Cleveland, Ohio, is the county seat of Cuyahoga County, situated on the southern shore of Lake Erie, opposite Ontario, Canada. It lies roughly 60 miles west of the Ohio-Pennsylvania border. With a population of 372,624 in 2020, it is the most populous city on Lake Erie and the second-most populous in Ohio. The Cleveland metropolitan area has approximately 2.17 million residents, making it the 34th-largest metropolitan area in the United States.
Cleveland residents are advised to be careful of common tax errors when filing, while the Northern Tier experiences unseasonably cold temperatures. Local tax filing information is also available.
In 1903, the Group Plan initiated the construction of many of Cleveland's government and civic buildings around the Cleveland Mall, sharing a common neoclassical architecture.
Between 1904 and 1920, 15 libraries built with funds from Andrew Carnegie were opened in the city.
In 1907, the Cleveland Trust Company Building was completed.
Beginning around 1910, the black population of Cleveland increased significantly as a result of the First and Second Great Migrations, with people moving from the South in search of jobs.
By 1910, Cleveland was known as the "Sixth City" because it was the sixth-largest U.S. city. Automotive companies like Peerless, Chandler, and Winton were based in Cleveland.
Founded in 1912, the City Club of Cleveland provides a platform for national and local debates and discussions.
The Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland was established in 1914 as one of the 12 U.S. Federal Reserve Banks.
In October 1915 at Cleveland's Bohemian National Hall, Czech American and Slovak American representatives signed the Cleveland Agreement, calling for the formation of a joint Czech and Slovak state.
In 1915, the Cleveland baseball team was known as the Indians, a name they held until 2021.
Karamu House, the oldest African American theater in the nation, was established in 1915.
In 1916, American modernist poet Hart Crane moved to New York City after dividing his adolescence between Cleveland and Akron.
In 1916, the Cleveland Museum of Art opened its doors to the public.
From 1917 to 1924, Samuel Brodsky directed the weekly "Plain Dealer Screen Magazine" that ran in theaters in Cleveland and Ohio.
The Cleveland Orchestra was established in 1918.
Prohibition first took effect in Ohio in May 1919, although it was not well-enforced in Cleveland.
In 1919, Cleveland attracted national attention amid the First Red Scare for the Cleveland May Day Riots. Local socialist and IWW demonstrators clashed with anti-socialists during a broader strike wave.
Between 1904 and 1920, 15 libraries built with funds from Andrew Carnegie were opened in the city.
By 1920, Cleveland had grown into a densely populated metropolis of 796,841, making it the fifth-largest city in the nation with a large foreign-born population. The Cleveland Indians also won their first World Series championship in 1920.
In 1920, the Volstead Act became law, solidifying Prohibition.
In 1921, Samuel Brodsky and Robert McLaughlin's film studio produced the silent-era feature film "Dangerous Toys" at the Andrews mansion on Euclid Avenue, which is now considered lost.
In 1921, the U.S. Open Chess Championship took place in Cleveland, and was won by Edward Lasker.
In 1923, the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland's downtown building, located on East 6th Street and Superior Avenue, was completed by the Cleveland architectural firm Walker and Weeks.
The Cleveland Council on World Affairs was established in 1923.
From 1917 to 1924, Samuel Brodsky directed the weekly "Plain Dealer Screen Magazine" that ran in theaters in Cleveland and Ohio.
From 1924 to 1931, Cleveland briefly experimented with a council–manager government under William R. Hopkins and Daniel E. Morgan before returning to the mayor–council system.
In 1924, the Cleveland Bulldogs won the NFL Championship.
In 1925, Russian Futurist poet Vladimir Mayakovsky came to Cleveland and gave a poetry recitation to the city's ethnic working class, as part of his trip to America.
The Cleveland Public Library's main building was designed by Walker and Weeks and dedicated in 1925.
Time magazine was published in Cleveland from 1925 to 1927.
