The Tour de France is an annual multiple-stage bicycle race primarily held in France. Considered the most prestigious of the three Grand Tours, it is also the oldest.
November 1902: Crisis Meeting at L'Auto
In November 1902, a crisis meeting was held at the L'Auto office due to the newspaper's struggling sales. Géo Lefèvre, a cycling journalist, proposed a six-day race across France as a solution.
January 1903: Tour de France Announcement
L'Auto publicly announced the Tour de France in January 1903.
July 1903: First Tour de France Commences
The inaugural Tour de France started on July 1, 1903, at the junction of the Melun and Corbeil roads in Montgeron. Interestingly, L'Auto did not feature the race on its front page that day.
July 1903: Desgrange's Announcement Style
On July 1, 1903, Henri Desgrange announced the new race, drawing inspiration from writer Émile Zola's involvement in the Dreyfus Affair.
1903: First Tour de France and the Largest Winning Margin
The inaugural Tour de France took place in 1903, with Maurice Garin emerging victorious by a massive margin of 2 hours, 49 minutes, and 45 seconds over Lucien Pothier.
1903: Parc des Princes Hosts Early Tour de France Finishes
Between its inception in 1903 and 1967, the Tour de France concluded at the Parc des Princes stadium located in the western part of Paris.
1903: First Tour de France Adjustments
The organizers of the inaugural Tour de France in 1903 made significant adjustments due to a lack of participant interest. The race length was shortened, dates changed, and financial incentives were introduced.
1903: First Three Editions of the Tour de France
The first three editions of the Tour de France, from 1903 to 1905, were confined to routes within France.
1903: Doping Emerges as an Issue in the Tour de France
Since its inception in 1903, the Tour de France has been plagued by doping allegations, highlighting the ethical challenges faced by the sport from its early days.
1903: Maurice Garin Wins Inaugural Tour de France
Maurice Garin made history in 1903 by winning the inaugural edition of the Tour de France, holding the yellow jersey from start to finish.
1903: Tour de France Inauguration
In 1903, the Tour de France was first organized to boost sales for the newspaper L'Auto.
1903: Origin of the Tour de France
Henri Desgrange, a prominent cyclist and editor of the sports newspaper L'Auto, founded the Tour de France in 1903. The creation of the race was fueled by the rivalry between L'Auto and Le Vélo, another sports newspaper. The rivalry stemmed from the Dreyfus Affair, a divisive controversy in late 19th-century France.
1904: Concerns About Cheating
Concerns arose regarding potential cheating in the 1904 Tour de France.
1904: Night Riding Eliminated Due to Cheating
In 1904, the Tour de France eliminated night riding after persistent cheating occurred during the second edition of the race. This decision aimed to maintain the integrity of the competition, as judges found it difficult to monitor riders in the dark.
1904: Closure of Le Vélo
Le Vélo, the rival newspaper of L'Auto, ceased publication in 1904, highlighting the impact of the Tour de France.
1904: Controversy and Initial Cancellation of the Tour de France
The 1904 Tour de France was marred by widespread cheating and rider intimidation from rival fans. This led to the disqualification of top contenders and Henri Desgrange initially declaring the end of the race.
1905: First Three Editions of the Tour de France
The first three editions of the Tour de France, from 1903 to 1905, were confined to routes within France.
1905: Introduction of the Point-Based System
In response to cheating concerns in the previous year's race, the Tour de France introduced a point-based system in 1905 to determine the winner of the general classification. This system remained in place until 1912.
1905: Tour de France Revival and Rule Changes
After a brief hiatus, the Tour de France resumed in 1905 with modifications, including a longer race format and daylight racing to combat cheating.
1906: Experimentation with Race Judging
Between 1906 and 1912, Henri Desgrange experimented with different methods of determining the Tour de France winner, including total accumulated time and points for daily placings.
1908: Tour de France Circulation Growth
By 1908, L'Auto's circulation significantly increased to a quarter of a million, reflecting the growing popularity of the Tour de France.
1908: Introduction of "Le Prix du Courage"
In 1908, a precursor to the combativity award was introduced. Called "Le Prix du Courage," it recognized the rider who displayed exceptional energy throughout the race.
1910: Introduction of Mountain Stages
The year 1910 marked a significant shift in the Tour de France with the introduction of the first mountain stages in the Pyrenees. This change added a new layer of difficulty to the race, challenging riders with grueling ascents and treacherous descents.
1912: Conclusion of Judging Experimentation
Desgrange's experimentation with different judging methods for the Tour de France ended in 1912.
1919: Introduction of the Yellow Jersey
In 1919, the iconic yellow jersey was introduced to the Tour de France. The color was chosen as it matched the yellow paper used by the newspaper that created the Tour, L'Auto. The first rider to wear this symbol of the Tour de France was Eugène Christophe.
1920: Jules Deloffre Begins Record-Breaking Streak
The year 1920 marked the start of Jules Deloffre's record-breaking run in the Tour de France, a streak that would last until 1985.
1921: Expansion of Media Coverage in the Tour de France
In a significant departure from previous years, the 1921 Tour de France allowed press cars from publications other than the organizer's newspaper, L'Auto, to follow the race. This change marked the beginning of broader media coverage of the event, with 15 press cars allocated to regional and international journalists.
1923: Introduction of "Tourists of the Road"
In 1923, the Tour de France introduced a new category of participants known as "touriste-routiers," or "tourists of the road." These riders, competing as individuals, added a unique dimension to the race, often displaying colorful personalities and remarkable resilience.
1923: Allowing Bicycle Exchanges in Limited Circumstances
In 1923, the Tour de France introduced a rule allowing riders to exchange a damaged bicycle for another, but only under specific circumstances. This change provided a degree of flexibility while maintaining the emphasis on riders' ability to handle mechanical issues.
1923: Continued Circulation Growth
The Tour de France continued to grow, with L'Auto's circulation reaching 500,000 by 1923.
1924: Standardization of Stage Format
By 1924, the Tour de France established a format of 15 stages, which remained consistent for several years. This standardization brought a sense of structure and predictability to the race, allowing riders and fans to anticipate the challenges ahead.
1924: Henri and Charles Pélissier Expose Doping Practices
Henri Pélissier and his brother Charles revealed their use of substances like strychnine, cocaine, and chloroform during the Tour de France, exposing the widespread doping practices within the sport. Their revelations, published in "Le Petit Parisien" as "Les Forçats de la Route" (The Convicts of the Road), brought the issue to public attention.
1924: Ottavio Bottecchia Dominates Tour de France
Ottavio Bottecchia delivered a dominant performance in the 1924 Tour de France, maintaining the yellow jersey from the first stage to the last and securing a convincing overall victory.
1925: Lifting the Ban on Team Pacing
The year 1925 saw a significant rule change in the Tour de France, as organizers lifted the ban on team members pacing each other. This change altered the dynamics of the race, allowing teams to strategize and support their lead riders more effectively.
1927: Experimentation with Team Time-Trials
The Tour de France experimented with team time-trials in 1927 and 1928. This format, aimed at reducing the prevalence of sprint finishes on flat stages, proved unsuccessful but highlighted the organizers' willingness to innovate and explore new approaches to the race.
