History of Storm in Timeline

A storm is a disturbed state of an environment or atmosphere, characterized by significant disruptions to normal conditions. These disruptions can include strong winds, tornadoes, hail, thunder and lightning, heavy precipitation, freezing rain, or the transportation of substances like dust. Storms manifest in various forms of severe weather.

May 1900: Publication of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz

On May 17, 1900, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, a children's novel by L. Frank Baum, was originally published by the George M. Hill Company in Chicago.

The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (Illustrated First Edition): 100th Anniversary OZ Collection

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1900: King Vidor Survives the Galveston Hurricane

Hollywood director King Vidor (8 February 1894 – 1 November 1982) survived the Galveston Hurricane of 1900 as a boy.

1900: Galveston Hurricane

Numerous other accounts of the Galveston Hurricane of 1900 have been made in print and in film.

1902: Broadway musical adaptation of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz

In 1902, a popular Broadway musical adapted from L. Frank Baum's original story, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, led to Baum writing thirteen more Oz books.

1926: Release of The Johnstown Flood

In 1926, the silent film The Johnstown Flood was released, featuring the Great Flood of 1889 in Johnstown, Pennsylvania.

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May 1935: Publication of "Southern Storm" by King Vidor

In May 1935, Hollywood director King Vidor published a fictionalized account of the Galveston Hurricane of 1900, titled "Southern Storm", for the May 1935 issue of Esquire magazine.

1939: MGM movie adaptation of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz

In 1939, the MGM movie adaptation of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz came out, making it one of the best-known stories in American popular culture and has been widely translated.

1964: Wind Shear Accidents in the U.S.

Between 1964 and 1985, wind shear directly caused or contributed to 26 major civil transport aircraft accidents in the U.S. that led to 620 deaths and 200 injuries.

1970: Previous Hailstone Weight Record

In 1970, a hailstone that fell in Coffeyville, Kansas, weighed 1.67 pounds, setting the previous record for weight.

November 1971: Mariner 9 orbits Mars amidst planet-wide dust storm

On November 14, 1971, Mariner 9, the first spacecraft to successfully orbit another planet, arrived at Mars. Scientists were surprised to find a planet-wide dust storm obscuring the surface, which was the largest storm ever observed on Mars. The computer was reprogrammed to delay imaging until the dust settled, and the images contributed to atmospheric and planetary surface science.

1985: Wind Shear Accidents in the U.S.

Between 1964 and 1985, wind shear directly caused or contributed to 26 major civil transport aircraft accidents in the U.S. that led to 620 deaths and 200 injuries.

October 1987: The Great Storm of 1987

The Great Storm of 1987 is key in an important scene near the end of Possession: A Romance, the bestselling and Booker Prize-winning novel by A. S. Byatt. The Great Storm of 1987 occurred on the night of 15–16 October 1987, when an unusually strong weather system caused winds to hit much of southern England and northern France.

Possession

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1988: FAA Mandates Wind Shear Detection Systems

In 1988, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) mandated that all commercial aircraft have on-board wind shear detection systems by 1993 due to accidents in the 1970s and 1980s.

September 1990: Observation of Dragon Storm

In September 1990, a storm on Saturn was observed, and it acquired the name Dragon Storm.

1991: The Perfect Storm of 1991

The Perfect Storm of 1991, also known as the Halloween Nor'easter of 1991, was a nor'easter that absorbed Hurricane Grace and ultimately evolved into a small hurricane late in its life cycle.

1993: Implementation of Wind Shear Detection Systems

By 1993, all commercial aircraft in the U.S. were required to have on-board wind shear detection systems, as mandated by the FAA in 1988.

September 1994: Hubble Space Telescope images storms on Saturn

In September 1994, the Hubble Space Telescope used the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 to image storms on Saturn that were generated by an upwelling of warmer air, similar to a terrestrial thunderhead. The east-west extent of the storm equaled the diameter of Earth.

1995: Decrease in Aircraft Accidents Due to Wind Shear

Since 1995, the number of major civil aircraft accidents caused by wind shear has dropped to approximately one every ten years, due to mandated on-board detection systems and the addition of Doppler weather radar units on the ground (NEXRAD).

1997: Publication of The Perfect Storm book

In 1997, Sebastian Junger's non-fiction book The Perfect Storm was published, which features the crew of the Andrea Gail, who got caught in the Perfect Storm of 1991.

The Perfect Storm: A True Story of Men Against the Sea

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2000: Release of The Perfect Storm film

In 2000, Warner Bros. released the dramatic disaster film The Perfect Storm, directed by Wolfgang Petersen, which is an adaptation of Sebastian Junger's 1997 non-fiction book of the same title.

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June 2003: Previous Hailstone Diameter Record

On June 22, 2003, a hailstone that fell in Aurora, Nebraska, measured 7 inches in diameter and 18.75 inches in circumference, setting the previous record for diameter.

2005: Hurricane Camille's Impact

Although Hurricane Camille averted drought conditions and ended water deficits along much of its path, it also killed 259 people and caused $9.14 billion (2005 USD) in damage.

2005: Hurricane Katrina in Fiction

Hurricane Katrina (2005) has been featured in a number of works of fiction.

2005: Publication of Isaac's Storm

In 2005, Erik Larson published Isaac's Storm, which excerpts a passage from King Vidor's "Southern Storm" article.

June 2010: Storm Discovered on HD 209458 b

On June 23, 2010, a storm was discovered on the extrasolar planet HD 209458 b, and it was measured at 6,200 km/h (3,900 mph).

July 2010: Largest Hailstone Recorded in the United States

On July 23, 2010, the largest hailstone in terms of diameter and weight ever recorded in the United States fell in Vivian, South Dakota. It measured 8 inches in diameter and 18.62 inches in circumference, weighing 1.93 pounds.