A bell is a percussion instrument, specifically a directly struck idiophone. Typically shaped like a hollow cup, it vibrates upon being struck, producing a resonant tone. The striking mechanism can be an internal clapper, an external hammer, or a small enclosed sphere. The bell's design effectively utilizes its sides as a resonator, amplifying the sound produced by the strike.
In 1978 a complete ceremonial set of 65 Zhong bells was found in a near-perfect state of preservation during the excavation of the tomb of Marquis Yi, ruler of Zeng.
In 1997, at the Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, half-muffles were used to give a full open sound on one round, and a muffled sound on the alternate round for a distinctive, mournful effect.
In 1999 a new bell design without the bulge was announced by scientists at the Technical University in Eindhoven.
In 2000 BCE the earliest metal bells appear in West Asia, with one found in the Taosi site and four in the Erlitou site.
In 2000, the bells of Marquis Yi—which were still fully playable after almost 2500 years—cover a range of slightly less than five octaves but thanks to their dual-tone capability, the set can sound a complete 12-tone scale.
The ancient Chinese bronze chime bells called bianzhong or zhong / zeng (鐘) were used as polyphonic musical instruments and some have been dated at between 2000 and 3600 years old.
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