1928: Nicolas Frantz and His Team Dominate Tour de France
The 1928 Tour de France saw a remarkable display of dominance by Nicolas Frantz and his cycling team. Frantz held the yellow jersey throughout the entire race, and his team secured all three podium positions, a feat unmatched in the history of the Tour.
1929: Maurice De Waele's Controversial Victory
The 1929 Tour de France witnessed controversy surrounding Maurice De Waele's victory, as he won despite suffering from illness. This event raised questions about the role of team tactics and the overall fairness of the competition.
1929: First Live Radio Broadcast of the Tour de France
The year 1929 saw a groundbreaking moment in the coverage of the Tour de France with the first live radio broadcast of the race. Jean Antoine and Alex Virot from the newspaper L'Intransigeant provided commentary for Radio Cité using telephone lines to relay information to listeners.
1930: Charles Pélissier's Eight Stage Wins
Charles Pélissier achieved a remarkable feat in the 1930 Tour de France by winning eight stages.
1930: The Publicity Caravan is Born
Facing increased costs due to the shift to national teams in 1930, Tour de France organizer Henri Desgrange came up with an innovative solution: he allowed advertisers to drive ahead of the race. This marked the birth of the publicity caravan, a procession of colorfully decorated vehicles that has since become an integral part of the Tour de France.
1930: Implementation of National Teams and Standardized Bicycles
In 1930, the Tour de France introduced significant changes, requiring competitors to participate in national teams and ride standardized yellow bicycles provided by the organizers. This attempt to wrest control from trade teams aimed to level the playing field and emphasize national pride.
1930: The Peak of the Tour de France Publicity Caravan
The Tour de France publicity caravan, a parade of vehicles advertising products, reached its peak in popularity in 1930 before the advent of widespread television in France. During this time, advertisers used various extravagant methods like motorcycle acrobatics and musical performances to attract public attention.
1930: Requirement for Riders to Mend Bicycles Unaided
Until 1930, the Tour de France mandated that riders repair their bicycles without assistance, reinforcing the self-sufficiency and resourcefulness expected of competitors. This rule showcased the mechanical skills and determination of cyclists in the early days of the race.
1931: Fabio Battesini Becomes Youngest Stage Winner
At the age of 19, Fabio Battesini became the youngest rider to win a stage in the Tour de France during the 1931 edition.
1932: Sound Recording and Transmission from the Col d'Aubisque
In an innovative feat for the time, the sound of riders ascending the Col d'Aubisque in the Pyrenees was recorded and broadcast later in 1932. This event marked a significant advancement in the use of technology to bring the sounds of the Tour de France to a wider audience.
1932: Release of "P'tit gars du Tour"
The song "P'tit gars du Tour" was released in 1932, inspired by the Tour de France.
1933: Record-Breaking Circulation
Henri Desgrange reported a record-breaking circulation of 854,000 for L'Auto during the 1933 Tour de France.
1933: Introduction of the Mountains Classification
The mountains classification was added to the Tour de France in 1933. Vicente Trueba was the first cyclist to win the classification.
1934: First Awarding of Prizes for the Mountains Classification
In 1934, prizes were awarded for the mountains classification for the first time in the Tour de France.
1934: First Time Trial
The Tour de France held its first time trial in 1934, covering an 80-kilometer distance between La Roche-sur-Yon and Nantes.
1936: Release of "Les Tours de France"
The song "Les Tours de France" was released in 1936, capturing the French public's fascination with the cycling race.
1936: Increase in Daily Stages
The 1936 Tour de France saw a notable increase in the number of stages held within a single day, with as many as three stages taking place. This compression of the race schedule demanded even greater endurance and resilience from the participating cyclists.
1936: Desgrange's Determination Amidst Illness
Despite undergoing a prostate operation, Henri Desgrange remained committed to the Tour de France in 1936. He convinced his surgeon to allow him to follow the race between operations, demonstrating his unwavering passion for the event.
1937: Introduction of Metal Rims
After years of resistance, the Tour de France finally allowed the use of metal rims in 1937. This change, driven by technological advancements and safety concerns, marked a departure from the traditional use of wooden rims, reflecting the evolution of cycling equipment.
1939: Exclusion of Last-Place Rider
In an attempt to make the race more competitive, organizers of the 1939 Tour de France implemented a rule that led to the daily elimination of the last-place rider.
1939: Tour de France Disrupted by War
The outbreak of war in 1939 led to the disruption of the Tour de France, as the conflict made it impossible to hold the race safely.
August 1940: Death of Henri Desgrange
In August 1940, Henri Desgrange, the founder of the Tour de France, passed away. His death marked the end of an era for the race, as his vision and leadership had shaped the event since its inception.
1940: Tour de France Planned Along Maginot Line Cancelled Due to War
Henri Desgrange, the founder of the Tour de France, had planned to hold the race in 1940 despite the ongoing war, with a route that included a section along the Maginot Line. However, the German invasion of France led to the cancellation of the race, which did not resume until 1947.
1944: Closure of L'Auto and Government Seizure of the Tour
In 1944, the newspaper L'Auto, which owned the Tour de France, was shut down by the government for its wartime publications. The rights to the Tour were then seized, leading to uncertainty about the race's future.
1947: L'Équipe Awarded Rights to Organize the Tour
Following a period of uncertainty, L'Équipe, a new sports newspaper, was granted the right to organize the Tour de France in 1947. This decision marked a turning point for the race, as it transitioned to new ownership and leadership.
1947: Jean Robic's Last-Minute Victory at the Tour de France
In a stunning turn of events at the 1947 Tour de France, Jean Robic overcame a significant three-minute deficit during the final 257-kilometer stage into Paris to secure an unexpected victory. His remarkable performance demonstrated the unpredictable nature of the race.
1947: Albert Bourlon's Record-Breaking Breakaway
Albert Bourlon achieved the longest successful solo breakaway in Tour de France history during the 1947 race. He stayed ahead for 253 kilometers in the Carcassonne-Luchon stage.
July 1948: First Live Television Broadcast of the Tour de France Finish
In July 1948, the Tour de France achieved a major milestone with the first live television broadcast of the race's finish at the Parc des Princes in Paris. This event marked only the second time a sporting event in France had been broadcast live on television.
1948: Brief Return of Last-Place Rider Exclusion
The controversial rule of excluding the last-place rider from the Tour de France, previously implemented in 1939, was briefly reinstated in 1948.
1949: Fausto Coppi Achieves Giro-Tour Double
Italian cyclist Fausto Coppi made history in 1949 by becoming the first rider to win both the Giro d'Italia and the Tour de France in the same year, showcasing his exceptional talent and dominance in the sport.
1949: Release of "Five Red Tulips"
Jean Stelli's film "Five Red Tulips", set against the backdrop of the Tour de France, was released. The film's plot, involving the murder of five riders, brought a darker, fictional twist to the race.
1950: Release of "Faire le Tour de France"
The song "Faire le Tour de France" was released in 1950, further demonstrating the event's cultural impact in France.
1952: Coppi Repeats Giro-Tour Double
Fausto Coppi solidified his legacy in 1952 by repeating the remarkable feat of winning both the Giro d'Italia and the Tour de France in a single season, cementing his status as a cycling legend.
