Boston is the capital and most populous city of Massachusetts, serving as the cultural and financial hub of New England. It covers 48.4 square miles and had a population of 675,647 in 2020, making it the third-largest city in the Northeastern United States. The Greater Boston metropolitan area, with a population of 4.9 million as of 2023, is the largest in New England and the eleventh-largest in the U.S.
The Boston Red Sox became a founding member of the American League of Major League Baseball in 1901.
In 1903, Boston was the site of the first game of the first modern World Series.
The Longfellow Bridge was built in 1906. Robert McCloskey mentioned it in "Make Way for Ducklings", describing its "salt and pepper shakers" feature.
On July 4, 1911, Boston recorded its highest temperature at 104 °F (40 °C).
Boston's first professional baseball team played under the name Beaneaters until 1911.
In 1912, Fenway Park was built and is the oldest sports arena or stadium in active use in the United States.
In 1912, Fenway Park, the home of the Boston Red Sox, opened.
In 1912, the city of Boston annexed Hyde Park.
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) moved across the Charles River to Cambridge in 1916.
On December 30, 1917, Boston recorded its record cold daily maximum at 2 °F (−17 °C).
Logan International Airport opened on September 8, 1923.
The Boston Garden opened in 1928.
In January 1930, Frank G. Allen, Governor of Massachusetts, appointed John C. Hull as the first Securities Director of Massachusetts.
On May 4, 1932, John C. Hull introduced a bill to the committee on Banks and Banking in the Massachusetts House of Representatives for revision and simplification of the law relative to the sale of securities.
In 1933, Harvard professors Felix Frankfurter, Benjamin V. Cohen, and James M. Landis drafted the Securities Act of 1933.
On February 9, 1934, Boston recorded its lowest temperature at −18 °F (−28 °C).
On November 15, 1934, Joseph P. Kennedy Sr., the 1st Chair of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, spoke before the Boston Chamber of Commerce, warning against fraudulent securities sales.
In 1953, the massive Columbia Point public housing complex was built in Dorchester, adjoining the Columbia Point Health Center.
Boston's property crime rate in 2022 is lower than the national property crime rate of 1954.4 per 100,000 people.
February 4, 2023, the temperature dipped down to −10 °F (−23 °C), this was the lowest temperature reading in the city since 1957.
In 1957, the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA) was established to initiate urban renewal projects in response to Boston's economic decline.
In 1958, the BRA initiated a project to improve the historic West End neighborhood, involving extensive demolition and displacement.
In 1960, the New England Patriots were founded as the Boston Patriots.
In 1965, the Columbia Point Health Center opened in the Dorchester neighborhood, becoming the first Community Health Center in the United States.
In 1971, the Boston Patriots relocated to suburban Foxborough.
Starting in 1974, Boston experienced conflict over desegregation busing, which resulted in unrest and violence around public schools throughout the mid-1970s.
On August 2, 1975, Boston recorded its record warm daily minimum at 83 °F (28 °C).
From 1984 to 1990, the Columbia Point complex was redeveloped into a mixed-income residential development called Harbor Point Apartments.
In 1990, Boston had 152 murders, resulting in a murder rate of 26.5 per 100,000 people.
In 1990, the Columbia Point Health Center was rededicated as the Geiger-Gibson Community Health Center.
From 1991 through April 2019, The Improper Bostonian, a glossy lifestyle magazine, was published.
In 1993, The Boston Globe was acquired by The New York Times.
Murders in Boston dropped to 31 in 1999, resulting in a murder rate of 5.26 per 100,000 people.
In 2000, non-Hispanic Whites made up 49.5% of Boston's population, marking the first time the city became majority minority.
The Patriots won a championship in 2001.
The Patriots won a championship in 2003.
In 2004, FleetBoston Financial was acquired by Bank of America, based in Charlotte.
The Patriots and Red Sox won championships in 2004.
In 2007, Boston commissioned its first climate action plan covering carbon reduction in buildings, transportation, and energy use.
In 2007, the Central Artery/Tunnel Project, known as the Big Dig, was completed after many delays and cost overruns.
The Central Artery/Tunnel Project, known as the "Big Dig", ran from 1991 to 2007 and altered the geography of downtown and South Boston by removing the elevated Central Artery and incorporating new green spaces.
The Red Sox won a championship in 2007.
Data is from the American Community Survey's five-year estimates (2008–2012).
The Celtics won a championship in 2008.
In 2009, The Christian Science Monitor, headquartered in Boston, ceased daily print editions, transitioning to continuous online and weekly magazine format publications.
As of 2010, the Catholic Church had the highest number of adherents as a single denomination in the Greater Boston area.
In the 2020 census, Boston was estimated to have 691,531 residents living in 266,724 households—a 12% population increase over 2010.
