Barbara Joan 'Barbra' Streisand is an American singer, actress, songwriter, producer, and director. Over a career spanning more than six decades, she has accomplished significant success in various entertainment fields. Streisand is one of the few performers to have won an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony (EGOT), highlighting her versatility and talent across multiple platforms in the industry.
Barbra Streisand's parents, Diana Ida (née Rosen) and Emanuel Streisand, were both born in 1908.
Barbra Streisand was born on April 24, 1942, in Brooklyn, New York City. She would go on to become a renowned American singer, actress, songwriter, producer, and director, achieving success across multiple fields of entertainment.
In August 1943, a few months after Barbra Streisand's first birthday, her father died at the age of 34 from complications related to an epileptic seizure.
Emanuel Streisand, Barbra Streisand's father, died in 1943.
In 1950, Barbra Streisand's mother remarried Louis Kind, and Streisand gained a half-sister, singer Roslyn Kind.
From Dennen's record collection, Barbra Streisand drew the song A Sleepin' Bee from the 1954 musical House of Flowers, which became significant in her artistic development.
In 1956, Barbra Streisand attended Erasmus Hall High School in Brooklyn, where she excelled academically and joined the Freshman Chorus and Choral Club, singing alongside classmate Neil Diamond.
In the summer of 1957, Barbra Streisand gained her first stage experience as a walk-on at the Playhouse in Malden Bridge, New York, followed by roles in Picnic and Desk Set.
Barbra Streisand graduated from Erasmus Hall High School in January 1959 at the age of 16, and soon after, she began pursuing a career in show business.
In September 1960, Barbra Streisand signed her first professional engagement at the Bon Soir nightclub, earning $125 a week as the opening act for comedian Phyllis Diller.
In early 1960, Barbra Streisand took a job as an usher at the Lunt-Fontanne Theater during the run of The Sound of Music, marking the first time she sang in pursuit of a job.
In April 1961, Barbra Streisand made her first television appearance on The Tonight Show, hosted by Orson Bean. She performed Harold Arlen's 'A Sleepin' Bee' and received high praise from fellow guest Phyllis Diller, who called her 'one of the great singing talents in the world.'
In 1961, Barbra Streisand had successful shows in Detroit and St. Louis, thanks to her new personal manager, Martin Erlichman. This partnership marked the beginning of her rise in the entertainment industry. Erlichman also booked her at the upscale Manhattan nightclub, Blue Angel, where she became a bigger hit. Streisand later reflected on Erlichman as a 'fantastic manager' who continued to manage her career for over 50 years.
In 1961, before being cast in Another Evening With Harry Stoones, Barbra Streisand became a semi-regular on PM East/PM West, a talk/variety series hosted by Mike Wallace and Joyce Davidson. Although only audio recordings and still photos of her segments survive, this show was an important part of her early career.
In 1961, early in her career, Barbra Streisand participated in anti-nuclear activities with the group Women Strike for Peace.
On March 22, 1962, Barbra Streisand's performance in the musical comedy I Can Get It for You Wholesale opened at the Shubert Theater to rave reviews. She played the role of a secretary to the lead actor, Elliott Gould, with whom she fell in love during rehearsals. Streisand's performance earned her a Tony Award nomination and a New York Drama Critic's prize for Best Supporting Actress.
In May 1962, Barbra Streisand appeared on The Garry Moore Show and sang 'Happy Days Are Here Again' for the first time. Her unique, slow rendition of the upbeat 1930s Democratic Party theme song became her signature song during this early phase of her career.
In December 1962, Barbra Streisand made her debut on The Ed Sullivan Show, performing alongside Liberace, who became an instant fan. Liberace invited her to perform as his opening act in Las Vegas, introducing her to West Coast audiences. This appearance marked a significant step in her rising career.
Throughout 1962, Barbra Streisand appeared multiple times on The Tonight Show hosted by Johnny Carson. She became a favorite of both the television audience and Carson himself, who described her as an 'exciting new singer.'
In 1962, Barbra Streisand continued her involvement with the anti-nuclear group Women Strike for Peace.