1953: Louison Bobet's First Tour de France Victory
In 1953, Louison Bobet emerged as a prominent figure in French cycling by securing his first Tour de France victory. His win marked the start of a period of dominance for the French rider.
1953: Introduction of the Green Jersey Competition
In 1953, the Tour de France introduced the Green Jersey competition, awarding points to riders based on their finishing positions in each stage and intermediate sprints. This addition added another layer of excitement and strategy to the race.
1953: Introduction of the Points Classification
The points classification was introduced in the 1953 Tour de France to encourage participation of sprinters and commemorate the Tour's 50th anniversary. The first winner of this classification was Fritz Schär.
1954: Bobet Secures Second Consecutive Tour de France Win
Louison Bobet continued his winning ways in 1954, successfully defending his Tour de France title and establishing himself as a force to be reckoned with in the cycling world.
1955: Bobet Completes Tour de France Hat-Trick
In 1955, Louison Bobet achieved a remarkable feat by winning his third consecutive Tour de France, solidifying his place as one of the greatest French cyclists of his generation.
1957: Jacques Anquetil's First Tour de France Victory
Jacques Anquetil began his reign as a cycling legend in 1957 by winning his first Tour de France. His victory marked the start of an era dominated by the French rider.
July 1958: Live Television Coverage from the Col d'Aubisque
For the first time in the history of the Tour de France, live television cameras captured the excitement of the race from the slopes of the Col d'Aubisque in July 1958, giving viewers a more immersive experience of this iconic mountain stage.
1958: Modern Combativity Competition Begins
The modern competition for the most combative rider, now known as the prix de la combativité, started in 1958.
1959: Helicopters Introduced for Aerial Filming of the Tour
In a pioneering move to enhance television coverage, helicopters were first used in 1959 to film the Tour de France from the air. This innovation provided viewers with stunning aerial perspectives of the race as it unfolded across the French countryside.
1959: Super Combativity Award Introduced
The Super Combativity Award, recognizing the most combative cyclist of the entire Tour, was introduced in 1959.
1959: Change in the Points System for the Points Classification
The points system for the points classification was changed in 1959. Originally, cyclists received penalty points for not finishing with a high place, but this was changed to award points for high place finishes, making the system more intuitive.
1960: Broadcasting Fees Represent a Small Percentage of Tour de France Budget
In 1960, broadcasting fees constituted a mere 1.5 percent of the Tour de France's overall budget, reflecting the limited role of television revenue in the early years of broadcast rights.
1960: First German Team Returns to the Tour de France
Signaling a thaw in post-war relations, the first official German team participated in the Tour de France in 1960, although individual German riders had competed in mixed nationality teams in the interim years.
1961: Jacques Anquetil's Start-to-Finish Victory
In 1961, Jacques Anquetil accurately predicted his own dominance in the Tour de France, wearing the yellow jersey from start to finish and fulfilling his own prophecy. While André Darrigade briefly held the lead after winning the opening stage of the two-stage first day, Anquetil took the yellow jersey after the day's time trial and never relinquished it.
1961: Anquetil's Dominant Tour de France Performance
In 1961, Jacques Anquetil delivered a dominant performance in the Tour de France, fulfilling his pre-race prediction of claiming the yellow jersey on day one and holding it throughout the entire race.
1961: Last Year of National Teams and Start of Tour de l'Avenir
The 1961 Tour de France marked the final year of national teams competing in the race. Additionally, the organization launched the Tour de l'Avenir, an amateur version of the Tour de France, providing a platform for aspiring young riders.
1962: Release of "Vive Le Tour"
Louis Malle's 18-minute short film "Vive Le Tour" captured the essence of the 1962 Tour de France, offering a snapshot of the race's atmosphere.
1962: Return of Trade Teams and Involvement of Émilion Amaury
In 1962, the Tour de France reverted to trade teams, allowing sponsors to regain visibility and support their riders. This year also saw the financial involvement of Émilion Amaury, who appointed Félix Lévitan as co-organizer, focusing on financial matters.
1962: Disputes Delay Full Television Coverage of the Tour
Despite plans to broadcast the entire Tour de France in 1962, objections from regional newspapers, concerned about competition for readership, led to the postponement of full television coverage.
1963: First Complete Television Coverage of the Tour de France
Following the resolution of disputes with regional newspapers, the 1963 Tour de France became the first edition to have complete television coverage, marking a pivotal moment in the race's history and a significant expansion of its audience reach.
1963: Passing of Jules Deloffre
Jules Deloffre, a record holder for Tour de France participations, passed away in 1963.
1964: Anquetil Makes History with Fifth Tour de France Win
Jacques Anquetil etched his name in cycling history in 1964 by becoming the first rider to win the Tour de France five times. His accomplishment solidified his status as a legend of the sport.
1965: Release of "Pour un Maillot Jaune"
Claude Lelouch's 30-minute documentary "Pour un Maillot Jaune" (For a Yellow Jersey) provided a unique perspective on the 1965 Tour de France. The film, devoid of narration, relied solely on the sights and sounds of the race to convey the experience.
1966: André Darrigade Matches Deloffre's Record
In 1966, André Darrigade equaled Jules Deloffre's longstanding record by participating in his 14th Tour de France.
July 1967: Death of Tom Simpson on Mont Ventoux
British cyclist Tom Simpson tragically died while ascending Mont Ventoux during the 1967 Tour de France. His death, attributed to amphetamine use, served as a stark reminder of the dangers of doping in the sport.
1967: Release of "Les Cracks"
Alex Joffé's burlesque comedy "Les Cracks", starring Bourvil and Monique Tarbès, was released. The film used the Tour de France as a backdrop for its comedic narrative.
1967: Tour de France Implements Changes Due to Doping Concerns
In 1967, in response to the growing doping problem in cycling, which tragically culminated in the death of Tom Simpson, the Tour de France introduced several changes. These included limits on daily and overall distances, mandatory rest days for riders, and the implementation of doping tests. This marked a significant shift towards addressing doping in the sport.
1967: Introduction of the Prologue
The year 1967 marked the debut of the prologue in the Tour de France, a short time trial stage held before the main stages to determine the first wearer of the yellow jersey.
1967: Parc des Princes Hosts Early Tour de France Finishes
Between its inception in 1903 and 1967, the Tour de France concluded at the Parc des Princes stadium located in the western part of Paris.
1968: Introduction of Combination Classification
A combination classification was introduced to the Tour de France in 1968. This classification used a points system based on rider standings in the general, points, and mountains classifications.
1968: Tour de France Finish Line Moves to Piste Municipale
From 1968 to 1974, the Tour de France finish line was relocated to the Piste Municipale, a velodrome situated to the south of the French capital.
1968: Jan Janssen Clinches Tour de France Win in Final Time Trial
The 1968 Tour de France witnessed a dramatic finish as Dutch cyclist Jan Janssen secured his overall victory in the individual time trial on the last day of the race.
1968: Continuation of National Teams Experiment
The Tour de France continued its "experiment" of using national teams in 1968, a format adopted in response to the doping concerns that had plagued the sport.
