Boston is the capital and largest city of Massachusetts, serving as the cultural and financial hub of New England. With an area of 48.4 sq mi, its 2020 population was 675,647, ranking it the third-largest city in the Northeastern United States. The Greater Boston metropolitan area, with 4.9 million residents as of 2023, is the largest in New England and the eleventh-largest in the United States.
In 1901, the Boston Red Sox became a founding member of the American League of Major League Baseball.
In 1903, Boston hosted the first game of the first modern World Series between the Boston Americans and the Pittsburgh Pirates.
The Longfellow Bridge, which was mentioned by Robert McCloskey in "Make Way for Ducklings", describing its "salt and pepper shakers" feature, was built in 1906.
On July 4, 1911, Boston recorded its official record high temperature of 104 °F (40 °C).
Until 1911, Boston's first professional baseball team was named Beaneaters.
Fenway Park, the home of the Boston Red Sox, opened in 1912.
In 1912, Fenway Park was built, becoming the oldest sports arena or stadium in active use in the United States among the four major professional American sports leagues.
In 1912, the city of Boston annexed Hyde Park.
In 1916, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) moved across the Charles River to Cambridge from Boston.
On December 30, 1917, the record cold daily maximum temperature in Boston was 2 °F (−17 °C).
Logan International Airport opened on September 8, 1923.
The Boston Garden opened in 1928.
In January 1930, Frank G. Allen, the Governor of Massachusetts, appointed John C. Hull as the first Securities Director of Massachusetts, highlighting Boston's prominent role in the development of securities laws.
On May 4, 1932, John C. Hull introduced a bill to the committee on Banks and Banking in the Massachusetts House of Representatives for revision and simplification of the law relative to the sale of securities (Chapter 110A).
In 1933, Harvard professors Felix Frankfurter, Benjamin V. Cohen, and James M. Landis drafted the Securities Act.
On February 9, 1934, Boston recorded its official record low temperature of −18 °F (−28 °C).
On November 15, 1934, Joseph P. Kennedy Sr., the 1st Chair of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, gave a speech before the Boston Chamber of Commerce, warning about the deception related to securities sales.
In 1953, the massive Columbia Point public housing complex was built, adjacent to what would become the Columbia Point Health Center.
Before February 4, 2023, the previous sub-zero temperature reading in Boston occurred in 1957.
In 1957, the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA) was established to direct urban renewal projects in response to Boston's economic decline.
In 1958, the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA) initiated a project to improve the historic West End neighborhood, leading to extensive demolition and public opposition.
In 1960, the New England Patriots were founded as the Boston Patriots before changing their name and relocating to Foxborough in 1971.
In 1965, the Columbia Point Health Center opened in the Dorchester neighborhood. It was the first Community Health Center in the United States.
Since 1966, the Boston Braves have played in Atlanta as the Atlanta Braves.
In 1971, the Boston Patriots relocated to suburban Foxborough and changed their name to the New England Patriots.
Starting in 1974, the city of Boston experienced conflict over desegregation busing, leading to unrest and violence around public schools throughout the mid-1970s.
On August 2, 1975, Boston recorded a record warm daily minimum temperature of 83 °F (28 °C).
From 1984 to 1990, the Columbia Point complex was redeveloped into a mixed-income residential development called Harbor Point Apartments.
In 1990, Boston had 152 murders, resulting in a murder rate of 26.5 per 100,000 people.
In 1990, the Columbia Point Health Center was rededicated as the Geiger-Gibson Community Health Center.
From 1991, The Improper Bostonian, a glossy lifestyle magazine, was published.
In 1991, the Central Artery/Tunnel Project, known as the "Big Dig", began.
In 1993, The Boston Globe was acquired by The New York Times.
In 1999, Boston experienced a significant drop in murders to just 31, resulting in a murder rate of 5.26 per 100,000 people.
In 2000, non-Hispanic Whites made up 49.5% of Boston's population, marking the first time the city became majority-minority.
In 2004, FleetBoston Financial, a local financial institution, was acquired by Charlotte-based Bank of America.
In 2004, both the Boston Red Sox and the New England Patriots won championships.
In 2006, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that non-Hispanic Whites had again formed a slight majority in Boston due to gentrification.
In 2007, Boston commissioned its first climate action plan covering carbon reduction in buildings, transportation, and energy use.
In 2007, the Boston Red Sox won a championship.
In 2007, the Central Artery/Tunnel Project, known as the Big Dig, was completed after many delays and cost overruns.
The Central Artery/Tunnel Project (Big Dig) was completed in 2007, removing the elevated Central Artery and incorporating new green spaces and open areas.
Data from the American Community Survey's five-year estimates began being collected in 2008.
In 2009, the Christian Science Monitor, headquartered in Boston, ceased daily print publication, transitioning to continuous online and weekly magazine formats.
As of 2010, the Catholic Church was the largest single denomination in the Greater Boston area, followed by the Episcopal Church and the United Church of Christ.
As of 2010, the non-White population in Boston rebounded, partly due to the housing crash and increased affordable housing efforts, with non-Hispanic Whites comprising 47% of the population.
The 2020 census estimated Boston to have 691,531 residents living in 266,724 households, marking a 12% population increase over 2010.
