Telegraphy involves transmitting messages over long distances using codes understood by both the sender and receiver. While ancient signaling systems existed, they lacked the ability to convey arbitrary text messages, unlike true telegraphs. An example of telegraphy is flag semaphore, where flags represent letters or codes. Pigeon post, on the other hand, relies on physically transporting a message and doesn't qualify as telegraphy.
Around 1900, German physicist Arthur Korn invented the Bildtelegraph, a type of fax machine that gained significant popularity in Europe.
By 1900, the decline of the telegraph industry became increasingly apparent, despite a brief surge in popularity due to congratulatory telegrams.
In 1901, Guglielmo Marconi achieved a groundbreaking feat by transmitting the first wireless signals across the Atlantic Ocean.
Nikola Tesla experimented with wireless electric power transmission in 1901, attempting to use the Earth as a conductor, but his ambitious project at Wardenclyffe Tower was ultimately unsuccessful.
Further research into Marconi's long-distance radio transmissions in 1902 led to the discovery of the ionosphere, a layer in the Earth's atmosphere that reflects radio waves.
In 1904, Marconi pioneered the first commercial wireless service by transmitting nightly news summaries to ships equipped to receive them.
A significant milestone in communication history was achieved on October 17, 1907, with the launch of the first regular transatlantic radio-telegraph service.
The Bildtelegraph's use expanded in 1908, notably for transmitting a wanted person's photograph from Paris to London, highlighting its practical application in law enforcement.
Starting in 1915, the use of the heliograph for communication began to decline.
Founded in 1919, the Central Bureau for Registered Addresses in New York City aimed to address the issue of incorrect telegram deliveries.
By 1920, the telegraph industry began a steady decline due to competition from the telephone, which offered faster communication, and the letter post, which was more affordable.
The growth of telephone usage, starting around 1920, significantly contributed to the decline of the telegraph industry, as the telephone offered a faster and more convenient way to communicate.
Despite some setbacks, British companies still controlled a significant 42.7 percent of the world's submarine cables in 1923, demonstrating their continued influence in global communication.
The development of Telex, a revolutionary public switched network of teleprinters, began in Germany in 1926.
Rudolf Hell invented the Hellschreiber, a mechanical image scanning and transmission device, in 1929, which became a major competitor to earlier fax machines.
The year 1929 marked the peak of telegram usage, with an estimated 200 million telegrams sent, highlighting their importance in communication despite the rise of newer technologies.
In 1933, Telex became an operational service in Germany under the Reichspost, the German imperial postal service.
By 1934, the Central Bureau for Registered Addresses had achieved considerable success, with 28,000 registered codes for telegram addresses, indicating a demand for reliable message delivery.
Studies show that before 1950, the average telegram sent in the UK was concise, with a length of 14.6 words or 78.8 characters.
Telex, a network of teleprinters, was introduced in Canada in July 1957, marking a significant advancement in text-based communication.
Following its success in Canada, Telex was introduced in the United States in 1958, expanding its reach and transforming business communication.
The American Standards Association introduced ASCII, a seven-bit code, in 1963, which greatly improved Telex by supporting more characters, including upper and lowercase.
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