SEPTA, or Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority, provides public transportation to nearly four million people in and around Philadelphia. It operates diverse services including buses, rapid transit, commuter rail, light rail, and electric trolleybuses across five counties. Beyond operations, SEPTA also manages projects focused on maintaining, upgrading, and expanding its infrastructure, facilities, and vehicle fleet to meet the region's transportation needs.
In 1902, the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company was formed.
In 1913, the original proposal for the Roosevelt Boulevard Subway dates back, but construction has remained elusive.
In 1940, the Philadelphia Transportation Company (PTC) was created with the merger of the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company and a group of smaller transit companies.
On August 17, 1963, SEPTA was created by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to coordinate government funding to various transit and railroad companies in southeastern Pennsylvania.
On February 18, 1964, SEPTA commenced operations.
On November 1, 1965, SEPTA absorbed two predecessor agencies.
By 1966, the Reading Company and Pennsylvania Railroad commuter railroad lines were operated under contract to SEPTA.
On February 1, 1968, the Pennsylvania Railroad merged with the New York Central railroad to become Penn Central.
On September 30, 1968, SEPTA acquired the Philadelphia Transportation Company (PTC), which operated a citywide system of bus, trolley, and trackless trolley routes, the Market–Frankford Line, the Broad Street Line, and the Delaware River Bridge Line, becoming SEPTA's City Transit Division.
At its founding in 1968, the SEPTA board had 11 members.
On January 30, 1970, SEPTA acquired the Philadelphia Suburban Transportation Company, also known as the Red Arrow Lines, which included the Norristown High Speed Line, the Media–Sharon Hill Line (Routes 101 and 102), and several suburban bus routes in Delaware County.
From 1974 to 1984, construction of the airport line by the City of Philadelphia.
On March 1, 1976, SEPTA acquired the transit operations of Schuylkill Valley Lines, known today as the Frontier Division.
In 1976, Conrail took over the assets of Penn Central and other bankrupt railroads, including the Reading Company.
Most of the cars used on the lines were built between 1976 and 2013.The Silverliner IV order completion date was 1976.
In 1977, SEPTA and Reeder's Inc. joined forces to operate three bus routes out of West Chester: Route 120, Route 121, and Route 122.
SEPTA had a labor strike in 1977. SEPTA has had more labor strikes than any other transit agency in the U.S.
Until June 2002, five SEPTA routes were operated with trackless trolleys, using AM General vehicles built in 1978-79.
On June 21, 1979, Penn Central filed for bankruptcy.
In 1980, a prototype "K-car" was delivered and tested before Kawasaki began building 112 vehicles for the SEPTA Subway–Surface trolley lines.
In 1981, Kawasaki began building 112 vehicles for the SEPTA Subway–Surface trolley lines (Routes 10, 11, 13, 34, and 36). These vehicles, known as "K-cars", use the Pennsylvania trolley gauge and are larger and faster than the PCC cars they replaced. They also were the first in North America to have unitized roof-mounted air conditioners and to have electronic control of switches at junctions.
SEPTA established its current Transit Police Department in 1981.
SEPTA had a labor strike in 1981. SEPTA has had more labor strikes than any other transit agency in the U.S.
In July 1982, SEPTA replaced Route 122 with its own bus service, Route 91, after only one year of service. Route 91 was later eliminated due to lack of ridership.
In October 1982, Route 121 was replaced by SEPTA's Route 92, which continues to operate today.
Between 1982 and 1984, the Broad Street Line used cars built by Kawasaki.
In 1982, SEPTA ordered buses from Neoplan USA, which was both the largest purchase for Neoplan at the time and SEPTA's largest to date.
On January 1, 1983, SEPTA took over commuter services from Conrail and formed the Railroad Division, acquiring track, rolling stock, and other assets.
In November 1983, SEPTA turned over the Bucks County routes (formerly Trenton-Philadelphia Coach Line Routes) to the Frontier Division.
In 1983, SEPTA, along with other transit operators in Pennsylvania, ordered 1,000 Neoplan buses of various lengths, and SEPTA ultimately received 450 buses from this order.
SEPTA had a labor strike in 1983. SEPTA has had more labor strikes than any other transit agency in the U.S.