In 1926, the Van Sweringen brothers commenced construction of the Terminal Tower skyscraper.
Completed in 1927, the Terminal Tower is a Beaux-Arts skyscraper.
In 1927, the Van Sweringen brothers oversaw the completion of the Terminal Tower skyscraper.
Time magazine was published in Cleveland from 1925 to 1927.
Cleveland was hit hard by the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the subsequent Great Depression.
In 1929, Cleveland hosted the first of many National Air Races. Amelia Earhart flew to the city from Santa Monica, California in the Women's Air Derby.
In 1930, the Terminal Tower was dedicated as part of Cleveland Union Terminal. The city's population exceeded 900,000.
In 1930, the Terminal Tower was dedicated as part of the Cleveland Union Terminal complex.
The Cleveland Botanical Garden in University Circle was established in 1930, becoming the oldest civic garden center in the nation.
From 1924 to 1931, Cleveland briefly experimented with a council–manager government under William R. Hopkins and Daniel E. Morgan before returning to the mayor–council system.
In 1933, Congress repealed Prohibition nationally.
In 1933, Michael Curtiz's pre-Code classic film "Goodbye Again", starring Warren William and Joan Blondell, was released.
In 1933, the comic book character Superman was created by Joe Shuster and Jerry Siegel in Cleveland.
Harlan Ellison, noted author of speculative fiction, was born in Cleveland in 1934.
In June 1936, the Great Lakes Exposition debuted at Cleveland's North Coast Harbor, drawing four million visitors in its first season.
The Great Lakes Exposition ended its second and final season in September 1937, drawing seven million visitors by the end.
On December 7, 1941, Imperial Japan attacked Pearl Harbor and declared war on the U.S., signaling America's entry into World War II. Two of the victims of the attack were Cleveland natives.
The film "Native Land", narrated by Paul Robeson and depicting labor struggles in Cleveland, was released in 1942.
In 1945, the Cleveland Rams won the NFL Championship before relocating to Los Angeles.
In 1946, gypsy jazz guitarist Django Reinhardt gave his U.S. debut performance in Cleveland.
In 1946, the Cleveland Browns won one of their eight titles in American football.
Since 1946, Cleveland has annually marked One World Day in the Cleveland Cultural Gardens in Rockefeller Park, a celebration of all of its ethnic communities.
In 1947, former Cleveland Public Safety Director Eliot Ness ran for mayor of Cleveland.
In 1947, the Cleveland Browns won one of their eight titles in American football.
In 1948, players from the Cleveland Indians appeared in the film "The Kid from Cleveland" which came out the next year.
In 1948, the Cleveland Browns won one of their eight titles in American football.
In 1949, Cleveland was named an All-America City for the first time.
In 1949, the Cleveland Browns won one of their eight titles in American football.
In 1949, the film "The Kid from Cleveland" was released, featuring players from the 1948 Cleveland Indians.
According to the 1950 Census, Cleveland's population was 914,808.
In 1950, Cleveland's population reached 914,808.
In 1950, the Cleveland Browns won one of their eight titles in American football.
In 1954, the Cleveland Browns won one of their eight titles in American football.
The Cleveland Indians won the American League pennant and made the World Series in 1954.
In 1955, the Cleveland Browns won one of their eight titles in American football.
In 1957, the U.S. Open Chess Championship took place in Cleveland, and was won by Bobby Fischer.
In 1961, The Mike Douglas Show, a nationally syndicated daytime talk show, began in Cleveland on KYW-TV (now WKYC).
In 1962, the Cleveland Pipers, owned by George Steinbrenner, won the American Basketball League championship.
Cleveland concluded its first sister city partnership with Lima, Peru, in 1964.
In 1964, the Cleveland Barons won the Calder Cup.
The Cleveland National Air Show, an indirect successor to the National Air Races, has been held at the city's Burke Lakefront Airport since 1964.