1968: Change of the Green Jersey to Red
The green jersey, awarded to the leader of the points classification, was briefly changed to red in 1968 to please the sponsor at the time.
1969: Return to Trade Teams and Course Modifications
In 1969, the Tour de France reverted to trade teams, moving away from the national team format. The race route also underwent changes, with organizers increasingly opting for a less direct path, sometimes incorporating unconnected stages linked by train travel. This reflected the growing logistical complexities and evolving nature of the race.
1969: Eddy Merckx Achieves Unprecedented Feat at Tour de France
In 1969, Eddy Merckx accomplished an unprecedented feat by winning the Tour de France and claiming all the major classifications in the same year: King of the Mountains, points classification, combination classification, and combativity award. This remarkable achievement solidified his legacy as one of the greatest cyclists of all time.
1969: Eddy Merckx's Dominant Performance
In 1969, Eddy Merckx displayed a commanding performance in the Tour de France. Already in the lead, he launched a solo attack in the mountains that none of his rivals could match, securing a victory with a remarkable margin of almost eighteen minutes.
1970: Eddy Merckx's Dominance
Eddy Merckx secured eight stage wins in the 1970 Tour de France, showcasing his cycling prowess.
1972: Eddy Merckx's Triple Jersey Win
Eddy Merckx achieved the remarkable feat of winning three jerseys—yellow, green, and polka dot—in the 1972 Tour de France.
1973: Team Classification Based on Points Introduced
A points-based team classification was introduced in 1973, where members of the winning team would wear green caps.
1973: Luis Ocaña's Victory in Merckx's Absence
Eddy Merckx did not participate in the 1973 Tour de France, leading to Luis Ocaña's victory. This break in Merckx's participation offered other riders a rare opportunity to claim the title.
1974: Tour de France Finish Line Moves to Piste Municipale
From 1968 to 1974, the Tour de France finish line was relocated to the Piste Municipale, a velodrome situated to the south of the French capital.
1974: Eddy Merckx Repeats Eight-Stage Victory
In a display of consistent dominance, Eddy Merckx replicated his 1970 feat by winning eight stages in the 1974 Tour de France.
1975: End of Merckx's Winning Streak
Eddy Merckx's winning streak in the Tour de France ended in 1975 when he finished second to Bernard Thévenet, marking a shift in the race's dynamics after a period of Merckx's dominance.
1975: Champs-Élysées Finish Tradition Begins
The Tour de France established a tradition of concluding the race with laps around the Champs-Élysées in Paris, beginning in 1975.
1975: Introduction of the Polka Dot Jersey for the Mountains Classification Leader
The Tour de France organizers decided to award a distinctive white jersey with red dots, now colloquially called the "polka dot" jersey, to the leader of the mountains classification starting in 1975.
1975: Young Rider Classification Introduced
The Young Rider Classification was introduced in the 1975 Tour de France. Francesco Moser, who finished seventh overall, was the first winner.
1975: Introduction of Polka-dot Jersey and Champs-Élysées Finish
The year 1975 marked the introduction of two iconic elements to the Tour de France. The polka-dot jersey, awarded to the leader of the Mountains Classification, added a new layer of competition to the race. Additionally, the race finished on the Avenue des Champs-Élysées for the first time, establishing what has become a prestigious tradition.
1975: Champs-Élysées Becomes the Traditional Finish Line
Starting in 1975, the Champs-Élysées in Paris was established as the traditional finish line for the Tour de France, a practice that has continued for nearly five decades.
1976: Introduction of Apartment as First Prize
Breaking from tradition, the first prize for the Tour de France from 1976 to 1987 was an apartment provided by a race sponsor, instead of a cash prize.
1976: Freddy Maertens Matches Record with Eight Stage Wins
Freddy Maertens joined the ranks of Charles Pélissier and Eddy Merckx by claiming eight stage victories in the 1976 Tour de France.
1976: José-Luis Viejo's Triumphant Breakaway
José-Luis Viejo won a stage in the 1976 Tour de France by an impressive margin of over 23 minutes, showcasing a remarkable display of strength and strategy.
1979: Maillot Jaune Contested on Champs-Élysées
In a rare occurrence, the yellow jersey, signifying the race leader, was actively contested during the final Champs-Élysées stage of the 1979 Tour de France, breaking with the usual tradition of a less competitive final stage.
1979: Bernard Hinault Comes Close to Matching Merckx's Record
In 1979, Bernard Hinault came close to replicating Eddy Merckx's historic achievement of winning multiple classifications in a single Tour de France. Hinault secured victories in the general classification and points classification, narrowly missing out on the mountains classification with a second-place finish.
1979: First US Broadcast of the Tour de France
In 1979, the Tour de France was broadcast in the United States for the first time, marking the beginning of its growth in popularity in the country.
1980: Joop Zoetemelk's Victory as Hinault Withdraws
In 1980, Joop Zoetemelk won the Tour de France after Bernard Hinault, a dominant force in the race, withdrew. This unexpected turn of events highlighted the unpredictable nature of the competition.
1980: Joop Zoetemelk's Victory
Joop Zoetemelk won the Tour de France in 1980. He shares the record for most finishes at 16, having completed all 16 Tours that he started.
1981: Annual Awarding of the Super Combativity Award
The Super Combativity Award became an annual award given to the most aggressive rider in 1981.
1982: International Riders Achieve Breakthroughs
In 1982, Sean Kelly of Ireland and Phil Anderson of Australia won the points and young rider classifications, respectively, marking the first time riders from outside Continental Europe won Tour de France classifications. This signified the growing internationalization of the sport.
1982: Privatization of French Television Increases Competition for Tour Coverage
The privatization of French television in 1982 by President François Mitterrand led to increased competition among broadcasters for the rights to air the Tour de France. This competition drove up broadcasting fees paid to the race organizers and resulted in a significant expansion of coverage.
1983: Kraftwerk Releases "Tour de France"
German electronic band Kraftwerk released their song "Tour de France", a minimalist exploration of "man and machine", reflecting the growing international interest in the race.
1983: Laurent Fignon Wins Young Rider and General Classifications
Laurent Fignon achieved the double victory of winning both the Young Rider Classification and the General Classification in the same year, 1983.
1983: Change in Eligibility Rules for the Young Rider Classification
The organizers of the Tour de France changed the eligibility rules for the Young Rider Classification in 1983, restricting eligibility from neo-professionals to only first-time riders.
1984: Start of Women's Tour de France
A women's equivalent of the Tour de France, under various names, began in 1984.
1984: Introduction of Intermediate Sprints Classification
In 1984, the Tour de France introduced the intermediate sprints classification, awarding a red jersey to the rider who accumulated the most points at designated intermediate sprint points during each stage.
1984: Laurent Fignon Defeats Hinault
Laurent Fignon secured a decisive victory against Bernard Hinault in the 1984 Tour de France, marking one of the few times Hinault experienced a clear defeat in the race.
1984: Inaugural Tour de France Féminin
The year 1984 marked the first edition of the Tour de France Féminin, a women's version of the Tour de France organized by the Société du Tour de France. The inaugural race was won by Marianne Martin.