In late July 2011, the bikeshare program Bluebikes, originally called Hubway, was launched. PBSC Urban Solutions provides bicycles and technology for this bike-sharing system.
During the winter of 2011–12, Boston saw only 9.3 inches (23.6 cm) of accumulating snow.
In 2011, Boston's tourism sector saw 21.2 million domestic and international visitors, contributing $8.3 billion to the economy.
In 2011, an update to the city's climate action plan was released.
According to the 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, data collection began in 2012 for ancestry groups in Boston.
In 2012, Elizabeth Warren, a Democrat, was first elected as the state's senior member of the United States Senate.
On April 15, 2013, two Chechen Islamist brothers detonated bombs near the finish line of the Boston Marathon, killing three people and injuring roughly 264. The event led to a lockdown of Boston and surrounding municipalities, with the region unified by the slogan "Boston Strong".
As of 2013, Boston households provide the highest average rate of philanthropy in the nation, and the city's businesses and institutions rank among the top in the nation for environmental sustainability and new investment.
Hospitals, universities, and research institutions in Greater Boston received more than $1.77 billion in National Institutes of Health grants in 2013.
In 2013, Ed Markey, a Democrat, was elected to the United States Senate to succeed John Kerry.
In 2013, Mayor Thomas Menino introduced the Renew Boston Whole Building Incentive to reduce the cost of living in energy-efficient buildings.
In 2013, The New York Times resold The Boston Globe to Boston businessman John W. Henry.
In 2013, over 27,000 Chinese Americans resided in Boston city proper.
In 2013, the Boston Red Sox won a championship.
According to a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center, 57% of Boston's population identified as Christians, 33% claimed no religious affiliation, and 10% adhered to other faiths.
In 2014, an update to the city's climate action plan was released.
In 2014, over 1.4 million international tourists visited Boston, with the highest numbers coming from China and the United Kingdom.
As of 2015, the Boston metro area had a Jewish population of approximately 248,000.
According to the 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, data collection concluded in 2016 for ancestry groups in Boston.
In 2016, 33.8 percent of Boston households lacked a car, compared to the national average of 8.7 percent. The city averaged 0.94 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8.
In 2016, Boston briefly shouldered a bid as the U.S. applicant for the 2024 Summer Olympics but eventually dropped the bid due to public opposition.
In 2016, General Electric announced it would be moving its corporate headquarters from Connecticut to the Seaport District in Boston.
In 2017, the Overwatch League's Boston Uprising was established, becoming the first team to complete a perfect stage with zero losses.
According to 2018 estimates, the Dominican population in Greater Boston grew significantly to 150,000, alongside other Hispanic/Latino groups such as Puerto Ricans, Salvadorans, Guatemalans, Mexicans, and Colombians.
In 2018, both the Boston Red Sox and the New England Patriots won championships.
In the 2018 Global Financial Centres Index, Boston was ranked as having the 13th-most competitive financial services center in the world and the second-most competitive in the United States.
In April 2019, The Improper Bostonian, a glossy lifestyle magazine, ended its publication.
On July 21, 2019, Boston recorded a record warm daily minimum temperature of 83 °F (28 °C).
In September 2019, Boston formally inaugurated Boston Saves, a program providing every kindergartener a savings account with $50 for college or career training.
A climate action plan from 2019 anticipates 2 ft (1 m) to more than 7 ft (2 m) of sea-level rise in Boston by the end of the 21st century.
In 2019, an update to the city's climate action plan was released.
In 2020, the census recorded Boston's population as 675,647, making it the third-largest city in the Northeastern United States after New York City and Philadelphia.
In March 2021, Kim Janey became the Acting Mayor of Boston following Marty Walsh's confirmation as Secretary of Labor.
Boston allocated $414 million to the Boston Police Department in the fiscal 2021 budget.
The last 100 °F (38 °C) reading in Boston occurred on July 24, 2022.
According to the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) program in 2022, Boston reported 3,955 violent crimes and 11,514 property crimes.
On February 4, 2023, the temperature in Boston dipped down to −10 °F (−23 °C), marking the lowest temperature reading in the city since 1957.
As of 2023, Boston emerged as a global leader in higher education and research and is the largest biotechnology hub in the world. With nearly 5,000 startup companies, the city is considered a global pioneer in innovation, entrepreneurship, and artificial intelligence.
In 2023, the Greater Boston metropolitan statistical area had a population of 4.9 million, making it the largest metropolitan area in New England and the eleventh-largest in the United States.
As of 2024, Boston has won 40 championships in the four major North American men's professional sports leagues plus Major League Soccer.
As of 2024, Walk Score ranks Boston as the third most walkable U.S. city, with a Walk Score of 83, a Transit Score of 72, and a Bike Score of 69.
In 2016, Boston briefly shouldered a bid as the U.S. applicant for the 2024 Summer Olympics but eventually dropped the bid due to public opposition.
In 2024, during the inaugural PWHL playoffs, the Boston Fleet (then known as PWHL Boston) reached the Walter Cup finals, losing to the Minnesota Frost (PWHL Minnesota).
Boston is one of the U.S. cities slated to host matches during the 2026 FIFA World Cup, with games taking place at Gillette Stadium.
Following Boston dropping its bid for the 2024 Summer Olympics, Los Angeles secured the right to host the 2028 Summer Olympics.
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