History of Volcanic eruption in Timeline

By Popular Timelines Editorial Team · Updated: November 25, 2025

A volcanic eruption involves the expulsion of material from a volcano. Volcanologists categorize eruptions into different types, often named after volcanoes known for exhibiting that specific behavior. Some volcanoes consistently show only one type of eruption during an active period, while others display various types sequentially within a single eruptive event.

1902: Mount Pelée Eruption in Martinique

In 1902, Mount Pelée in Martinique experienced a Peléan eruption, resulting in one of the worst natural disasters in history. This eruption caused tremendous destruction, killing more than 30,000 people and completely destroying St. Pierre, marking the worst volcanic event in the 20th century.

1947: First English-Language Paper on Glaciovolcanism Published

In 1947, the first English-language paper on glaciovolcanism was published by William Henry Mathews, describing the Tuya Butte field in northwest British Columbia, Canada.

1963: Formation of Surtsey Island off the Coast of Iceland

In 1963, the eruption and formation of the island of Surtsey off the coast of Iceland occurred. This event is the most famous example of a Surtseyan (or hydrovolcanic) eruption, which is characterized by shallow-water interactions between water and lava.

1963: Irazú Volcano Eruption Triggered by Rapid Magma Ascent

In 1963, the eruption of Costa Rica's Irazú Volcano was found to likely be triggered by magma that took a direct route from the mantle over just a few months, according to Columbia University volcanologists.

November 2013: Mount Etna Eruption Records Highest Lava Fountain

On 23 November 2013, the eruption of Mount Etna in Italy produced the highest lava fountain recorded, reaching a stable height of around 2,500 m (8,200 ft) for 18 minutes and briefly peaking at 3,400 m (11,000 ft).