1985: Jules Deloffre's Record Participation Ends
After a remarkable run, Jules Deloffre's record-setting participation in the Tour de France came to an end in 1985.
1986: Greg LeMond's Historic Victory and Hinault's Support
The 1986 Tour de France witnessed a historic victory by Greg LeMond, the first American to win the race. LeMond's victory came amidst a controversial dynamic with his teammate, Bernard Hinault, who had pledged support but displayed questionable commitment during the race. The intense competition and complex team dynamics made this edition particularly memorable.
March 1987: Felix Lévitan Dismissed Amid Financial Concerns
In March 1987, Felix Lévitan, facing financial difficulties and disagreements with the Amaury family, the owners of the Tour de France, was dismissed from his role as director. His removal marked a significant change in the race's leadership.
1987: Delgado's Unsuccessful Attack on Roche
During the final stage of the 1987 Tour de France, Pedro Delgado attempted to overcome a 40-second deficit to Stephen Roche, the race leader, on the Champs-Élysées. Despite his efforts, Delgado's attack was unsuccessful, and Roche retained the yellow jersey.
1987: Tour de France Celebrates West Berlin's 750th Anniversary
The Tour de France commenced in West Berlin in 1987, commemorating the city's 750th anniversary and showcasing the race against the backdrop of the era's political divisions.
1987: Current Rules for Young Rider Classification Established
The rules for the Young Rider Classification were changed again in 1987 to what they are today: the classification is restricted to riders under 26 years old in the calendar year of the race.
1987: Stephen Roche's Victory in a Competitive Race
With several past champions absent or injured, the 1987 Tour de France saw a highly competitive race, with the lead changing hands multiple times before Stephen Roche ultimately secured victory. Roche's win exemplified the unpredictable nature of the race when the field lacked a clear favorite.
1987: Last Year of Apartment as First Prize
1987 marked the final year that the top prize for winning the Tour de France was an apartment, a tradition that had been in place since 1976.
1988: Unique Mix for First Prize
In 1988, the Tour de France awarded an unusual combination of prizes to the winner, including a car, a studio apartment, a piece of art, and a cash sum of 500,000 francs.
1988: Tour de France Under New Leadership
Jean-Pierre Courcol, the director of L'Équipe, took over the organization of the Tour de France in 1988, following a period of leadership changes and financial uncertainty.
1988: Pedro Delgado's Victory Marks Potential Start of Doping Era
Pedro Delgado's dominant victory in the 1988 Tour de France coincided with the emergence of erythropoietin (EPO), a performance-enhancing drug that was undetectable by contemporary tests. This period marked the beginning of what is often referred to as cycling's doping era.
1988: End of Points-Based Team Classification
The points-based team classification was discontinued in 1988.
1988: "La Préface" Prologue
The prologue of the 1988 Tour de France, held in La Baule, was uniquely referred to as "la préface."
1989: Jean-Pierre Carenso and Jean-Marie Leblanc at the Helm
The Tour de France saw another change in leadership in 1989, with Jean-Pierre Carenso taking over the organization. Jean-Marie Leblanc also joined the organization this year and would become race director.
1989: White Jersey Not Awarded to the Young Rider Classification Leader
The white jersey was not awarded to the leader of the Young Rider Classification between 1989 and 2000.
1989: Removal of Intermediate Sprints Classification
The intermediate sprints classification, along with its distinctive red jersey, was removed from the Tour de France in 1989.
1989: Removal of Combination Classification
The combination classification in the Tour de France was abolished in 1989.
1989: Closest Finish in Tour de France History
The 1989 Tour de France witnessed the closest finish ever recorded, with Greg LeMond edging out Laurent Fignon by a mere 8 seconds.
1989: LeMond's Historic Time Trial Victory
The 1989 Tour de France concluded with a time trial where Greg LeMond dramatically overtook Laurent Fignon to secure victory by a mere eight seconds, marking the closest margin in the race's history.
1989: Lemond's Return and Historic Comeback Victory
Greg LeMond returned from injury to win the 1989 Tour de France in one of the closest finishes in the race's history. He edged out Laurent Fignon by a mere eight seconds in the final time trial, highlighting the intense competition and strategic brilliance of both riders.
1989: Miguel Induráin's Early Stage Wins
Before his run of overall victories, Miguel Induráin showcased his strength with stage wins in the mountains at Cauterets in 1989 and Luz Ardiden in 1990. These victories foreshadowed his future dominance in the Tour de France.
1990: Yellow Caps Phased Out for Leading Team
Before 2006, the leading team used to wear yellow caps. This practice was phased out in 1990.
1990: Miguel Induráin's Early Stage Wins
Before his run of overall victories, Miguel Induráin showcased his strength with stage wins in the mountains at Cauterets in 1989 and Luz Ardiden in 1990. These victories foreshadowed his future dominance in the Tour de France.
1990: Lemond Secures Consecutive Victory
Greg LeMond continued his success with a second consecutive Tour de France victory in 1990, further solidifying his comeback and status as a top rider in the sport.
1990: Return to Cash-Only Prizes
The Tour de France reverted to awarding only cash prizes in 1990, moving away from the practice of awarding non-cash prizes like apartments and cars.
1991: Thierry Marie's Long Breakaway
Thierry Marie completed a remarkable breakaway of 234 kilometers during the 1991 Tour de France, highlighting the endurance of riders in the race.
1991: Beginning of Induráin's Reign
Miguel Induráin's reign of dominance in the Tour de France began in 1991, marking the start of five consecutive victories that would cement his place as a cycling legend.
1993: L'Étape du Tour is Launched
In 1993, L'Étape du Tour, a cyclosportive event allowing amateur cyclists to experience a Tour de France stage, was first organized.
1993: Start of Bjarne Riis' EPO Use
In 1993, Bjarne Riis began using EPO, marking the start of a period of systematic doping that continued throughout his career, including his 1996 Tour de France victory.
1994: Cost and Scale of the Publicity Caravan
By 1994, advertisers were paying significant sums, approximately €150,000, to include three vehicles in the Tour de France's publicity caravan. The cost included distributing a vast number of promotional items, estimated to be around 11 million, which required substantial logistics and organization.
1995: End of Induráin's Dominance
Miguel Induráin's five-year winning streak in the Tour de France ended in 1995, concluding a period of unprecedented dominance by a single rider.
1996: Release of "Chacun son Tour"
Patrick Le Gall directed "Chacun son Tour", released in 1996, adding to the collection of films inspired by the Tour de France.
1996: Snowstorm Shortens Stage
Severe weather conditions, including a snowstorm, forced organizers to shorten the stage from Val-d'Isère to Sestriere in the 1996 Tour de France from 190 kilometers to a mere 46 kilometers.
1996: Tainted Podium at the Tour de France
The 1996 Tour de France faced controversy as its top three finishers were later linked to doping. Bjarne Riis confessed to using EPO, while Erik Zabel admitted to EPO use during the first week of the race, casting a long shadow on the legitimacy of the results.
1996: Bjarne Riis Victory
The influx of international riders continued, and in 1996, Bjarne Riis from Denmark won the Tour de France, ending Miguel Induráin's reign.
