Martha's Vineyard is an island located south of Cape Cod in Massachusetts, USA. It's a well-known, affluent summer destination and includes Chappaquiddick Island. With a land area of approximately 96 square miles, it's the 58th largest island in the U.S. and the third-largest on the East Coast. The island forms the majority of Dukes County, Massachusetts, which also encompasses the Elizabeth Islands and Nomans Land.
By 1927, the population of heath hens on Martha's Vineyard had dropped to 13, despite efforts to protect the species.
In 1932, "Booming Ben", the last known heath hen, an extinct subspecies of the greater prairie chicken, perished on Martha's Vineyard.
In 1941, Martha's Vineyard was used by the Army, Navy and Air Force for training missions.
In 1945, the Army, Navy and Air Force ended their training missions on Martha's Vineyard.
On August 27, 1948, the highest daily maximum temperature recorded on Martha's Vineyard was 99 °F (37.2 °C).
In 1952, Katie West, the last deaf person born into the island's sign-language tradition, died.
In 1961, on February 2 and 3, the lowest daily minimum temperature recorded on Martha's Vineyard was −9 °F (−22.8 °C).
In 1963, William Labov wrote his master's thesis on changes in the Martha's Vineyard dialect of English, a study recognized as a seminal work in sociolinguistics.
On July 18, 1969, the "Chappaquiddick incident" occurred, resulting in the death of Mary Jo Kopechne after a car driven by U.S. Senator Edward "Ted" Kennedy went off the Dike Bridge.
On November 23, 1970, Simas Kudirka, a Soviet seaman, attempted to defect to the United States by leaping onto a U.S. Coast Guard cutter, but was forcibly returned to the Soviet vessel.
In 1974, Steven Spielberg filmed the movie Jaws on Martha's Vineyard, using island natives as extras.
In 1977, inhabitants of Martha's Vineyard considered seceding from Massachusetts due to losing their guaranteed seat in the Massachusetts General Court.
On December 26, 1980, the lowest daily maximum temperature recorded on Martha's Vineyard was 7 °F (−13.9 °C).
On March 5, 1982, John Belushi died of a drug overdose in Los Angeles and was buried in Abel's Hill Cemetery in Chilmark on Martha's Vineyard.
In 1985, Martha's Vineyard and Chappaquiddick Island were included in the Martha's Vineyard AVA designation for wine appellation.
In 1994, John F. Kennedy's mother, former U.S. first lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, died. She maintained a home in Aquinnah.
In 1994, The Inkwell, a film directed by Matty Rich, was released. The film deals with the close-knit African-American community on Martha's Vineyard, particularly around Oak Bluffs.
In 1995, Life magazine photographer Alfred Eisenstaedt, a fifty-year summer resident, died on Martha's Vineyard.
In 1998, the African American Heritage Trail of Martha's Vineyard was founded by Carrie Camillo Tankard and Elaine Cawley Weintraub.
On July 16, 1999, a small plane crashed off the coast of Martha's Vineyard, killing John F. Kennedy Jr., his wife Carolyn Bessette, and her sister Lauren Bessette.
In the summer of 2000, an outbreak of tularemia occurred on Martha's Vineyard, resulting in one death and drawing the attention of the CDC.
In June 2005, Martha's Vineyard celebrated the 30th anniversary of Jaws with a weekend-long Jawsfest.
In 2006, a study by the Martha's Vineyard Commission revealed that the cost of living on the island was 60 percent higher than the national average and housing prices were 96 percent higher.
Since 2006, the Australian-born author Geraldine Brooks, writer of the Pulitzer Prize winning novel March, has lived on Martha's Vineyard with her husband, Tony Horwitz, and their two sons.
In 2007, Robert Harris' novel The Ghost was set on Martha's Vineyard.
On August 10, 2008, Chicama Vineyards in West Tisbury closed after 37 years of operation.
On September 4, 2010, the highest daily minimum temperature recorded on Martha's Vineyard was 76 °F (24.4 °C).
In 2010, the year-round population of Martha's Vineyard was 16,460, according to the Martha's Vineyard Commission.
In August 2014, President Obama and Hillary Clinton both planned visits to Martha's Vineyard, causing traffic challenges due to security details.
In December 2019, President Barack Obama completed the purchase of a 30-acre homestead on the Edgartown Great Pond on Martha's Vineyard.
On October 15, 2020, Edgartown Harbor was officially recognized as an Underground Railroad Site by the National Park Service.
In September 2022, Florida governor Ron DeSantis flew two planeloads of Venezuelan migrants to Martha's Vineyard.
In 2023, the Martha's Vineyard Commission reported the year-round population was 20,530.
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