History of Immunization in Timeline

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Immunization

Immunization is the process of strengthening the immune system against infectious agents. It involves exposing the body to foreign molecules (non-self) to trigger an immune response and develop immunological memory within the adaptive immune system. Active immunization involves controlled exposure to an immunogen, enabling the body to learn to protect itself, primarily through T cells, B cells, and antibodies. Memory B and T cells ensure a rapid response upon subsequent encounters with the same foreign molecule. Passive immunization, on the other hand, involves directly introducing these immune elements into the body, rather than stimulating their production.

1962: Vaccination Assistance Act in the United States

In 1962, the Vaccination Assistance Act was established in the United States. Before this act, immunization programs were managed at local and state levels, leading to inconsistent subsidies. This Act led the United States as a whole towards a socially optimal outcome on a larger scale.

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1979: Polio eliminated in the U.S.

In 1979, polio was eliminated in the U.S. due to dedicated healthcare professionals and parents vaccinating children on schedule. However, polio still exists in other parts of the world, posing a risk to unvaccinated individuals, those who did not receive all vaccine doses, and travelers to areas where polio is still prevalent.

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1999: Higher mortality rates from influenza and pneumonia in African Americans compared to European Americans

In 1999, analysis revealed that African Americans died of influenza and pneumonia at higher rates than European Americans.

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2018: Higher mortality rates from influenza and pneumonia in African Americans compared to European Americans

In 2018, analysis revealed that African Americans died of influenza and pneumonia at higher rates than European Americans.

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