1997: Jan Ullrich Wins Young Rider and General Classifications
Jan Ullrich won both the Young Rider Classification and the General Classification in 1997.
1997: Jan Ullrich's Victory
In 1997, Jan Ullrich became the first German rider to win the Tour de France.
August 1998: Start of Armstrong's Title Revocations
August 1998 is significant as the starting point from which all of Lance Armstrong's cycling titles, including his seven Tour de France victories, were formally revoked due to his involvement in a doping scandal. This date signifies the beginning of a major upheaval in the sport's history.
August 1998: Beginning of Armstrong's Disqualification Period
August 1998 marks the start of the period from which Lance Armstrong was later disqualified from all his cycling victories, including his seven consecutive Tour de France titles, due to his involvement in a doping scandal.
1998: End of Bjarne Riis' EPO Use
In 1998, Bjarne Riis stopped using EPO after years of incorporating it into his training and competition regimen. This period coincided with increased scrutiny of doping practices in cycling.
1998: Festina Affair
The 1998 Tour de France was marred by the Festina Affair, a major doping scandal that shook the sport. Many riders and teams were disqualified, and Marco Pantani won the race in a depleted field.
1998: The "Tour of Shame"
The 1998 Tour de France, marred by the Festina Affair, became known as the "Tour of Shame." Willy Voet, a soigneur for the Festina team, was apprehended with a haul of performance-enhancing drugs, leading to police raids, rider strikes, and the exposure of systematic doping within the sport. This scandal had a profound impact on cycling, leading to increased scrutiny and calls for reform.
1999: Tour of Renewal and Lance Armstrong's First Win
The 1999 Tour de France, known as the "Tour of Renewal," aimed to restore cycling's image after the previous year's doping scandal. Lance Armstrong won his first of seven consecutive titles. However, it was later revealed that Armstrong had used performance-enhancing drugs throughout his career.
1999: NBC Sports Group Acquires Tour de France Broadcasting Rights
The NBC Sports Group began broadcasting the Tour de France in the US in 1999, a deal which played a role in the growth of the then-fledgling Outdoor Life Network (OLN).
1999: Hélicoptères de France Becomes Official Aerial Filming Provider
Starting in 1999, the French aviation company Hélicoptères de France (HdF) became the official provider of aerial filming services for the Tour de France. HdF employs Eurocopter helicopters and its pilots undertake extensive training to capture the race from above.
1999: Armstrong's Controversial Tour de France Victory
Lance Armstrong won the 1999 Tour de France, a victory that would later be voided due to his use of performance-enhancing drugs. This race also marked the beginning of his seven consecutive wins, all later rescinded.
1999: World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Formation
In 1999, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) was formed as an initiative of the International Olympic Committee, with significant involvement from the UCI due to increased scrutiny on doping in cycling.
1999: Fastest Mass-Start Stage
In 1999, Mario Cipollini won the fastest mass-start stage in Tour de France history, covering the 194.5 kilometers from Laval to Blois at an average speed of 50.4 kilometers per hour.
2000: Release of "The Tour Baby!"
"The Tour Baby!", a fan-made documentary by Scott Coady, captured the 2000 Tour de France using a handheld video camera. The film gained attention for raising $160,000 for the Lance Armstrong Foundation.
2000: White Jersey Reintroduced for the Young Rider Classification Leader
The white jersey was reintroduced for the Young Rider Classification leader in 2000.
2001: Release of "Le Vélo de Ghislain Lambert"
The comedy "Le Vélo de Ghislain Lambert", set in the world of professional cycling, featured the 1974 Tour de France, providing a humorous take on the sport during that era.
2002: ITV Becomes UK Terrestrial Broadcaster for the Tour de France
In 2002, ITV took over from Channel 4 as the UK's terrestrial broadcaster for the Tour de France, after Channel 4 had held the rights for the previous 15 years.
2002: Raimondas Rumšas Doping Scandal
In 2002, the wife of Raimondas Rumšas, who finished third in the Tour de France that year, was arrested with EPO and steroids. Despite the discovery, Rumšas himself was not penalized as he never failed a doping test.
2003: Kraftwerk Releases "Tour de France Soundtracks"
To coincide with the Tour's centenary, Kraftwerk released an entire album titled "Tour de France Soundtracks", solidifying the race's place in music history.
2003: Release of "Höllentour"
The German documentary "Höllentour" (Hell on Wheels) offered a behind-the-scenes look at Team Telekom during the 2003 Tour de France, directed by Pepe Danquart, an Academy Award winner for his short film "Black Rider".
2003: Release of "Wired to Win"
"Wired to Win" followed Française des Jeux riders Baden Cooke and Jimmy Caspar during the 2003 Tour de France, examining the neurological aspects of the sport as Cooke pursued the points classification victory.
2003: Release of "Les Triplettes de Belleville"
The animated feature film "Les Triplettes de Belleville" (The Triplets of Belleville) incorporated the Tour de France into its storyline, showcasing the race's influence on popular culture.
2004: Release of "Overcoming"
Danish filmmaker Tómas Gislason directed "Overcoming", providing insights into Team CSC's 2004 Tour de France campaign.
2004: Doping Confessions and Allegations Rock Cofidis and Kelme Teams
In 2004, cycling was shaken by a series of doping confessions and allegations. Philippe Gaumont revealed endemic doping within the Cofidis team, leading to teammate David Millar's confession of EPO use. Separately, Jesús Manzano from the Kelme team claimed he was forced into using banned substances.
2004: Alpe d'Huez Time Trial and Spectator Issues
The 16th stage of the 2004 Tour de France featured a 15.5-kilometer mountain time trial on Alpe d'Huez. This stage, however, was marred by reports of unruly spectators who interfered with the riders.
August 2005: Lance Armstrong Doping Allegations Surface
In August 2005, French newspaper L'Équipe published documents suggesting Lance Armstrong used EPO during the 1999 Tour de France, a claim he refuted.
2005: Vinokourov's Controversial Stage Win
Alexander Vinokourov's victory on the final stage of the 2005 Tour de France sparked controversy. Vinokourov's attack allowed him to move up to fifth place overall, but it was seen as a breach of the unwritten rule of not challenging for the overall lead on the final stage.
2005: Armstrong's Retirement
Lance Armstrong retired from professional cycling in 2005 after winning his seventh consecutive Tour de France.
2005: Release of "Tour Baby Deux!"
Scott Coady released "Tour Baby Deux!", a sequel to his 2000 fan documentary, continuing his unique perspective on the Tour de France.
2005: Multiple Films Chronicle Tour de France Teams
The year 2005 saw the release of three films focusing on the experiences of different teams during the Tour de France, offering diverse perspectives on the race.
2006: Óscar Pereiro Declared Winner
After Floyd Landis was disqualified for doping in 2006, Óscar Pereiro was declared the winner of the Tour de France.
2006: Floyd Landis Victory and Subsequent Disqualification
Floyd Landis won the 2006 Tour de France but was later stripped of his title due to doping.
2006: New Distinction for the Leading Team
Since 2006, the leading team in the team classification has worn numbers printed black-on-yellow instead of having a dedicated jersey.