In early 1962, Barbra Streisand entered the Columbia Records studio for the cast recording of I Can Get It for You Wholesale. That spring, she also participated in a 25th-anniversary studio recording of Pins and Needles. Both albums were well-received, highlighting Streisand's performances.
In 1963, Barbra Streisand released her studio debut, The Barbra Streisand Album, which won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year.
In early 1963, Barbra Streisand released her debut album, The Barbra Streisand Album, which reached the top 10 on the Billboard chart and won three Grammy Awards. The album's success established her as the best-selling female vocalist in the country. Later that year, she released The Second Barbra Streisand Album, solidifying her reputation as a major new talent.
In 1964, Barbra Streisand returned to Broadway with an acclaimed performance as Fanny Brice in Funny Girl at the Winter Garden Theatre. The show introduced two of her signature songs, 'People' and 'Don't Rain on My Parade,' and led to her appearance on the cover of Time magazine. She was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Leading Actress in a Musical.
In 1964, Barbra Streisand was presented the Distinguished Merit Award by Mademoiselle, marking one of her early recognitions in her career.
In 1964, Barbra Streisand's album People topped the US Billboard 200 chart, further cementing her status in the music industry.
In 1965, Barbra Streisand was selected as Miss Ziegfeld, continuing her string of early career accomplishments.
In 1966, Barbra Streisand repeated her Broadway success with Funny Girl in London's West End at the Prince of Wales Theatre. This performance further solidified her international reputation as a leading actress and singer.
In 1967, Barbra Streisand explained her unique spelling of 'Barbra' by stating she dropped an 'a' from 'Barbara' to stand out while keeping her identity.
In July 1968, Barbra Streisand performed at the Hollywood Bowl with Harry Belafonte and others in a concert organized by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference to benefit the poor.
Barbra Streisand starred in the critically acclaimed film Funny Girl in 1968, winning the Academy Award for Best Actress.
In 1968, Barbra Streisand starred in her first film 'Funny Girl', for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress, sharing it with Katharine Hepburn. This was the only tie in this Oscar category.
In 1968, Barbra Streisand received the Israel Freedom Medal, the highest civilian award in Israel, recognizing her contributions and impact.
In 1969, Barbra Streisand starred in the extravagant musical Hello, Dolly!, gaining additional fame on the big screen.
In 1969, Barbra Streisand starred in the film adaptation of Jerry Herman's musical 'Hello, Dolly!', directed by Gene Kelly.
In 1969, Barbra Streisand was awarded the Pied Piper Award by ASCAP and the Prix De L'Academie Charles Cros, acknowledging her musical achievements.
In 1970, Barbra Streisand received a Special Tony Award named 'Star of the Decade', marking a significant recognition in her career.
In 1970, Barbra Streisand starred in two films: 'On a Clear Day You Can See Forever' directed by Vincente Minnelli, and 'The Owl and the Pussycat' based on the Broadway play.
In 1971, Barbra Streisand released the Richard Perry-produced album Stoney End, which marked a shift towards more contemporary material. The title track, written by Laura Nyro, became a major hit and demonstrated Streisand's versatility as an artist.
In 1971, Barbra Streisand was listed among President Richard Nixon's political enemies due to her support for the Democratic Party and its causes.
Barbra Streisand starred in the screwball comedy What's Up, Doc? in 1972.
In 1972, Barbra Streisand headlined the Four for McGovern benefit concert to support the presidential campaign of anti-war candidate George McGovern.
Barbra Streisand starred in the romantic drama The Way We Were in 1973.
In 1974, Barbra Streisand's album The Way We Were topped the US Billboard 200 chart.
In 1976, Barbra Streisand was inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame, marking a significant milestone in her illustrious career.
In 1976, Barbra Streisand won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for writing the love theme from A Star Is Born, becoming the first woman honored as a composer.
In 1978, Barbra Streisand was named Woman of Achievement in the Arts by the Anti-Defamation League, celebrating her excellence in the arts.
In 1979, Barbra Streisand released the duet 'No More Tears (Enough Is Enough)' with Donna Summer. The song became a major hit and, as of 2010, remains one of the most commercially successful duets.
In 1980, Barbra Streisand released her best-selling album to date, Guilty, produced by Barry Gibb. The album featured hits like 'Woman in Love,' 'Guilty,' and 'What Kind of Fool,' and solidified her status as one of the most successful female singers in the U.S.
