Air purifiers are devices designed to enhance indoor air quality by removing contaminants. Marketed particularly towards individuals with allergies and asthma, they aim to alleviate symptoms by filtering out irritants. Air purifiers also target the reduction or elimination of secondhand tobacco smoke, contributing to a healthier living environment.
In 1963, the first residential HEPA filter was reportedly sold by brothers Manfred and Klaus Hammes in Germany, who later founded IQAir corporation.
As of 2005, the most common methods for air purification were high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters and ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI).
In September 2007, the California Air Resources Board announced a ban on indoor air cleaning devices that produce ozone above a legal limit.
In 2010, California's law banning indoor air cleaning devices that produce excessive ozone took effect, requiring testing and certification.
As of 2015, the United States residential air purifier market was estimated at $2 billion per year.
In January 2021, a fluid dynamic modelling study suggested that air purifiers in confined spaces could theoretically enhance viral transmission. However, real-life testing showed portable HEPA/UV air filters completely eliminated airborne SARS-CoV-2 in hospital COVID-19 wards.
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