2006: Operación Puerto Doping Scandal Disrupts Tour de France
The 2006 Tour de France was overshadowed by the Operación Puerto doping case, which implicated 17 riders and resulted in pre-race bans for favorites like Jan Ullrich and Ivan Basso. This scandal highlighted the widespread issue of doping in cycling.
May 2007: Bjarne Riis Admits to Doping
In May 2007, Bjarne Riis, the first Danish rider to win the Tour de France in 1996, admitted to using banned substances during the race.
May 2007: Erik Zabel and Bjarne Riis Admit to Doping
In May 2007, Erik Zabel admitted to using EPO during the 1996 Tour de France, where he won the points classification. Following his confession, former winner Bjarne Riis also admitted to using EPO from 1993 to 1998, including during his 1996 Tour victory. These confessions cast a shadow over the sport and raised questions about the legitimacy of past results.
July 2007: Doping Scandals Force Team Withdrawals from Tour de France
In July 2007, the Tour de France was rocked by two high-profile doping scandals. Alexander Vinokourov tested positive for blood doping after winning a time trial, leading to his Astana team's withdrawal from the race. Shortly after, Cristian Moreni's positive testosterone test resulted in his Cofidis team also pulling out of the competition. These incidents further tarnished the image of cycling and highlighted the ongoing struggle against doping.
2007: Christian Prudhomme Becomes Race Director
Christian Prudhomme, a former television commentator for the Tour de France, assumed the role of race director in 2007, after serving as assistant director for three years.
2007: End of Time Bonuses for Intermediate Sprints
Until 2007, riders earned time bonuses for their performance in intermediate sprints during the Tour de France. This practice was discontinued in 2007.
2007: Alberto Contador Wins Young Rider and General Classifications
In 2007, Alberto Contador won both the Young Rider Classification and the General Classification.
2007: Contador's First Victory
Alberto Contador won his first Tour de France in 2007 after race leader Michael Rasmussen was removed from the competition due to doping allegations.
2007: Tour de France Start Location Policy
In 2007, race director Christian Prudhomme outlined a general policy for determining the start location of the Tour de France. The policy aims for a balance, with the race starting outside of France three times and within France twice over a five-year period.
June 2008: Óscar Pereiro Declared Winner of the 2006 Tour de France
In June 2008, Óscar Pereiro was officially named the winner of the 2006 Tour de France after Floyd Landis, the initial winner, was stripped of his title due to a positive testosterone test. Landis lost his appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport, leading to the decision.
July 2008: Tour de France Reinstatement with Asterisk
In July 2008, the Tour de France organizers reconfirmed Riis's victory but added an asterisk to his name, indicating his doping offences.
July 2008: Multiple Doping Cases Plague the 2008 Tour de France
July 2008 saw multiple doping scandals unfold during the Tour de France. Manuel Beltrán tested positive for EPO early in the race, followed by Riccardo Riccò testing positive for a variant of EPO after stage four. These incidents led to further investigations and cast a dark cloud over the competition.
October 2008: More Positive Tests Rock the 2008 Tour de France
In October 2008, months after the Tour de France concluded, several more riders were revealed to have tested positive for banned substances during the race, including Riccardo Riccò's teammate Leonardo Piepoli, Stefan Schumacher, and Bernhard Kohl, who had finished third overall.
2008: Temporary Removal of Time Bonuses for Top Finishers
From 2008 to 2014, the Tour de France temporarily removed the time bonuses traditionally awarded to the first three finishers of each stage.
2008: Carlos Sastre's Clean Victory in a Doping-Marred Era
The 2008 Tour de France was again overshadowed by doping, but Carlos Sastre emerged as the winner with a clean record. This was notable as he was the only winner during the period from approximately 1994 to 2011 with a clear biological passport.
2008: Operation Aderlass and Continued Scrutiny of Doping in Cycling
While no Tour de France winner had been convicted of doping in the decade leading up to 2008, the sport remained under intense scrutiny due to its doping-plagued past. Operation Aderlass, initially focused on winter sports, implicated individuals connected to cycling, including 2008 podium finisher Bernhard Kohl, who alleged a team doctor's involvement in doping practices. This incident further fueled investigations and underscored the persistent threat of doping in cycling.
2009: Prize Money Distribution
During the 2009 Tour de France, the prize money distribution was as follows: the overall winner received €450,000; stage winners earned €8,000 each, with the team time trial stage winner getting €10,000; winners of the points and mountains classifications received €25,000 each; the young rider and combativity award winners got €20,000 each; and the winning team received €50,000.
2009: Armstrong's Return and Contador's Second Victory
Lance Armstrong returned to the Tour de France in 2009, but his former teammate, Alberto Contador, won the race.
2009: Increased Anti-Doping Measures Boost Tour de France's Global Popularity
Stringent doping controls implemented in the 2009 Tour de France contributed to restoring public trust in the event, leading to a surge in its global viewership.
2009: End of Early Women's Tour de France
The women's Tour de France, held under various names, came to an end in 2009.
2010: Andy Schleck Awarded Victory
Andy Schleck was awarded the 2010 Tour de France victory after Alberto Contador's disqualification due to a doping violation.
2010: ITV4 Starts Daily Live Coverage of the Tour de France
ITV4 began broadcasting daily live coverage of every stage of the Tour de France, except for the final stage, which is shown on ITV. Prior to 2010, live coverage was limited to weekends.
2010: Andy Schleck Wins Young Rider and General Classifications
Andy Schleck achieved the impressive feat of winning both the Young Rider Classification and the General Classification in 2010.
2010: Alberto Contador Wins Tour de France, Later Disqualified
Alberto Contador won the 2010 Tour de France. However, his victory was later nullified due to a positive test for clenbuterol, a banned substance.
January 2011: Alberto Contador Handed One-Year Ban, Later Reversed
In January 2011, Alberto Contador, winner of the 2010 Tour de France, was initially handed a one-year ban by the Spanish Cycling Federation after testing positive for clenbuterol. However, the federation reversed its ruling in February, allowing Contador to return to competition despite a pending appeal by the UCI.
2011: Lead Graffiti Begins "Endurance Letterpress" Project
American letterpress studio Lead Graffiti embarked on an ambitious project called "Endurance Letterpress", using traditional techniques to create posters documenting each stage of the Tour de France.
2011: Fränk Schleck's Third-Place Finish
Fränk Schleck achieved a third-place podium finish in the 2011 Tour de France, a result that would later be overshadowed by his disqualification from the 2012 race due to a doping violation.
2011: Cadel Evans' Historic Win
In 2011, Cadel Evans made history by becoming the first Australian cyclist to win the Tour de France.
2011: Galibier's Centennial Celebration
The 2011 Tour de France celebrated the 100th anniversary of the Col du Galibier's inclusion in the race with a stage finishing atop the iconic climb, marking the highest finish altitude in Tour history at 2,645 meters.
February 2012: Alberto Contador Stripped of 2010 Tour de France Title
In February 2012, Alberto Contador was officially stripped of his 2010 Tour de France title after losing his appeal against a clenbuterol doping violation. This decision followed a lengthy legal battle and further highlighted the ongoing issue of doping in cycling.
