History of Andalusia in Timeline

Andalusia is the southernmost and most populous autonomous community in peninsular Spain. Recognized as a historical nationality, it's divided into eight provinces: Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga, and Seville. Seville is its capital, while Granada houses its High Court of Justice.

1918: Assembly of Ronda

In 1918, the Assembly of Ronda, a gathering of Andalusian nationalists, was held. At this assembly, the design of the Andalusian flag was approved, having been overseen by Blas Infante. The flag consists of green, white, and green horizontal stripes with the Andalusian coat of arms in the center.

1919: Andalusianist Manifesto of Córdoba

In 1919, the Andalusianist Manifesto of Córdoba described Andalusia as a "national reality".

1950: Andalusian Population

In 1950, Andalusia had 20.04 percent of the national population of Spain.

1963: Record rainfall in Sierra de Grazalema

In 1963, the annual rainfall in the Sierra de Grazalema was measured as high as 4,346 millimetres (171.1 in), the highest ever recorded for any location in Iberia.

1978: Backing of constitutional consensus

In 1978, Andalusians broadly backed the constitutional consensus, leading to Article 2 of the Constitution recognizing Andalusia as a nationality.

1978: Spanish Constitution of 1978

The Spanish Constitution of 1978 recognizes Andalusia as a nationality, as stated in Article 2.

February 1980: Referendum on autonomy

On February 28, 1980, a referendum was held regarding the formation of the Autonomous Community of Andalusia.

1980: Autonomy referendum

Andalusia Day is celebrated on February 28, commemorating the 1980 autonomy referendum.

December 1981: Approval of Statute of Autonomy

On December 20, 1981, Organic Law 6/1981 approved the Statute of Autonomy for Andalusia.

1981: Andalusian Population

By 1981, Andalusia had 17.09 percent of the national population of Spain.

1981: Statute of Autonomy

In 1981, Andalusia became an autonomous community under the Statute of Autonomy known as the Estatuto de Carmona.

1981: Autonomous community designation

In 1981, Andalusia was designated as an autonomous community in Spain.

May 1982: First autonomic parliament elections

On May 23, 1982, the first elections to the autonomic parliament took place.

1983: Blas Infante recognized as Father of the Andalusian Nation

In 1983, the Parliament of Andalusia unanimously voted to recognize Blas Infante as the Father of the Andalusian Nation in the preamble to the Statute of Autonomy.

1986: Andalusian Parliament Elections

Further elections to the Andalusian Parliament occurred in 1986.

1989: Halm's etymology proposal

In 1989, Halm proposed that the name "Al-Andalus" was derived from a Gothic term, *landahlauts.

1990: Andalusian Parliament Elections

Further elections to the Andalusian Parliament occurred in 1990.

1994: Andalusian Parliament Elections

Further elections to the Andalusian Parliament occurred in 1994.

1996: Andalusian Parliament Elections

Further elections to the Andalusian Parliament occurred in 1996.

2000: Andalusian Parliament Elections

Further elections to the Andalusian Parliament occurred in 2000.

2000: Integration into Natura 2000 network

The Network of Protected Natural Spaces of Andalusia (RENPA), encompassing 150 protected spaces, became part of the European Union's Natura 2000 network around the year 2000.

2002: Bossong's etymology proposal

In 2002, Bossong suggested that the name "Al-Andalus" was derived from a pre-Roman substrate.

2004: Andalusian Parliament Elections

Further elections to the Andalusian Parliament occurred in 2004.

January 2005: Cold snap in Santiago de la Espada

During the cold snap of January 2005, Santiago de la Espada (Jaén) experienced a temperature of −21 °C (−6 °F).

October 2006: Approval of new Statute of Autonomy

In October 2006, the constitutional commission of the Cortes Generales approved a new Statute of Autonomy for Andalusia, which refers to the community as a 'national reality'.

November 2006: Ratification of Constitutional Commission text

On November 2, 2006, the Spanish Chamber Deputies ratified the text of the Constitutional Commission with 306 votes in favor, none opposed, and 2 abstentions.

December 2006: Senate ratification of referendum

On December 20, 2006, the Senate ratified the referendum to be voted upon by the Andalusian public on February 18, 2007.

February 2007: Referendum on reformed Statute of Autonomy

On February 18, 2007, the reformed Statute of Autonomy was submitted to a popular referendum. The preamble of the 2007 Statute recognizes Andalusia as a nationality.

February 2007: Referendum date

The referendum to be voted upon by the Andalusian public was set for February 18, 2007.

2007: Recognition of Comarcas

In 2007, the Statute of Autonomy mentions comarcas in Article 97 of Title III, establishing a basis for formal recognition in future legislation.

2008: Andalusian Parliament Elections

Further elections to the Andalusian Parliament occurred in 2008.

2008: Start of the legislature

In the current legislature, from 2008 to 2012, the Council of Government includes the heads of various departments.

2009: Andalusian Population

As of 2009, Andalusia has 17.82 percent of the Spanish population.

2009: Constitution

As of 2009, the Spanish Constitution of 1978 is still current.

2012: End of the legislature

In the current legislature, from 2008 to 2012, the Council of Government includes the heads of various departments.

January 2019: Election of Juan Manuel Moreno as President

On January 18, 2019, Juan Manuel Moreno was elected as the sixth president of Andalusia.

August 2021: Record high temperature in Córdoba

On August 14, 2021, a maximum temperature of 47.6 °C (117.7 °F) was recorded at La Rambla, Córdoba, marking one of the highest temperatures ever recorded in Europe.

January 2025: Estimated Population

As of January 1, 2025, the estimated population of Andalusia was 8,663,175.

6/1981: Statute of Autonomy Organic Law

After the approval of the Statute of Autonomy through Organic Law 6/1981 on December 20, 1981, the first elections to the autonomic parliament took place 23 May 1982.