Lithium orotate is a salt combining lithium and orotic acid, available as a monohydrate. Unlike other lithium salts, lithium is non-covalently bound to an orotate ion. Marketed as a dietary supplement, its potential therapeutic uses, including treatment for alcoholism and Alzheimer's disease, were explored in research conducted between 1973 and 1986. It dissolves in solution to produce free lithium ions.
From 1973, lithium orotate was researched minimally to treat certain medical conditions, such as alcoholism and Alzheimer's disease.
In 1973, Hans Nieper reported that lithium orotate contained 3.83 mg of elemental lithium per 100 mg, while lithium carbonate contained 18.8 mg of elemental lithium per 100 mg.
In 1976, a study documented that lithium concentrations within the brains of rats were not statistically different between equivalent dosages of lithium from lithium orotate, lithium carbonate, or lithium chloride.
In 1978, a claim was first made regarding the purported ability of lithium orotate to achieve higher serum and brain lithium-ion (Li+) concentrations than those observed from equivalent doses of lithium carbonate.
In 1978, a study showed that eight hours after intraperitoneal injections, brain lithium concentrations of rats were significantly greater after lithium orotate than after lithium carbonate. Also, 24 hours after injection of lithium carbonate, little serum lithium remained, while two-thirds of the 2-hour serum lithium concentration was present 24 hours after lithium orotate. The 24-hour brain concentration of lithium after lithium orotate was approximately three times greater than that after lithium carbonate.
In 1979, concerns were raised regarding the potential amplified renal toxicity of lithium orotate in comparison to lithium carbonate, likely based on the results of the use of excessively high concentrations of lithium orotate in the studies. These concerns led to the halt of clinical application and research of lithium orotate for decades since the 1980s.
Until 1986, lithium orotate was researched minimally to treat certain medical conditions, such as alcoholism and Alzheimer's disease.
In 2022, Pacholko redid the experiment and showed lithium orotate to have a safer kidney profile than lithium carbonate. It also showed that both had an increased TSH only in females, but the increase was lower in the orotate group.
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