Until 1964, the Terminal Tower was the tallest building in North America outside New York City.
In 1966, Billy Wilder's "The Fortune Cookie", set and filmed in Cleveland, marked the first onscreen pairing of Walter Matthau and Jack Lemmon.
The Hough riots erupted in Cleveland from July 18 to 24, 1966, amid housing discrimination and redlining against African Americans.
In November 1967, Carl B. Stokes was elected, becoming the first major American city to elect an African American mayor.
On July 23, 1968, the Glenville Shootout took place in Cleveland.
In 1968, Cleveland became the first city in the nation to have a direct rail transit connection linking the city's downtown to its major airport.
In 1968, the Cleveland Browns made it to the NFL/AFC Championship Game.
In June 1969, the Cuyahoga River fire spurred Cleveland to action under Mayor Carl B. Stokes and played a key role in the passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972 and the National Environmental Policy Act later that year.
In 1969, the Cleveland Browns made it to the NFL/AFC Championship Game.
By 1970, the black population of Cleveland had increased significantly due to the First and Second Great Migrations that started around 1910, as people migrated from the South.
Carl B. Stokes term as mayor ends in 1971.
In 1972, the Clean Water Act was passed, influenced by the Cuyahoga River fire in June 1969. This act, along with the National Environmental Policy Act, helped to facilitate the cleanup of the Cuyahoga River through the efforts of the city and the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA).
In 1974, the city hosted the World Series of Rock at Cleveland Municipal Stadium.
The Cleveland International Film Festival has been held in the city since 1977.
In December 1978, Cleveland became the first major American city since the Great Depression to enter into a financial default on federal loans.
In 1978, "F.I.S.T.", directed by Norman Jewison and starring Sylvester Stallone, which depicts labor struggles in Cleveland, was released.
In 1978, the wedding and reception scenes in "The Deer Hunter", while set in suburban Pittsburgh, were shot in Cleveland's Tremont neighborhood.
The Cleveland Marathon has been hosted annually since 1978.
1980 was the last year the city hosted the World Series of Rock at Cleveland Municipal Stadium; the event ran from 1974 to 1980.
By 1980, Cleveland's population had fallen to 573,822, a significant decline from its peak in 1950.
Cleveland hosted the second 1980 U.S. presidential debate.
The Tri-C Jazz Fest has been held annually in Cleveland at Playhouse Square since 1980.
In 1983, "A Christmas Story", set in Indiana, drew many external shots from Cleveland.
Unemployment peaked in Cleveland during 1983, with a rate of 13.8%, higher than the national average due to steel production center closures.
In 1984, Jim Jarmusch's "Stranger Than Paradise", a deadpan comedy about two New Yorkers who travel to Florida by way of Cleveland, was a favorite of the Cannes Film Festival.
The Cleveland Jazz Orchestra was established in 1984.
In 1986, the Cleveland Browns made it to the NFL/AFC Championship Game.
In 1987, Cleveland emerged from financial default.
In 1987, the Cleveland Browns made it to the NFL/AFC Championship Game.
On June 25, 1988, Cleveland established its all-time record high temperature of 104 °F (40 °C).
In 1989, the Cleveland Browns made it to the NFL/AFC Championship Game.
In 1989, the film "Major League", reflecting the perennial struggles of the Cleveland Indians, was released.
In 1991, after Slovene independence, the Consulate General of the Republic of Slovenia was established in Cleveland; it previously served as an official consulate for Tito's Yugoslavia.
In 1991, the 30-year period began for calculating average yearly precipitation.
Until 1991, the Terminal Tower was the tallest building in the city.
On January 19, 1994, Cleveland established its all-time record low temperature of −20 °F (−29 °C).
In 1995, Browns owner Art Modell relocated the team, causing resentment among local fans.
The Cleveland Indians won the American League pennant and made the World Series in 1995. The team also began a streak of selling out consecutive games.