In 1980, Barbra Streisand's album Guilty topped the US Billboard 200 chart.
In 1981, Barbra Streisand had her last top 10 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 before her 1996 duet 'I Finally Found Someone' with Bryan Adams.
With the release of Yentl in 1983, Barbra Streisand became the first woman to write, produce, direct, and star in a major studio film. The film won an Oscar for Best Original Score and a Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture Musical.
In 1984, Barbra Streisand co-founded the Hollywood Women's Political Committee, an activist group that supported liberal causes and contributed to the Democratic Party.
In 1984, Barbra Streisand donated the Emanuel Streisand Building for Jewish Studies to the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, honoring her father's memory.
In 1984, Barbra Streisand received the Women in Film Crystal Award for her outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry and expanding the role of women within it.
In 1985, Barbra Streisand released The Broadway Album, despite objections from Columbia Records. The album featured songs by renowned composers like Rodgers and Hammerstein and Stephen Sondheim. It achieved significant success, holding the No. 1 Billboard position for three weeks and being certified quadruple platinum. The album also earned Streisand her eighth Grammy as Best Female Vocalist.
In 1985, Barbra Streisand's The Broadway Album topped the US Billboard 200 chart.
In 1986, Barbra Streisand's activist group Hollywood Women's Political Committee played a role in helping the Democratic Party gain majority control in the U.S. Senate.
In 1986, Life magazine named Barbra Streisand as one of 'Five Hollywood's Most Powerful Women', acknowledging her influence and power in the entertainment industry.
In 1986, Barbra Streisand released the live album One Voice. This album came following the tremendous success of The Broadway Album the previous year.
In 1986, Barbra Streisand founded The Streisand Foundation, which has since contributed over $16 million to various causes, including environmental preservation and civil rights.
In 1988, Barbra Streisand released her album Till I Loved You, which included a reworked version of 'All I Ask of You' from her scrapped project of Broadway songs.
In 1988, Barbra Streisand was named as All-Time Favorite Musical Performer by People's Choice Awards, solidifying her status as a beloved musical icon.
Barbra Streisand produced and directed the film The Prince of Tides in 1991.
In 1991, Barbra Streisand received Breakthrough Awards for her work making films that portray women with serious complexity at the Women, Men and Media symposium.
In 1991, Barbra Streisand released a four-disc box set titled Just for the Record. This compilation featured over 70 tracks, including live performances, greatest hits, rarities, and previously unreleased material from her entire career up to that point.
In 1992, Barbra Streisand was given the Commitment to Life Award by AIDS Project Los Angeles, the Bill of Rights Award by the American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California, the Dorothy Arzner Special Recognition by Women in Film, and the Golden Plate by the Academy of Achievement.
In 1992, Barbra Streisand's activist group Hollywood Women's Political Committee funded Bill Clinton's presidential campaign and contributed to electing more women senators.
In 1992, Barbra Streisand received the Grammy Legend Award, a special non-competitive award recognizing her extraordinary contributions to the music industry.
In 1992, Barbra Streisand made an appearance at an APLA benefit, hinting at her potential return to live performances despite her stage fright and security concerns.
In June 1993, Barbra Streisand released Back to Broadway, which debuted at No. 1 on the pop charts. The album featured a duet with Johnny Mathis and marked her return to the recording studio.
In September 1993, Barbra Streisand announced her first public concert appearances in 27 years, leading to a highly successful multi-city tour in 1994.
In 1994, Barbra Streisand was honored with the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, acknowledging her enduring impact on the music industry.
In 1994, Barbra Streisand was honored with the Harry Chapin Humanitarian Award from the ASCAP for her humanitarian efforts.
In 1994, Barbra Streisand's tour, Barbra Streisand: The Concert, became the top-grossing concert of the year and earned five Emmy Awards and the Peabody Award.
In 1995, Barbra Streisand received the Peabody Award and an Honorary Doctorate in Arts and Humanities from Brandeis University, recognizing her significant contributions to the arts.
In 1995, Barbra Streisand spoke at Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government, advocating for the role of artists as citizens and supporting arts programs.
