League of Legends (LoL) is a 2009 free-to-play multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) game developed and published by Riot Games. Inspired by Defense of the Ancients, it focuses on team-based strategy and player skill. Players control characters with unique abilities, battling to destroy the opposing team's base. LoL is monetized through cosmetic purchases and is available on Windows and macOS. It is a leading title in the esports scene.
In 2007, a demonstration of League of Legends built in the Warcraft III game engine was shown at the Game Developers Conference, receiving little interest from potential investors.
On October 7, 2008, League of Legends was announced for Microsoft Windows.
In 2008, Riot Games reached an agreement with Tencent to oversee the game's launch in China.
In April 2009, closed beta-testing for League of Legends began with seventeen champions available.
In October 2009, League of Legends was released as a free-to-play game, monetized through purchasable character customization, and available for Microsoft Windows and macOS.
On October 27, 2009, League of Legends was fully released in North America with 40 champions.
In 2009, League of Legends faced criticism at launch for grindy gameplay for non-paying players, underdeveloped features, and frustrating bugs.
In 2010, at the first Game Developers Choice Awards, League of Legends won four awards: Best Online Technology, Game Design, New Online Game, and Visual Arts.
In 2011, League of Legends won Best Free-to-Play Game at the Golden Joystick Awards.
In March 2013, a Mac version of League of Legends was made available.
In 2013, League of Legends' rate of unlock for champions was described as "a model of generosity", but less than DotA's sequel, Dota 2.
In September 2014, Riot Games rebooted League of Legends' fictional setting, removing summoners from the game's lore to avoid "creative stagnation".
Before 2014, League of Legends players existed in-universe as political leaders, or "Summoners", commanding champions to fight on the Fields of Justice.
In 2014, Riot Games created the virtual heavy metal band Pentakill to promote a skin line.
In 2014, Riot Games standardized their patch cadence for League of Legends to approximately once every two or three weeks.
In 2014, Ultra Rapid Fire (URF) mode was available for two weeks as an April Fools Day prank.
In 2014, an Ubisoft analyst estimated that only 4% of League of Legends players were paying customers.
In April 2015, Riot disclosed that they had not brought back the Ultra Rapid Fire (URF) mode because its unbalanced design resulted in player "burnout".
In 2015, it was noted that League of Legends was faster-paced compared to Dota 2 but slower than Blizzard Entertainment's Heroes of the Storm.
In 2016, Hextech Chests were introduced as a loot box system to League of Legends, providing random cosmetics to players.
In 2016, League of Legends' esports events outperformed the NBA, World Series, and Stanley Cup in online viewership and in-person attendance.
In 2016, the League of Legends music team had four full-time composers and a team of producers creating audio for the game and its promotional materials.
In 2017, League of Legends was nominated for Best Esports Game at The Game Awards.
In 2017, League of Legends' franchised systems comprised 109 teams and 545 players.
In 2017, Pentakill's second album, Grasp of the Undying, reached number one on the iTunes metal charts.
In 2017, Riot reworked the "Honor system", allowing players to award teammates with virtual medals following games, for one of three positive attributes.
In 2018, League of Legends was nominated for Best Esports Game at The Game Awards and won Outstanding Live Graphic Design at the 39th Sports Emmy Awards for the 2017 world championship, featuring augmented reality.
In 2018, Riot announced a collaboration with Marvel Comics and debuted League of Legends: Ashe—Warmother and League of Legends: Lux.
In 2018, reviewers criticized League of Legends' female characters for resembling those in "horny Clash of Clans clones".
In 2018, the virtual K-pop girl group K/DA debuted with their single "Pop/Stars" at the League of Legends World Championship.
In June 2019, Teamfight Tactics, an auto battler, was released as a game mode within League of Legends.
In 2019, League of Legends peaked at eight million concurrent players, leading to tie-ins such as music, comic books, short stories, and the animated series Arcane.
In 2019, League of Legends won Best Esports Game at The Game Awards and Riot won Best Esports Event for the 2019 League World Championships.
In 2019, Riot Games reported 44 million peak concurrent viewers for the League of Legends World Championship finals.
In 2019, Riot created a virtual hip hop group called True Damage, featuring League of Legends champions.
In 2019, a print version of League of Legends: Lux was released.
In 2019, for the 10th anniversary of League of Legends, Riot Games announced several games directly related to the League of Legends IP.
In March 2020, the stand-alone version of Teamfight Tactics was released for iOS and Android with cross-platform play.
In April 2020, Legends of Runeterra, a free-to-play digital collectible card game, launched for Microsoft Windows.
In August 2020, Riot Games released "The Baddest", the pre-release single for K/DA's debut EP.
In December 2020, Greg Street announced that a massively multiplayer online role-playing game based on League of Legends is in development.
In 2020, Bilibili acquired the rights to stream international events for League of Legends for a three-year deal.
In 2020, League of Legends won Best Esports Game at The Game Awards and Riot won Best Esports Event for the 2020 League World Championships.
In 2020, Riot Games reported 45 million peak concurrent viewers for the League of Legends World Championship finals.
In 2020, Vanguard was originally developed by Riot for their tactical shooter Valorant.
As of April 2021, Riot Games operates 12 regional leagues internationally, four of which—China, Europe, Korea, and North America—have franchised systems.
In 2021, League of Legends won Best Esports Game at The Game Awards and Riot won Best Esports Event for the 2021 League World Championships.
In 2021, Ruined King: A League of Legends Story, a single-player, turn-based role-playing game, was released for various platforms.
In 2021, Viego was introduced to the Pentakill group.
In 2022, Song of Nunu: A League of Legends Story, a third-person adventure game revolving around the champion Nunu, was announced.
Since May 2023, League of Legends uses Riot's custom anti-cheat software, Vanguard, on Microsoft Windows devices.
On November 1, 2023, Song of Nunu: A League of Legends Story was released on Windows and the Nintendo Switch.
In 2023, Riot formed Heartsteel, a virtual boy band, comprising League of Legends champions.
In November 2024, Riot Games announced they would streamline player rewards, leading to widespread outrage due to the perceived complexity and time investment required to unlock content.
In November 2024, season 2 of Arcane premiered to similar acclaim, winning 7 Annie Awards in all nominated categories.
At the 2024 Summer Game Fest, game director Pu Liu said that League of Legends revenue is primarily generated by a "single-digit percentage" of players, colloquially known as whales.
In 2024, Riot Games added a new skin tier to League of Legends that uses a gacha mechanic, requiring players to buy attempts to win the skin, with costs ranging from $200 to $430.
In mid-January 2025, Riot Games partially reverted some of the streamlined reward changes, including halving the cost of purchasing a champion, and the return of "hextech chests".
As of 2025, League of Legends features 170 champions available for players to control in the multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA).
As of early 2025, media for Arcane season 2 is forthcoming.
In early 2025, Riot announced a new skin in the tier that had been long requested by players. PC Gamer's Rick Lane described the strategy as "whale chasing" and "psychological manipulation".