In late July 2011, Boston launched its bikeshare program, Bluebikes (originally called Hubway).
During the winter of 2011–12, Boston saw only 9.3 inches (23.6 cm) of accumulating snow.
In 2011, 21.2 million domestic and international visitors spent $8.3 billion in Boston.
In 2011, Boston released an updated version of its climate action plan.
The Bruins won a championship in 2011.
Data from the 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates showed the largest ancestry groups in Boston.
Democrat Elizabeth Warren was first elected as the state's senior member of the United States Senate in 2012.
On April 15, 2013, two bombs were detonated near the finish line of the Boston Marathon, killing three people and injuring roughly 264.
As of 2013, Boston households provided the highest average rate of philanthropy in the nation.
Democrat Ed Markey was elected in 2013 to succeed John Kerry in the United States Senate.
Hospitals, universities, and research institutions in Greater Boston received more than $1.77 billion in National Institutes of Health grants in 2013.
In 2013, Mayor Thomas Menino introduced the Renew Boston Whole Building Incentive to reduce the cost of living in energy-efficient buildings.
In 2013, The Boston Globe was resold to Boston businessman John W. Henry, reversing the 1993 acquisition by The New York Times.
In 2013, over 27,000 Chinese Americans resided in Boston.
The Red Sox won a championship in 2013.
According to a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center, 57% of Boston's population identified as Christians.
In 2014, Boston released an updated version of its climate action plan.
The Patriots won a championship in 2014.
As of 2015, the Boston metro area contained a Jewish population of approximately 248,000.
Data from the 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates showed the largest ancestry groups in Boston.
In 2016, 33.8 percent of Boston households lacked a car, compared to the national average of 8.7 percent, with the city averaging 0.94 cars per household.
In 2016, Boston briefly shouldered a bid as the U.S. applicant for the 2024 Summer Olympics but dropped it due to public opposition.
In 2016, General Electric announced that it would move its corporate headquarters from Connecticut to the Seaport District in Boston.
The Patriots won a championship in 2016.
In 2017, the Overwatch League's Boston Uprising was established, becoming the first team to complete a perfect stage without any losses.
According to 2018 estimates, the Dominican population in Greater Boston grew significantly, reaching 150,000.
In the 2018 Global Financial Centres Index, Boston was ranked as having the 13th-most competitive financial services center in the world.
The Patriots and Red Sox won championships in 2018.
The Improper Bostonian, a glossy lifestyle magazine, ceased publication in April 2019.
On July 21, 2019, Boston recorded its record warm daily minimum at 83 °F (28 °C).
In September 2019, Boston formally inaugurated Boston Saves, a program providing every kindergartner a $50 savings account for college or career training.
A climate action plan from 2019 anticipates 2 ft (1 m) to more than 7 ft (2 m) of sea-level rise in Boston by the end of the 21st century.
In 2019, Boston released an updated version of its climate action plan, including the Building Energy Reporting and Disclosure Ordinance.
In 2020, the population of Boston was recorded as 675,647, according to the census. This made it the third-largest city in the Northeastern United States.
Kim Janey became the Acting Mayor of Boston in March 2021, following Marty Walsh's confirmation as Secretary of Labor.
Boston allocated $414 million in spending to the Boston Police Department in the fiscal 2021 budget.
The last reading of 100 °F (38 °C) in Boston occurred on July 24, 2022.
In 2022, Boston reported 3,955 violent crimes and 11,514 property crimes according to the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) program.
On February 4, 2023, Boston experienced its lowest temperature reading since 1957, with the temperature dipping down to −10 °F (−23 °C).
As of 2023, the Greater Boston metropolitan statistical area had a population of 4.9 million, making it the largest metropolitan area in New England and the eleventh-largest in the United States.
By 2023, Boston had emerged as a global leader in higher education, research, and biotechnology, being the largest biotechnology hub in the world.
As of 2024, Boston has won 40 championships in the four major North American men's professional sports leagues plus Major League Soccer and the Celtics won a championship.
As of 2024, Walk Score ranks Boston as the third most walkable U.S. city, with a Walk Score of 83, a Transit Score of 72, and a Bike Score of 69.
In 2016, Boston briefly shouldered a bid as the U.S. applicant for the 2024 Summer Olympics, but the bid was eventually dropped due to public opposition.
In 2024, the Boston Fleet (then known as PWHL Boston) reached the Walter Cup finals in the inaugural PWHL playoffs, losing to the Minnesota Frost (PWHL Minnesota).
Boston is one of eleven U.S. cities which will host matches during the 2026 FIFA World Cup, with games taking place at Gillette Stadium.
Los Angeles secured the right to host the 2028 Summer Olympics after Boston dropped its bid for the 2024 Summer Olympics.
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