"Grok" is a neologism created by Robert A. Heinlein for his novel *Stranger in a Strange Land*. While commonly understood as "to understand intuitively or empathetically," Heinlein's usage is more nuanced, representing a major theme of the book. The concept has been analyzed critically and adopted by communities like computer science.
1949: Possible Inspiration for "Grok" from William Tenn's "Venus and the Seven Sexes"
William Tenn's 1949 story "Venus and the Seven Sexes" features the term "griggo," a concept similar to Heinlein's "grok." Tenn suggested Heinlein may have been influenced by this, and Heinlein acknowledged it as a possibility.
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1961: "Grok" Coined in "Stranger in a Strange Land"
The term "grok" was first introduced by Robert A. Heinlein in his science fiction novel "Stranger in a Strange Land", published in 1961. The word represents a Martian concept that embodies deep understanding, empathy, and connection, exceeding a simple literal translation.
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1961: "Grok" Coined in "Stranger in a Strange Land"
The term "grok" was first introduced by Robert A. Heinlein in his science fiction novel "Stranger in a Strange Land", published in 1961. The word represents a Martian concept that embodies deep understanding, empathy, and connection, exceeding a simple literal translation.
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1984: "Grok" Enters Computer Culture Through InfoWorld
In 1984, "grok" appeared in an InfoWorld column, demonstrating its growing presence in computer culture. The columnist used it to express the idea that programmers should fundamentally understand the interconnected nature of hardware and software.
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1991: "Uncut" Edition of "Stranger in a Strange Land" Provides Further Insight into "Grok"
The release of the "uncut" edition of "Stranger in a Strange Land" in 1991 shed more light on the use and meaning of "grok". This edition highlighted how Heinlein employed the term contextually throughout the novel, gradually revealing its depth and complexity.
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2005: "Grok" Used to Explain Unix Philosophy in "Linux Bible"
The 2005 edition of the "Linux Bible" uses "grok" to explain the Unix software development philosophy, signifying its integration into technical jargon. This example illustrates the term's continued relevance and use in understanding complex technical concepts.
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