Between 1982 and 1984, the Broad Street Line used cars built by Kawasaki.
From 1974 to 1984, construction of the airport line by the City of Philadelphia.
In 1984, SEPTA used Volvo 10BM 60-foot articulated buses.
In 1984, the Center City Commuter Connection Tunnel was constructed and opened, leading to the pairing of former Pennsylvania Railroad lines with former Reading lines, designated as routes R1 through R8 (excluding R4).
SEPTA had a labor strike in 1986. SEPTA has had more labor strikes than any other transit agency in the U.S.
SEPTA purchased additional Neoplans in 1986. The first two groups (3000–3131 and 3132–3251) came without rear wheelchair lifts.
In late 1987, SEPTA purchased additional Neoplans (3252–3371) that included rear wheelchair lifts.
In 1989, SEPTA purchased additional Neoplans (3372–3491) that included rear wheelchair lifts.
In 1991, the state legislature added four additional members to the SEPTA board, giving themselves more influence.
In 1992, Krapf purchased the Reeder's operation and designated the remaining (West Chester to Coatesville) bus route as Krapf Transit "Route A".
In 1993, the Norristown High Speed Line's unique class of 26 cars known as N-5s were delivered by ABB after significant production difficulties and a change of assembly locations. They are the first fleet of cars in North America to have Alternating Current (AC) traction motors.
Between 1994 and 1996, SEPTA evaluated sample buses from New Flyer and NovaBus.
SEPTA had a labor strike in 1995. SEPTA has had more labor strikes than any other transit agency in the U.S.
American Ikarus underwent a reorganization in 1996 and became North American Bus Industries.
From 1997 to 1999, the Market–Frankford Line used cars built by Adtranz.
Through late 1997, the earlier fleet of AK and BD Neoplans (8285–8581) was replaced by 400 buses built by American Ikarus and North American Bus Industries.
In 1998, SEPTA ordered 155 articulated buses from Neoplan to replace the 1984 Volvo 10BM 60-foot articulated buses.
In 1998, SEPTA purchased 89 29-foot Transmark-29 buses from National-Eldorado.
SEPTA had a labor strike in 1998. SEPTA has had more labor strikes than any other transit agency in the U.S.
From 1997 to 1999, the Market–Frankford Line used cars built by Adtranz.
In 1999, Metrotrans Legacy, SEPTA's first choice in small buses, filed for bankruptcy.
In late 2000, the first of the 29-foot Transmark-29 buses from National-Eldorado began to arrive.
In 2001, SEPTA ordered 100 low-floor buses (nos. 5401–5500) from New Flyer.
SEPTA delivered 525 2017–2022 NFI XDE40 hybrid buses to replace all the diesel buses that were delivered between 2001 and 2004.
Until June 2002, five SEPTA routes were operated with trackless trolleys, using AM General vehicles built in 1978-79. Starting in June 2002, routes 59, 66, and 75 were converted to diesel buses for an indefinite period, and routes 29 and 79 followed in 2003.
Around 2003, SEPTA retired the fleet of "cutaway" buses built on Ford van chassis and replaced them with slightly larger cutaway buses on a Freightliner truck chassis.
In 2003, SEPTA purchased a small group of hybrid buses, 5601H–5612H.
In 2003, SEPTA suspended trackless trolley (trolley bus) service, and the 110 AM General vehicles were never returned to service.
In 2003, the PCC cars on SEPTA Route 15 were rebuilt by Brookville, renamed PCC II, and updated to include air conditioning and a wheelchair lift for the line's reopening.
Until June 2002, five SEPTA routes were operated with trackless trolleys, using AM General vehicles built in 1978-79. Routes 29, 59, 66, 75 and 79 used trackless trolleys, but were converted to diesel buses for an indefinite period starting in 2002 (routes 59, 66, 75) and in 2003 (routes 29, 79).
In 2004, SEPTA purchased a small group of hybrid buses, 5831H–5850H.
SEPTA delivered 525 2017–2022 NFI XDE40 hybrid buses to replace all the diesel buses that were delivered between 2001 and 2004.
