History of Stock market in Timeline

The stock market is where buyers and sellers trade stocks, representing ownership in businesses. This includes shares listed on public exchanges and private company stock traded privately. Investments are typically made with a specific investment strategy in mind. It serves as a crucial platform for companies to raise capital and for investors to potentially grow their wealth.

October 24, 1929: Black Thursday

On October 24, 1929, Black Thursday marked the start of one of the most famous stock market crashes. The Dow Jones Industrial Average lost 50% during this crash, which led to the Great Depression.

1929: Regulation of margin requirements

Regulation of margin requirements by the Federal Reserve was implemented after the Crash of 1929.

1929: Wall Street Crash of 1929

The Wall Street Crash of 1929 is one of the most famous stock market crashes.

1929: Terrible Thursday

The names "Black Monday" and "Black Tuesday" are also used for October 28–29, 1929, which followed Terrible Thursday—the starting day of the stock market crash in 1929.

1960: Worker to Beneficiary ratio

In 1960, the Worker to Beneficiary ratio was 5:1.

1973: Stock market crash of 1973-4

The stock market crash of 1973–4 is a famous stock market crash.

1980: Market capitalization at US$2.5 trillion

In 1980, the total market capitalization of all publicly traded stocks worldwide was US$2.5 trillion.

1986: Introduction of CATS trading system

In 1986, the CATS trading system was introduced at the Paris Bourse, fully automating the order matching system.

October 19, 1987: Black Monday

On October 19, 1987, Black Monday occurred, starting in Hong Kong and quickly spreading around the world.

1987: Black Monday of 1987

The Black Monday of 1987 is a famous stock market crash.

1987: Puzzles following the crash in 1987

The crash in 1987 raised some puzzles and questions about many important assumptions of modern economics. Trading in stock exchanges worldwide was halted, and the SEC introduced several new measures of control into the stock market in an attempt to prevent a re-occurrence of the events of Black Monday.

1987: Stock market crash

The stock market crash in 1987 saw the Dow Jones Industrial Average plummet 22.6 percent in one day.

1992: Direct ownership of stock by individuals

In 1992, direct ownership of stock by individuals was at 17.8% with the median value of these holdings rising from $14,778.

2000: Dot-com bubble of 2000

The Dot-com bubble of 2000 is a famous stock market crash.

2003: Paper by Vissing-Jørgensen on fixed costs

In a 2003 paper by Vissing-Jørgensen attempts to explain disproportionate rates of participation along wealth and income groups as a function of fixed costs associated with investing.

October 2007: Beginning of the Great Recession

Starting in October 2007, financial markets experienced one of the sharpest declines in decades, marking the beginning of the Great Recession.

2007: Direct ownership of stock by individuals

In 2007, direct ownership of stock by individuals rose slightly to 17.9%, with the median value of these holdings rising to $17,000. Indirect participation in the form of retirement accounts rose to 52.6%, with the median value of these accounts more than doubling to $45,000.

2007: Participation rates across strata of income

In 2007, rates of participation and the value of holdings differed significantly across strata of income, with the top decile having a direct participation rate of 47.5% and an indirect participation rate of 89.6%.

2008: The Great Recession of 2008

Since the Great Recession of 2008, households in the bottom half of the income distribution have lessened their participation rate both directly and indirectly.

2008: Financial crisis

The 2008 financial crisis prompted a heightened degree of scrutiny of the impact of the structure of stock markets.

2008: Stock Market Crash of 2008

The Stock Market Crash of 2008 is one of the most famous stock market crashes.

March 2009: Sharp declines in financial markets

From October 2007 to March 2009, the S&P 500 fell 57%.

2009: Worker to Beneficiary ratio

In 2009, the Worker to Beneficiary ratio was 3:1.

2011: Racial composition of stock market ownership

As of 2011, the national rate of direct participation was 19.6%, for white households the participation rate was 24.5%, for black households it was 6.4% and for Hispanic households it was 4.3%.

February 2012: Introduction of single-stock circuit breakers

In February 2012, the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada (IIROC) introduced single-stock circuit breakers.

2012: S&P 500 Index Average Annual Return

From 2012 to 2021, the S&P 500 index experienced an average annual return of 14.8%, though individual annual returns varied significantly, including negative growth in some years and substantial gains in others.

2012: Role of stock markets in growing industries

In 2012, stock markets play an essential role in growing industries that ultimately affect the economy through transferring available funds from units that have excess funds to those who are suffering from funds deficit.

April 2013: Recovery to 2007 levels

The S&P 500 wouldn't recover to its 2007 levels until April 2013.

2013: Participation rates across strata of income

In 2013, households in the bottom half of the income distribution lessened their participation rate both directly and indirectly from 53.2% in 2007 to 48.8%, while over the same period households in the top decile of the income distribution slightly increased participation 91.7% to 92.1%.

2016: Stock exchanges in the world

As of 2016, there are 60 stock exchanges in the world, with 16 having a market capitalization of $1 trillion or more, accounting for 87% of the global market capitalization.

February 2020: 2020 stock market crash begins

The 2020 stock market crash was a major and sudden global stock market crash that began on 20 February 2020, due to the sudden outbreak of the global pandemic, COVID-19.

2021: S&P 500 Index Average Annual Return

2021: World stock markets increase in value

In 2021, the value of world stock markets experienced an increase of 26.5%, amounting to US$22.3 trillion, with developing economies contributing US$9.9 trillion and developed economies US$12.4 trillion.

January 2022: Largest stock markets by country

In January 2022, the largest stock markets by country were the United States of America (about 59.9%), followed by Japan (about 6.2%) and the United Kingdom (about 3.9%).