History of Film stock in Timeline
Film stock is a photographic film used to record motion pictures and animations. Movie cameras record images onto the film, which is then developed and edited. Finally, a movie projector displays the final product onto a screen.
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1900: Standardization increased
Between 1900 and 1910, the demand for standardization increased as the quantity of film and filmmakers grew. Film formats gradually became standardized and film stocks improved.
1907: Blair sold his English company to Pathé
In 1907, Blair sold his English company to Pathé and retired to the US.
1908: Perforators made by Bell and Howell
In 1908, the perforators began to be made by Bell and Howell, and Eastman Kodak used the Bell and Howell machine to perforate its films.
1908: Practical color film commercially viable
Practical color film was not commercially viable until 1908.
1909: Motion Picture Patents Trust agreed to standard
In 1909, Edison's organization of the Motion Picture Patents Trust agreed to what would become the standard: 35 mm gauge, with Edison perforations and a 1.33 aspect ratio.
1909: Cellulose diacetate viable replacement base
In 1909, tests showed cellulose diacetate to be a viable replacement base, and Kodak began selling acetate-base films the following year in 22 mm widths for Edison's work on the Home Kinetoscope.
1910: Pathé purchased film prints
In 1910, Pathé began supplementing its operations by purchasing film prints, stripping the emulsion from the film base, and re-coating it.
1911: American film studios returned to using nitrate stock
In 1911, the major American film studios returned to using nitrate stock.
1912: Home Kinetoscope commercially released
In 1912, Edison's Home Kinetoscope was commercially released.
1913: Agfa began to produce motion picture film
In 1913, Agfa began producing motion picture film, but remained a largely local supplier until World War I boycotts of popular French, American and Italian film stocks allowed the UFA film studio to flourish, boosting Agfa's orders.
1913: Panchromatic film created
In 1913, panchromatic film was created for use in early color film processes such as Kinemacolor.
1916: Kodak released Cine Negative Film Type E
In 1916, Kodak released Cine Negative Film Type E with improvements in granularity and sharpness.
1916: Separate "Cine Type" films offered
In 1916, separate "Cine Type" films were offered by Eastman, differentiating them from general photographic film.
1917: Kodak released Cine Negative Film Type F
In 1917, Kodak released Cine Negative Film Type F (later known as Negative Film Par Speed Type 1201), with improvements in granularity and sharpness.
1917: Technicolor processes 1 through 4
Technicolor processes 1 through 4 occurred between 1917 and 1954.
1918: Panchromatic film first used in a black-and-white film
Panchromatic film was first used in a black-and-white film for exterior sequences in Queen of the Sea in 1918 and was originally available as a special order product.
1920: X-back film introduced
In 1920, a variant of Type F film known as X-back was introduced to counteract the effects of static electricity on the film.
1922: Kodak financed The Headless Horseman to promote panchromatic film
In 1922, Kodak financed a feature, The Headless Horseman, shot entirely with panchromatic stock, to promote the film when Kodak introduced it as a standard option.
1925: Gevaert established
In 1925, Belgian Gevaert was established as a film stock manufacturer.
1925: Gevaert introduced panchromatic and orthochromatic stock
In 1925, Gevaert introduced an orthochromatic stock with limited color sensitivity and a fully panchromatic stock, Pan-23.
1926: E.I. Dupont de Nemours established
In 1926, American E.I. Dupont de Nemours was established.
1926: Kodak lowered the price of panchromatic stock
In 1926, Kodak lowered the price of panchromatic stock to parity with its orthochromatic offering.
1928: Shift to panchromatic stocks largely complete
By 1928, the shift to panchromatic stocks was largely complete as similar panchromatic film stocks were also manufactured by Agfa and Pathé.
1930: Kodak discontinued orthochromatic stock
In 1930, Kodak discontinued orthochromatic stock.
1935: Kodak introduced Kodachrome for 16 mm
In 1935, Kodak introduced Kodachrome for 16 mm film, marking a milestone for amateur use of color film.
1936: Kodak introduced Kodachrome for 8 mm
In 1936, Kodak introduced Kodachrome for 8 mm film, further expanding amateur use of color film.
1941: Technicolor introduced Monopack
In 1941, Technicolor introduced a color reversal stock, called Monopack, for location shooting.
1950: Eastman Kodak introduced their first 35mm color negative stock
In 1950, Eastman Kodak introduced their first 35mm color negative stock, Eastman Color Negative film 5247.
1951: Kodak discontinued the manufacture of nitrate base
In 1951, Kodak discontinued the manufacture of nitrate base, and the industry transitioned entirely to safety film in 1951 in the United States and by 1955 internationally.
1952: Eastman Color Negative film 5248 adopted by Hollywood
In 1952, Eastman Color Negative film 5248, a higher quality version of the previous film, was quickly adopted by Hollywood, replacing both the expensive three-strip Technicolor process and Monopack.
1954: End of Technicolor processes 1 through 4
Technicolor processes 1 through 4 ended in 1954.
1955: Industry transitioned entirely to safety film internationally
By 1955, the film industry transitioned entirely to safety film internationally.
2000: Lengths can vary anywhere from 25 to 2000 feet.
Depending on the manufacturing processes and camera equipment, film lengths can vary anywhere from 25 to 2000 feet as of the year 2000.
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