In 2005, a geographically-accurate map of SEPTA and connecting rail transit services was available, including Regional Rail, rapid transit, and selected interurban and suburban trolley lines, but not subway-surface lines or the Girard streetcar.
In 2021, SEPTA placed an order for 220 New Flyer XDE40 buses with an option for 120 additional buses to replace the New Flyer D40LF buses that were delivered in 2005 and are currently replacing the New Flyer DE40LF buses that were delivered between 2008-2009.
SEPTA had a labor strike in 2005. SEPTA has had more labor strikes than any other transit agency in the U.S.
In February 2006, SEPTA placed an order for 38 new low-floor trackless trolleys from New Flyer Industries to replace the aging AM General vehicles.
In October 2006, the SEPTA board voted not to order additional vehicles for Routes 29 and 79, and those routes permanently became non-electric.
In early 2006, SEPTA ordered 38 new low-floor trackless trolleys from New Flyer.
In June 2007, the pilot trackless trolley from New Flyer Industries arrived for testing.
In 2007, SEPTA bus Route 306 began service, connecting the Great Valley Corporate Center and West Chester with the Brandywine Town Center.
Trackless trolley service resumed on Routes 66 and 75 on April 14, 2008, initially limited to one or two vehicles on each route as new trolley buses gradually replaced the motorbuses.
On June 20, 2008, SEPTA retired the last AN440 buses after receiving its first low-floor fleet.
The new trackless trolley vehicles were delivered between February and August 2008.
In 2008, SEPTA restored trackless service on routes 59, 66, and 75 with the new low-floor trackless trolleys from New Flyer, replacing SEPTA Neoplan EZs.
In 2021, SEPTA placed an order for 220 New Flyer XDE40 buses with an option for 120 additional buses to replace the New Flyer D40LF buses that were delivered in 2005 and are currently replacing the New Flyer DE40LF buses that were delivered between 2008-2009.
Prior to the 2008 purchase, SEPTA borrowed an MTA New York City Transit Orion VII hybrid bus # 6365 to evaluate it in service. SEPTA was the first to purchase New Flyer DE40LFs equipped with rooftop HVAC units.
SEPTA placed an order for 400 New Flyer hybrid buses, with delivery starting in 2008, with options for up to 80 additional buses to replace the NABI Ikarus buses.
SEPTA's revenue from advertisements on the backs of its buses leads the authority to order mainly buses equipped with a rooftop HVAC, and with their rear route-number sign mounted on the roof, especially on 2008–2009 New Flyer DE40LFs and future orders.
Trackless trolley service resumed in spring 2008 after a nearly five-year suspension on routes 59, 66, and 75.
In February 2009, SEPTA bus Route 113 commenced connecting bus service with DART at the Tri-State Mall, allowing service between Delaware County and Delaware, and connecting with DART First State's #13 and #61 bus at the Tri-State Mall.
Back in 2009, SEPTA was successfully sued over its lack of accessibility. Trolley vehicles are fully inaccessible, except for the PCCIIIs, meaning that no suburban trolley stop can possibly be compliant with the ADA.
Between 2009 and 2013, SEPTA was criticised for its use of sex identification markers on the SEPTA-issued monthly transit passes, as some transgender and gender-queer people had experienced discrimination related to the markers.
In 2009, $191 million of funds made available from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act were utilized to make over 30 major improvements to the system, including renovations of the Spring Garden and Girard Avenue subway stations.
In 2021, SEPTA placed an order for 220 New Flyer XDE40 buses with an option for 120 additional buses to replace the New Flyer D40LF buses that were delivered in 2005 and are currently replacing the New Flyer DE40LF buses that were delivered between 2008-2009.
SEPTA had a labor strike in 2009. SEPTA has had more labor strikes than any other transit agency in the U.S.
SEPTA's revenue from advertisements on the backs of its buses leads the authority to order mainly buses equipped with a rooftop HVAC, and with their rear route-number sign mounted on the roof, especially on 2008–2009 New Flyer DE40LFs and future orders.
In July 2010, SEPTA removed the R-numbers from the lines and began referring to the lines by the names of their termini because ridership patterns had changed since the implementation of the original plan.