In 1997, the Cleveland hip hop group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony won a Grammy for their song "Tha Crossroads".
In 1997, the opening shots of "Air Force One" were filmed in and above Severance Hall.
The Cleveland Indians won the American League pennant and made the World Series in 1997.
In 1999, after a series of lawsuits, a compromise was reached to bring back the Cleveland Browns, retaining all team history.
Since 2000, there has been an increase in the number of condominiums, lofts, and apartments in downtown Cleveland.
In 2001, the Cleveland Arcade was renovated and reopened as a Hyatt Regency Hotel.
In 2001, the Cleveland Indians' streak of 455 consecutive sold-out games came to an end.
The Great Lakes Burning River Fest, a two-night music and beer festival at Whiskey Island, has been sponsored by the Great Lakes Brewing Company since 2001.
In 2003, the film "American Splendor", reflecting the life of Cleveland graphic novelist Harvey Pekar, was released.
Cleveland hosted the 2004 U.S. vice presidential debate.
In 2007, Michael Symon gained national attention when he was named "The Next Iron Chef" on the Food Network. Also in 2007, Michael Ruhlman collaborated with Anthony Bourdain on an episode of Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations focusing on Cleveland's restaurant scene.
In 2007, the Cleveland Cavaliers won the Eastern Conference but were defeated in the NBA Finals by the San Antonio Spurs.
Cleveland hosted one 2008 Democratic primary debate.
In 2008, Cleveland Scene, a free alternative weekly paper, absorbed its competitor, the Cleveland Free Times.
In 2008, the Cleveland Indians' Major League Baseball record for consecutive sold-out games was surpassed.
In 2008, the Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority (RTA) completed the HealthLine, a bus rapid transit line.
On June 16, 2010, "Hot in Cleveland", a comedy that aired on TV Land, premiered.
Cleveland's climate action plan, updated in December 2018, aims to reduce greenhouse gases to 80% below the 2010 level by 2050.
Since 2010, Cleveland's downtown and several neighborhoods have experienced significant population growth.
Since 2010, the increase in the number of condominiums, lofts, and apartments in downtown Cleveland has accelerated.
In 2011, "Kill the Irishman", a film depicting the 1970s turf war between Danny Greene and the Cleveland crime family, was released.
In 2013, Cleveland's Global Center for Health Innovation opened with 235,000 square feet of display space for healthcare companies across the world.
The digital Belt Magazine was founded in Cleveland in 2013.
In 2014, Cleveland hosted the ninth official Gay Games ceremony.
On June 3, 2015, "Hot in Cleveland", a comedy that aired on TV Land, had its finale after six seasons.
In 2015, the Cleveland Cavaliers won the Eastern Conference but were defeated in the NBA Finals by the Golden State Warriors.
In 2015, the Cleveland Trust Company Building was renovated and reopened as a downtown Heinen's supermarket.
On June 22, 2016, over 1.3 million people attended a parade held in the Cavs' honor in downtown Cleveland, celebrating the team's NBA Championship win earlier that year.
In 2016, 23.7% of Cleveland households lacked a car, while the national average was 8.7%. Cleveland averaged 1.19 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8.
In 2016, the Cleveland Cavaliers won the Eastern Conference and their first NBA Championship by defeating the Golden State Warriors. On June 22, 2016, over 1.3 million people attended a parade held in the Cavs' honor in downtown Cleveland.
In 2016, the Cleveland Monsters of the American Hockey League won the Calder Cup.
The Cleveland Indians won the American League pennant and made the World Series in 2016.
In 2017, Downtown Cleveland doubled for Manhattan in "The Fate of the Furious".
In 2017, the Cleveland Cavaliers won the Eastern Conference but were defeated in the NBA Finals by the Golden State Warriors.
In December 2018, Cleveland updated its climate action plan, setting a target of 100% renewable power by 2050 and aiming to reduce greenhouse gases to 80% below the 2010 level.