October 2012: USADA Report Exposes Doping in Cycling
In October 2012, the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) released a damning report detailing widespread doping practices within the U.S. Postal Service cycling team. The report, which included testimonies from riders like Frankie Andreu, Tyler Hamilton, and Floyd Landis, implicated Lance Armstrong and led to the stripping of his seven Tour de France titles.
2012: Fränk Schleck Disqualified from Tour de France
In the 2012 Tour de France, Fränk Schleck, who had placed third in the 2011 race, was disqualified after testing positive for the banned diuretic Xipamide.
2012: Yellow Helmets Introduced for Leading Team
From 2012 onward, riders on the leading team began wearing yellow helmets as a mark of distinction.
2012: Bradley Wiggins Becomes the First British Winner
Bradley Wiggins became the first British rider to win the Tour de France in 2012, with his teammate Chris Froome finishing second.
2013: Jan Ullrich Doping Confession
In 2013, Jan Ullrich admitted to blood doping during his cycling career.
2013: Tour de France Makes Historic Debut in Corsica
In 2013, the Tour de France made history by visiting Corsica for the first time. The island hosted the opening three stages, marking a significant event in the race's 100th edition.
2013: Sports Illustrated Features Lead Graffiti's Work
Sports Illustrated magazine featured Lead Graffiti's "Endurance Letterpress" posters in their "Sports in Media" issue, bringing wider recognition to the studio's innovative approach.
2013: Orica GreenEDGE Achieves Fastest Stage Win
The Orica GreenEDGE team set a record for the fastest stage win in the 2013 Tour de France, completing the 25-kilometer team time trial in Nice at an average speed of 57.8 kilometers per hour.
November 2014: Pari Mutuel Urbain Ends Sponsorship of the Green Jersey
Pari Mutuel Urbain, a state betting company and long-time sponsor of the green jersey, announced in November 2014 the end of their sponsorship.
2014: Vincenzo Nibali's Victory
Vincenzo Nibali's win in 2014 interrupted Team Sky's dominance in the Tour de France.
2014: La Course by Le Tour de France Begins
Following criticism from advocates and female cyclists, La Course by Le Tour de France, a one to two-day race, was established in 2014.
2014: End of Time Bonus Hiatus
The Tour de France reinstated the practice of awarding time bonuses to the first three finishers of each stage in 2014, following a hiatus from 2008.
2014: British Library Exhibits Tour de Lead Graffiti Posters
The British Library, commemorating the Tour de France's fourth Grand Départ from the UK, hosted an exhibition of Lead Graffiti's posters, highlighting the artistic and cultural significance of the project.
2014: La Course by Le Tour de France is Introduced
In response to advocacy from the women's professional peloton, ASO launched La Course by Le Tour de France, a one-day classic women's race held in conjunction with the men's Tour de France.
March 2015: Škoda Becomes New Sponsor of the Green Jersey
In March 2015, German automaker Volkswagen AG's Škoda brand became the new sponsor of the green jersey.
2015: New Points System Introduced
A new points system for the points classification was introduced in 2015.
2015: Lead Graffiti Concludes "Endurance Letterpress" Project
After four years, Lead Graffiti concluded their "Endurance Letterpress" project, having produced a unique and visually stunning collection of posters celebrating the Tour de France.
2015: Krys Becomes the New Sponsor of the White Jersey
Optician company Krys replaced Škoda as the sponsor for the white jersey in 2015, allowing Škoda to move to sponsor the Green Jersey.
2015: Rohan Dennis Sets Fastest Time-Trial Record
Rohan Dennis set the record for the fastest time trial in Tour de France history during stage 1 of the 2015 race in Utrecht, achieving an average speed of 55.446 kilometers per hour.
2018: Sylvain Chavanel's Final Tour de France
In 2018, Sylvain Chavanel participated in his 18th and final Tour de France, marking the highest number of appearances in the race's history.
2019: Egan Bernal Wins Young Rider and General Classifications
Egan Bernal emerged victorious in both the Young Rider Classification and the General Classification in 2019.
2019: Egan Bernal: First Colombian Winner
Egan Bernal made history in 2019 by becoming the first Colombian rider to win the Tour de France.
2019: Landslides and Hailstorms Disrupt Mountain Stages
The 2019 Tour de France faced significant disruptions due to landslides and hailstorms, leading to the substantial shortening of two crucial mountain stages.
2020: Tadej Pogačar's Dominant Victory
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 Tour de France took place in late August. Tadej Pogačar, at age 21, became the second youngest winner and the first Slovenian to win the Tour. He also secured the mountain and youth classifications.
2020: Tadej Pogačar Wins Young Rider and General Classifications
Tadej Pogačar showcased his exceptional talent by winning both the Young Rider Classification and the General Classification in 2020.
2021: Tadej Pogačar Repeats Double Victory
Tadej Pogačar repeated his remarkable achievement of winning both the Young Rider Classification and the General Classification in 2021.
2021: Pogačar's Second Victory and Cavendish's Record-Equalling Sprint
Tadej Pogačar won his second consecutive Tour de France title in 2021. Mark Cavendish equaled Eddy Merckx's record of 34 stage wins in the same race.
2021: Mark Cavendish Ties Merckx's Stage Win Record
In 2021, Mark Cavendish tied Eddy Merckx's long-standing record of 34 stage victories at the Tour de France. This achievement highlighted Cavendish's exceptional sprinting abilities and cemented his place in Tour history.
2021: Mark Cavendish Sets New Record for Mass Finish Stage Wins
Mark Cavendish, as of stage 13 of the 2021 Tour de France, set a new record for the most mass finish stage wins with 34 victories.
2021: End of La Course by Le Tour de France
La Course by Le Tour de France concluded in 2021.
2022: Jonas Vingegaard's First Victory and the Return of the Women's Tour
Jonas Vingegaard won the 2022 Tour de France, marking the return of the official Tour de France Femmes after its absence since 1989.
2022: Tour de France Femmes Replaces La Course
Replacing La Course, the Tour de France Femmes, an eight-day stage race, was inaugurated in 2022, marking a significant development in women's professional cycling.
2022: Tour de France Femmes Debut
The first Tour de France Femmes took place in 2022.
June 2023: Release of "Tour de France: Unchained"
Netflix released "Tour de France: Unchained" in June 2023, offering global audiences a behind-the-scenes perspective on the 2022 race and the inner workings of professional cycling.
2023: Vingegaard's Second Consecutive Win
Jonas Vingegaard secured his second consecutive Tour de France victory in 2023, with Tadej Pogačar finishing as the runner-up.
2023: NBC Sports Group Extends Tour de France Broadcasting Rights
The NBC Sports Group extended its contract to broadcast the Tour de France through to 2029, ensuring continued US viewership of the event.
2024: Return of Time Trial as Final Stage
After a long hiatus, the Tour de France will bring back the time trial as the final stage in the 2024 edition.
2024: Tour de France to Conclude in Nice Due to Paris Olympics
Breaking from tradition, the 2024 Tour de France will conclude outside of Paris for the first time since 1974. The final stage will end in Nice due to the scheduling of the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris.
2024: Exception to the Traditional Finish
In 2024, the Tour de France will not conclude with the traditional finish on the Champs-Élysées in Paris.