In 1996, Barbra Streisand produced and directed The Mirror Has Two Faces.
In 1996, Barbra Streisand released the duet 'I Finally Found Someone' with Bryan Adams as part of the soundtrack for her movie The Mirror Has Two Faces. The song was nominated for an Oscar and reached #8 on the Billboard Hot 100.
In 1996, Barbra Streisand was awarded Filmmaker of the Year Award for lifetime achievement in filmmaking by ShowEast and received another Peabody Award.
In 1997, Barbra Streisand released Higher Ground, a collection of inspirational songs, which featured a duet with Céline Dion. The album received favorable reviews and debuted at No. 1 on the pop charts.
In 1997, New York magazine acknowledged Barbra Streisand's unique fashion sense, stating that she embarked on a surreal, chameleonic, personal fashion quest that single-handedly began the retro revolution in the 1960s.
On July 1, 1998, Barbra Streisand married actor James Brolin, becoming his second wife. They have no children together, although Brolin has children from his previous marriages.
In 1998, Barbra Streisand married actor James Brolin. This personal milestone was followed by the release of her album A Love Like Ours in 1999.
In 1998, Barbra Streisand was honored with the Christopher Award, further solidifying her legacy in the entertainment industry.
In 1998, Harris Poll reported that Barbra Streisand was the 'Most Popular Singer Among Adult Americans of All Ages', highlighting her broad appeal and popularity.
In 1999, Barbra Streisand was named 'Top Female Artist of the Century' by the Recording Industry Association of America, recognizing her monumental impact on the music industry.
On New Year's Eve 1999, Barbra Streisand returned to the concert stage, selling out tickets in just a few hours. At the end of the millennium, she was the number one female singer in the U.S., with at least two No. 1 albums in each decade since she began performing.
On December 31, 1999, Barbra Streisand performed at the MGM Grand Garden Arena, setting the house record for the highest-grossing concert of all time.
In September 2000, Barbra Streisand announced her retirement from playing public concerts before performing four concerts in Los Angeles and New York.
In September 2000, Barbra Streisand set the first- and second-place house gross records at Madison Square Garden with her concerts.
In 2000, President Bill Clinton presented Barbra Streisand with the National Medal of Arts, the highest honor specifically given for achievement in the arts. She also received the Library of Congress Living Legend award and the AFI Life Achievement Award from the American Film Institute.
In 2001, Barbra Streisand released Christmas Memories, a somewhat somber collection of holiday songs.
In 2001, Barbra Streisand received several accolades, including the Gracie Allen Award and the First Annual Jewish Image Awards, acknowledging her contributions to various fields.
Diana Ida (née Rosen), Barbra Streisand's mother, passed away in 2002.
In 2002, Barbra Streisand was inducted into the Goldmine Hall of Fame, acknowledging her lasting impact on the music industry.
In 2003, Barbra Streisand filed a lawsuit claiming that a website illustrating coastal erosion invaded her privacy because one of its images showed her Malibu home. The suit was dismissed, and the resultant publicity led to hundreds of thousands of people downloading the photo, which had only been accessed four times before the legal action. This incident led to the coining of the term 'Streisand effect' to describe attempts to censor information that unintentionally publicize it further.
In 2003, Barbra Streisand released The Movie Album, which featured famous film themes backed by a large symphony orchestra.
In 2004, Barbra Streisand was honored with the Humanitarian Award from the Human Rights Campaign for her leadership, vision, and activism in civil liberties and gay rights.
In 2005, Barbra Streisand released Guilty Pleasures (titled Guilty Too in the UK), a collaboration with Barry Gibb and a sequel to their earlier album, Guilty.
In February 2006, Barbra Streisand recorded the song 'Smile' with Tony Bennett at her Malibu home. The song was included on Bennett's 80th birthday album, Duets.
In September 2006, Barbra Streisand and Tony Bennett filmed a live performance of the song 'Smile' for the special Tony Bennett: An American Classic, directed by Rob Marshall.
On October 9, 2006, Barbra Streisand performed at Madison Square Garden, setting the third-place house gross record. This was part of her 2006 concert tour, which grossed $92,457,062 and set records in 14 of the 16 arenas.
