A fin is a thin component or appendage attached to a larger body or structure. Its primary functions include producing lift or thrust, steering, and stabilizing motion in fluids such as water or air. Additionally, fins can increase surface areas to enhance heat transfer or serve as decorative elements.
In 2000, research by Nauen and Lauder indicated that finlets in scombrid fishes have a hydrodynamic effect on local flow during steady swimming, potentially increasing thrust produced by the tail of swimming mackerel.
In 2001, Nauen and Lauder continued their research, showing that the most posterior finlet is oriented to redirect flow into the developing tail vortex, which may increase thrust produced by the tail of swimming mackerel.
In 2004, Hugh Herr at MIT prototyped a biomechatronic robotic fish by transplanting muscles from frog legs to the robot and making it swim by pulsing muscle fibers with electricity.
In 2005, the Sea Life London Aquarium displayed three robotic fish created by the University of Essex. These autonomous robotic fish were designed to swim around and avoid obstacles like real fish, combining the speed of tuna, acceleration of a pike, and the navigating skills of an eel.
In 2009, University of Chicago researchers found genetic evidence suggesting that the genetic architecture of gills, fins, and limbs is the same, supporting the idea that fins may have evolved from gill tissues.
In 2011, researchers at Monash University and the University of Chicago used lungfish to trace the evolution of pelvic fin muscles and found characteristics of walking gaits of terrestrial tetrapods in bottom-walking lungfishes.
In 2011, researchers used volumetric imaging techniques to generate the first instantaneous three-dimensional views of wake structures produced by freely swimming fishes. They found that continuous tail beats resulted in a linked chain of vortex rings.
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