaugh, including the testimony of Ford and Ramirez.
On April 8, 2025, Sophie Roske pleaded guilty to attempted murder of a U.S. Supreme Court justice.
As of May 2025, the film Justice, recounting the sexual assault allegations against Kavanaugh, has yet to be scheduled for a wide release.
On July 2, 2025, the ACLU sued the Trump administration in federal court over the ongoing ICE raids in Los Angeles.
On October 3, 2025, U.S. district judge Deborah Boardman sentenced Sophie Roske to 97 months in prison and a lifetime of supervised release for attempted murder of a U.S. Supreme Court justice.
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