In 2018, the Cleveland Cavaliers won the Eastern Conference but were defeated in the NBA Finals by the Golden State Warriors.
A 2019 study found Cleveland to be the city with the shortest average processing time in the nation for immigrants to become U.S. citizens.
A 2020 analysis found Cleveland to be the most ethnically and racially diverse major city in Ohio.
According to the 2020 census, Cleveland had a population of 372,624 people and 170,549 households. The population density was 4,901.51 inhabitants per square mile.
As in other major U.S. cities, crime in Cleveland saw an abrupt rise in 2020–21.
As of 2020, the racial and ethnic composition of Cleveland was 47.5% African American, 32.1% non-Hispanic white, 13.1% Hispanic or Latino, 2.8% Asian, 0% Pacific Islander, 0.2% Native American, and 3.8% from two or more races.
Cleveland hosted the first 2020 U.S. presidential debate.
In 2020, the 30-year period ended for calculating average yearly precipitation, with a normal yearly precipitation of 41.03 inches (1,042 mm).
In 2020, the census recorded Cleveland's population at 372,624, making it the most populous city on Lake Erie and the second-most populous in Ohio.
As of 2021, the Cleveland-area television market, including Akron and Canton, was the 19th-largest in the country, as measured by Nielsen Media Research.
In 2021, "Judas and the Black Messiah", although set in Chicago, was filmed in Cleveland.
In 2021, Walk Score ranked Cleveland the 17th most walkable of the 50 largest cities in the U.S.
In 2021, the Cleveland baseball team changed their name from the Indians to the Guardians.
As of 2022, the Cleveland Clinic is the largest private employer in the state of Ohio, with a workforce of over 55,000 people.
In 2022, the GDP for Greater Cleveland reached US$138.3 billion. The combined Cleveland-Akron metropolitan area had an economy of $176 billion, the largest in Ohio.
Justin Bibb has held the office of mayor of Cleveland since 2022.
The Cleveland Silent Film Festival has been held since 2022.
In 2023, the Cleveland Public Library had a collection of over 13 million materials.
In July 2024, Cleveland hosted the Pan American Masters Games.
As of 2024, the Cleveland Division of Police had roughly 1,100 sworn officers, covering five police districts.
The Sherwin-Williams Headquarters was completed in 2024.
Downtown Cleveland is set to double for Metropolis in James Gunn's Superman in 2025.
Cleveland's climate action plan, updated in December 2018, has set 2050 as the target year for achieving 100% renewable power and reducing greenhouse gases to 80% below the 2010 level.
Basketball is a team sport played on a rectangular court...
California is a U S state on the Pacific Coast...
Amelia Earhart was a groundbreaking American aviation pioneer who vanished...
Christmas is an annual festival celebrated on December th commemorating...
Los Angeles is the most populous city in California and...
The Great Lakes are a chain of five large interconnected...
21 days ago Boeing Shares Attract Investment: KKM Financial and Capitolis Increase Holdings
17 minutes ago Metallica Announces Intimate Shows with Suicidal Tendencies and Spiritbox at Mohegan Sun.
17 minutes ago Earth Day Celebrations: Car-Free Initiatives and Community Events Across New York City.
17 minutes ago Ian McKellen featured in 'The Christophers', A Soderbergh art world portrait.
18 minutes ago Anchorage Airport Faces Flight Cuts, Delays, and Cancellations Due to Fuel Costs.
1 hour ago Rory McIlroy's Journey: From Northern Ireland Roots to Chasing the Career Grand Slam
William Franklin Graham III commonly known as Franklin Graham is...
Paula White-Cain is a prominent American televangelist and key figure...
XXXTentacion born Jahseh Dwayne Ricardo Onfroy was a controversial yet...
George Soros is a Hungarian-American investor and philanthropist with a...
Sir David Attenborough is a highly influential British broadcaster biologist...
Eric Swalwell is an American lawyer and politician currently serving...