On November 20, 2006, Barbra Streisand concluded her 2006 concert tour at the Staples Center in Los Angeles. The tour set box office records and grossed $92,457,062, with Streisand performing in 16 arenas and setting records in 14 of them.
On November 21, 2006, the special Tony Bennett: An American Classic, featuring a live performance of 'Smile' by Barbra Streisand and Tony Bennett, aired on NBC and was released on DVD.
In 2006, Barbra Streisand donated $1 million to the William J. Clinton Foundation to support its climate change initiatives.
In 2006, Barbra Streisand was one of the honorees at Oprah Winfrey's white-tie Legends Ball, celebrating her status as a legendary figure in entertainment.
In 2006, Barbra Streisand released 'Live in Concert 2006', a collection of performances from her tour. The album debuted at No. 7 on the Billboard 200.
In 2007, Barbra Streisand gave concerts for the first time in continental Europe, performing in cities such as Zurich, Vienna, Paris, Berlin, and more.
In 2007, Barbra Streisand was inducted into the Long Island Music Hall of Fame, celebrating her contributions to music.
In 2007, Barbra Streisand was ranked the third most generous celebrity on Parade magazine's Giving Back 30 survey for her charitable contributions.
In 2007, French President Nicolas Sarkozy presented Barbra Streisand with the Legion of Honour, the highest decoration in France. She was also honored by President George W. Bush with the Kennedy Center Honors for her cultural achievements.
In February 2008, Forbes listed Barbra Streisand as the No. 2-earning female musician between June 2006 and June 2007, with earnings of about $60 million.
On November 17, 2008, Barbra Streisand returned to the studio to begin recording her 63rd album, with Diana Krall as the producer.
On December 7, 2008, Barbra Streisand visited the White House as part of the ceremonies for the 2008 Kennedy Center Honors, where she was one of the recipients.
In 2008, Barbra Streisand supported the 'No on 8' campaign, opposing California Proposition 8, which aimed to ban same-sex marriage.
On September 26, 2009, Barbra Streisand performed a one-night-only show at the Village Vanguard in New York City's Greenwich Village. This performance was later released on DVD.
On September 29, 2009, Barbra Streisand released the studio album 'Love is the Answer', produced by Diana Krall. The album debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard 200.
On October 2, 2009, Barbra Streisand made her British television performance debut with an interview on 'Friday Night with Jonathan Ross' to promote her album 'Love is the Answer'.
In October 2009, Barbra Streisand sold 526 items at Julien's Auctions, including a costume from 'Funny Lady,' raising funds for her foundation.
In 2009, Barbra Streisand was inducted into the Hit Parade Hall of Fame, further recognizing her achievements in the music industry.
In 2009, Barbra Streisand donated $5 million to endow the Barbra Streisand Women's Cardiovascular Research and Education Program at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.
On January 12, 2010, a devastating earthquake hit Haiti, prompting the release of 'We Are the World 25 for Haiti' to support relief efforts.
On February 1, 2010, Barbra Streisand joined over 80 artists to record a new version of the 1985 charity single 'We Are the World'. The song was released on February 12, 2010, to support relief aid for Haiti following the earthquake on January 12, 2010.
In 2010, Barbra Streisand was inducted into the National Museum of American Jewish History and the California Hall of Fame, honoring her heritage and contributions to the arts.
On February 11, 2011, Barbra Streisand was honored as the MusiCares Person of the Year, two days prior to the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards.
In December 2011, Barbra Streisand appeared at a fundraising gala for Israel Defense Forces charities, showing her support for the organization.
In 2011, Barbra Streisand was given the Board of Governors Humanitarian Award by Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute for her efforts on behalf of women's heart health and her many other philanthropic activities.
In 2011, Barbra Streisand was named MusiCares Person of the Year by the Grammy Foundation, celebrating her artistic achievements in the music industry.
On October 11, 2012, Barbra Streisand performed at Barclays Center in Brooklyn as part of her Barbra Live tour. The concert featured special guests and musical tributes to Donna Summer and Marvin Hamlisch.
In 2012, Barbra Streisand raised $22 million for her women's cardiovascular center, bringing her personal contribution to $10 million.
