History of Storm in Timeline

By Popular Timelines Editorial Team · Updated: July 13, 2026

Apache Storm is a distributed, open-source real-time computation system designed for processing large streams of data with high reliability. Originally developed by Nathan Marz at BackType and later acquired by Twitter, it allows developers to process data in real-time as it arrives, making it ideal for use cases like online machine learning, continuous computation, and distributed RPC. Storm operates using a model of spouts and bolts; spouts ingest raw data streams, while bolts perform processing logic such as filtering, aggregating, or joining data. It is fault-tolerant and highly scalable, ensuring that each unit of data is processed at least once, even if nodes fail. By providing low-latency performance and horizontal scalability, Storm has become a foundational tool in big data architectures, enabling organizations to gain immediate insights from massive, fast-moving datasets.

May 1900: Original Publication of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz

On May 17, 1900, the children's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum, featuring illustrations by W. W. Denslow, was officially published for the first time by the George M. Hill Company in Chicago.

The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (Illustrated First Edition): 100th Anniversary OZ Collection

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1900: Survival of the Galveston Hurricane

In 1900, Hollywood director King Vidor survived the devastating Galveston Hurricane while he was still a boy, an experience that would later influence his creative work.

1900: The Galveston Hurricane of 1900

In 1900, the catastrophic Galveston Hurricane struck, an event that serves as the central focus of the book Isaac's Storm, which examines the impact of the storm and the subsequent meteorological history surrounding the Weather Bureau.

1902: Broadway Musical Adaptation

Following the book's success, L. Frank Baum adapted his original story into a popular Broadway musical that debuted in 1902, sparking the creation of thirteen additional Oz novels.

1926: Release of the silent film The Johnstown Flood

In 1926, the silent film titled The Johnstown Flood was released, which dramatized the historical events surrounding the catastrophic Great Flood of 1889 that devastated Johnstown, Pennsylvania.

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May 1935: Publication of Southern Storm

In May 1935, King Vidor published a fictionalized account of the 1900 hurricane titled Southern Storm in the May 1935 issue of Esquire magazine.

1939: Release of the MGM film adaptation

In 1939, a motion picture adaptation of the story was produced by MGM, which significantly increased the book's popularity and helped establish it as a staple of American popular culture.

1964: Start of Accident Monitoring Period

Starting in 1964, a period of tracking began that would eventually note that wind shear contributed to 26 major civil transport aircraft accidents in the U.S. through 1985.

1970: Previous Hailstone Weight Record

In 1970, a hailstone weighing 1.67 pounds fell in Coffeyville, Kansas, setting a weight record that remained until it was surpassed by the 2010 Vivian event.

November 1971: Mariner 9 Arrival at Mars

On 14 November 1971, the Mariner 9 spacecraft became the first vehicle to successfully enter orbit around another planet. Upon its arrival, scientists discovered that the Martian surface was completely hidden by a massive, planet-wide dust storm, the largest ever recorded at that time. Consequently, the spacecraft's computer was remotely reprogrammed from Earth to postpone surface imaging for several months until the atmospheric dust settled.

November 1982: Death of King Vidor

The acclaimed Hollywood director King Vidor, who was known for surviving the Galveston Hurricane and writing about the event, passed away in November 1982.

1985: Conclusion of Accident Analysis Period

By the end of 1985, data indicated that 26 major civil transport aircraft accidents caused by wind shear had occurred since 1964, resulting in 620 deaths and 200 injuries.

October 1987: The Great Storm of 1987

Between 15–16 October 1987, a powerful weather system struck southern England and northern France, resulting in the most severe damage seen in England since 1703 and causing at least 22 fatalities across the two nations.

Possession

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1988: FAA Wind Shear Mandate

In 1988, following a series of accidents during the 1970s and 1980s, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration mandated that all commercial aircraft be equipped with on-board wind shear detection systems.

September 1990: Discovery of the Dragon Storm

The atmospheric phenomenon known as the Dragon Storm was first observed on Saturn in September 1990.

1991: The Perfect Storm Meteorological Event

In 1991, a major meteorological event known as the Perfect Storm (or the Halloween Nor'easter) occurred, which involved a nor'easter absorbing Hurricane Grace and evolving into a small hurricane.

1991: Beginning of Storm-Related Agricultural Damage Assessment

In 1991, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations began tracking the period that would ultimately account for US$720 billion in agricultural losses due to storm damage.

1993: Deadline for Wind Shear Systems

By 1993, the deadline set by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration for all commercial aircraft to have on-board wind shear detection systems installed was reached.

September 1994: Hubble Space Telescope Images Saturn Storm

In September 1994, the Hubble Space Telescope utilized the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 to capture images of atmospheric storms on Saturn caused by the upwelling of warm air.

1995: Reduction in Wind Shear Accidents

Since 1995, the rate of major civil aircraft accidents attributed to wind shear dropped significantly to approximately one every ten years, aided by ground-based Doppler weather radar and on-board detection systems.

1997: Publication of The Perfect Storm Book

The non-fiction book The Perfect Storm, written by Sebastian Junger, was published in 1997, providing the source material for later film adaptations.

The Perfect Storm: A True Story of Men Against the Sea

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2000: Release of The Perfect Storm Film

In 2000, Warner Bros. released the dramatic disaster film titled The Perfect Storm, which was directed by Wolfgang Petersen and served as a cinematic adaptation of a non-fiction book.

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June 2003: Previous Hailstone Diameter Record

On June 22, 2003, a massive hailstone fell in Aurora, Nebraska, establishing a record for diameter at 7 inches, which stood until the 2010 Vivian event.

2005: Hurricane Katrina in Fiction

In 2005, Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast, leading to its subsequent inclusion as a prominent subject and setting in various works of popular fiction.

2005: Economic Impact Assessment of Hurricane Camille

In 2005, a retrospective economic evaluation was conducted regarding the damage caused by Hurricane Camille, noting that the storm resulted in 259 fatalities and caused $9.14 billion in total damage despite its role in alleviating drought conditions.

2005: Release of Isaac's Storm

In 2005, author Erik Larson published the book Isaac's Storm, which includes a passage excerpted from King Vidor's 1935 magazine article.

June 2010: Discovery of Storm on Exoplanet HD 209458 b

On 23 June 2010, astronomers identified a massive storm on the extrasolar planet HD 209458 b, which was measured to have wind speeds reaching 6,200 km/h (3,900 mph).

July 2010: Record-Breaking Hailstone in Vivian

On July 23, 2010, the largest hailstone in United States history, measured by both diameter and weight, fell in Vivian, South Dakota, weighing 1.93 pounds and measuring 8 inches in diameter.

2023: Completion of Global Storm Damage Calculation

By 2023, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations finalized the calculation showing that storms caused US$720 billion in cumulative agricultural damages between 1991 and 2023.