On October 29, 2010, the first Silverliner V cars were introduced into service.
In 2010, SEPTA built the first Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) station at Fox Chase terminal.
In 2010, service between West Chester and Brandywine Town Center was discontinued due to low ridership on SEPTA bus Route 306.
In July 2012, SEPTA was voted the best large transit agency in North America by the American Public Transportation Association (APTA).
As of March 19, 2013, all Silverliner V cars were in service, making up almost one-third of the current 400 car Regional Rail fleet.
In June 2013, SEPTA stopped using sex identification markers on the SEPTA-issued monthly transit passes.
By 2013, SEPTA was using NovaBus LFS-A HEV.
In 2013, Act 89 was signed into law, which impacted SEPTA's funding from the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission.
From 2014 to 2019, SEPTA ridership had decreased 13% due to factors such as increased competition, structural changes in ridership patterns, and moderate gas prices.
SEPTA had a labor strike in 2014. SEPTA has had more labor strikes than any other transit agency in the U.S.
By late 2015, the Neoplan articulated buses had been retired and replaced by the NovaBus LFS-A HEV.
In July 2016, a structural flaw was discovered in more than 95% of the 120 Silverliner V cars in the SEPTA regional rail fleet, leading to reduced system capacity.
In July 2016, the loss of system capacity due to the structural flaw in Silverliner V cars was expected to cause transportation issues for the Democratic National Convention being held in Philadelphia on the week of July 25, 2016.
By 2016, SEPTA was using NovaBus LFS-A HEV.
In 2016, SEPTA launched a pilot program to replace diesel buses with battery electric buses on former trackless trolley routes 29 and 79, ordering 25 buses from Proterra, Inc. and two fast-charging stations.
SEPTA had a labor strike in 2016. SEPTA has had more labor strikes than any other transit agency in the U.S.
As of December 2017, SEPTA had completed an Environmental Impact Statement to extend the Norristown High Speed Line to the King of Prussia area.
In 2017, 90 Market-Frankford Line M-4 cars had emergency welding to fix cracking steel beams.
In 2017, the battery electric buses from Proterra, Inc. were expected to enter service.
SEPTA delivered 525 2017–2022 NFI XDE40 hybrid buses to replace all the diesel buses that were delivered between 2001 and 2004.
On April 30, 2018, SEPTA discontinued the sales of tokens and removed the token vending machines from transit stations.
As of 2018, SEPTA was the sixth-largest U.S. rapid transit system by ridership and the fifth-largest overall transit system in the nation, with approximately 302 million annual unlinked trips, controlling 290 active stations, over 450 miles of track, 2,350 revenue vehicles, and 196 routes. It also oversaw shared-ride services and ADA services.
From 2014 to 2019, SEPTA ridership had decreased 13% due to factors such as increased competition, structural changes in ridership patterns, and moderate gas prices.
In late 2019, Route 205 (Paoli Station to Chesterbrook), formerly operated by Krapf, was merged into SEPTA's own Route 206 (Paoli Station to Great Valley).
The 24% decrease in SEPTA ridership from 2019 to 2020 was mostly attributable to the impact of government-implemented lock-downs in response to the COVID-19 pandemic that began in mid-March 2020.
In October 2020, SEPTA trialled the use of lean benches instead of traditional seating at some of its stations to encourage social distancing to prevent the spread the COVID-19.
In 2020, all Market-Frankford Line M-4 cars, including those temporarily repaired in 2017, had to have more permanent welding to fix cracking steel beams.
In 2020, annual ridership was 223.5 million individual rides, with 17.1 million on SEPTA's suburban network, 26.3 million on the regional rail network, and 180.1 million on the city transit network.
In 2020, sales of paper tickets were discontinued on Regional Rail.
In February 2020, the battery electric buses were sidelined due to a defect in their plastic chassis.
Since 2020, the PCC cars used on SEPTA Route 15 are once again being rebuilt by SEPTA.
April 1, 2021 was the last day that valid paper tickets were accepted on Regional Rail.
As of April 2, 2021, previously purchased paper tickets were no longer accepted on Regional Rail.
As of September 2021, the New York City Subway has the lowest accessibility rate for rail stops in the nation at 28%.