In 2012, Barbra Streisand received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Women Film Critics Circle, recognizing her enduring contributions to film.
In 2012, Barbra Streisand criticized new laws requiring photo IDs for voters, arguing they disenfranchised elderly and minority citizens.
In 2013, Barbra Streisand was accorded an Honorary Doctorate of Philosophy by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She also received the Charlie Chaplin Award for Lifetime Achievement by the Film Society of Lincoln Center, marking her as the only female artist to direct, write, produce, and star in the same major studio film, Yentl.
In September 2014, Barbra Streisand released 'Partners', an album of duets featuring collaborations with various artists. The album topped the Billboard 200, making Streisand the only recording artist to have a number-one album in each of the last six decades.
In November 2014, Barbra Streisand's album 'Partners' was certified gold, marking her 52nd gold album.
In 2014, Barbra Streisand was featured on one of eight different New York Magazine covers celebrating the magazine's '100 Years, 100 Songs, 100 Nights: A Century of Pop Music in New York.' She also received the American Society of Cinematographers (ASC) Board of Governors Award and the Sherry Lansing Leadership Award at The Hollywood Reporter's annual Women in Entertainment Breakfast.
In January 2015, Barbra Streisand's album 'Partners' was certified platinum, becoming her 31st platinum album.
In May 2015, Viking Press announced that Barbra Streisand's long-awaited memoir, detailing her entire life and career, was anticipated to be published in 2017.
In November 2015, President Barack Obama announced that Barbra Streisand would receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award of the United States, for her significant contributions to American culture.
In 2015, The Daily Telegraph ranked Barbra Streisand as one of the top female singer-songwriters of all time, acknowledging her significant contributions to music.
In May 2016, Barbra Streisand announced her upcoming album 'Encore: Movie Partners Sing Broadway', which would be released in August following a nine-city concert tour.
In December 2016, the Library of Congress chose the film Funny Girl for preservation in the National Film Registry, recognizing its cultural, historical, and aesthetic significance.
In a 2016 interview with Rosie O'Donnell, Barbra Streisand recounted her first moment of inspiration as an artist, which occurred during a recording session with her mother when she was 13.
In January 2017, Barbra Streisand participated in the Women's March in Los Angeles, delivering a speech introduced by Rufus Wainwright.
In March 2017, the song 'People' by Barbra Streisand was selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry. Streisand expressed her humility and honor in having the song recognized as part of the nation's cultural flow.
Barbra Streisand's much-anticipated memoir, covering her life and career, was expected to be published in 2017.
In June 2018, Barbra Streisand confirmed she was working on a new studio album titled 'Walls', which would be released on November 2, 2018.
In October 2018, Barbra Streisand discussed her new album 'Walls' and criticized President Donald Trump, emphasizing the importance of voting for Democrats.
On November 2, 2018, Barbra Streisand released her studio album 'Walls', which includes the lead single 'Don't Lie to Me', a criticism of the political climate in America during Donald Trump's presidency.
In March 2019, Barbra Streisand apologized for her controversial comments regarding Michael Jackson's accusers, acknowledging the sensitivity of the issue.
In June 2020, Barbra Streisand gifted Disney shares to Gianna Floyd, daughter of George Floyd, as a gesture of support.
In 2020, Barbra Streisand continued her voter rights advocacy by promoting VoteRiders, an organization helping citizens obtain voter IDs.
On September 22, 2022, Barbra Streisand was invited by Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelenskyy to become an ambassador for the UNITED24 platform, focusing on medical aid and raising $240,000 for medical care.
On November 7, 2023, Barbra Streisand released 'My Name Is Barbra.' In a BBC interview, she expressed her desire to 'have more fun' in life.
In November 2023, Barbra Streisand praised President Joe Biden for his compassion and intelligence, acknowledging his achievements.
As of 2023, Barbra Streisand held the record for the most albums by a woman to top the US Billboard 200 chart, with a total of 11 albums.
In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Barbra Streisand at number 147 on its list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time. This accolade highlights her lasting impact and influence in the world of music.
On April 25, 2024, Barbra Streisand released the single 'Love Will Survive' from the television series 'The Tattooist of Auschwitz'.