History of Immunization in Timeline
Immunization fortifies the immune system against infectious agents. Exposure to foreign molecules (non-self) triggers an immune response and develops immunological memory, a function of the adaptive immune system. Active immunization involves controlled exposure to an immunogen, enabling the body to learn self-protection, primarily improving T cells, B cells, and antibody production. Memory B and T cells ensure a rapid response upon subsequent encounters. Passive immunization, in contrast, directly introduces these immune elements into the body, bypassing the body's own production.
1962: Vaccination Assistance Act
Since 1962, with the enactment of the Vaccination Assistance Act, the United States began moving towards the socially optimal outcome on a larger scale regarding immunizations.
1979: Polio Elimination in the U.S.
In 1979, Polio was eliminated in the U.S. thanks to the efforts of healthcare professionals and parents who vaccinated their children.
1999: Higher Mortality Rates in African Americans
From 1999 to 2018, an analysis of mortality from influenza and pneumonia revealed that African Americans died of these causes at higher rates than European Americans.
2018: Higher Mortality Rates in African Americans
From 1999 to 2018, an analysis of mortality from influenza and pneumonia revealed that African Americans died of these causes at higher rates than European Americans.
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