In September 2021, SEPTA concluded trials and removed the lean benches from stations.
In September 2021, SEPTA proposed rebranding their rail transit services (Market–Frankford Line, Broad Street Line, Subway–Surface trolley lines, Norristown High Speed Line, Route 15 trolley, and the Media–Sharon Hill Line) as the "SEPTA Metro" to improve navigation with new maps, signage, and line designations.
In 2021, SEPTA placed an order for 220 New Flyer XDE40 buses with an option for 120 additional buses to replace the New Flyer D40LF buses that were delivered in 2005 and are currently replacing the New Flyer DE40LF buses that were delivered between 2008-2009.
SEPTA's total operating expenses for the fiscal year of 2021 amounted to $1,530,984,000. The breakdown includes $1,088,773,000 for Labor and Fringe Benefits, $331,432,000 for Material and Services, $27,313,000 for Propulsion Power, $26,026,000 for Fuel, $24,711,000 for Injury and Damage Claims, $23,875,000 for Depreciation/Contributed Capital, and $8,854,000 for Vehicle and Facility Rentals.
As of February 2022, all of SEPTA's buses are fully accessible under the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
As of June 2022, SEPTA no longer receives $180,000,000 annually from the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission due to Act 89.
Charles Lawson served as acting chief of the Transit Police starting in July 2022.
In August 2022, SEPTA introduced the ability to pay for transit rides using electronic tickets purchased through the SEPTA mobile apps for Android and iOS.
In December 2022, the electronic ticket feature on the SEPTA mobile apps was released to the general public after a limited pilot program.
SEPTA delivered 525 2017–2022 NFI XDE40 hybrid buses to replace all the diesel buses that were delivered between 2001 and 2004.
The members of the SEPTA Board as of March 2023.
In May 2023, Charles Lawson was appointed chief of the Transit Police.
In June 2023, SEPTA budgeted $40 million for the rebranding of rail transit services to SEPTA Metro.
In July 2023, SEPTA launched a limited pilot program to allow passengers to pay for transit trips using contactless credit cards and digital wallets on NFC-enabled phones and smart watches.
On September 29, 2023, SEPTA made contactless payments available to the general public for transit rides.
In 2023, SEPTA became the only U.S. transit authority operating all five major types of terrestrial transit vehicles (regional commuter rail, rapid transit subway/elevated trains, light rail trolleys, trolleybuses, and motorbuses) after Boston's Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority discontinued trolleybuses.
In 2023, the rebuilt PCC cars are scheduled to return and will feature plastic seating.
In 2023, the transfer point at the Tri-State Mall was moved to the Claymont Transportation Center.
In the 2023 fiscal year, funding from the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission was reduced to $50,000,000 as a result of Act 89.
On January 1, 1983, SEPTA took over the commuter rail services formerly operated by Conrail under contract and reorganized them as Regional Rail. Daily ridership on the regional rail network averaged 58,713 in 2023, with the Lansdale/Doylestown, Paoli/Thorndale, and Trenton lines each receiving over 7,000 riders per day.
Effective January 1, 2024, SEPTA no longer accepts tokens at vehicle fareboxes or fare kiosks.
On December 1, 2024, SEPTA raised the electronic payment ride fare to $2.50, matching the cash base rate.
In December 2024, SEPTA began a limited pilot program to test contactless payments on Regional Rail (excluding Trenton and West Trenton stations).
In 2024, general manager Leslie Richards resigned.
SEPTA upgraded its website in late 2023 in advance of the planned rollout of SEPTA Metro in 2024.
SEPTA plans to distribute a further 20,000 Zero Fare Key Cards by June 30, 2025, as part of its 2-year pilot program in partnership with the City of Philadelphia.
SEPTA planned general availability of contactless payments on Regional Rail for 2025.
The new 130 low floor streetcars being built and delivered by Alstom are scheduled to enter service between 2027 and 2030 on the Subway-Surface trolleys, Route 15, and the suburban trolleys.
The new 130 low floor streetcars being built and delivered by Alstom are scheduled to enter service between 2027 and 2030 on the Subway-Surface trolleys, Route 15, and the suburban trolleys.
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