History of Singapore in Timeline
Singapore is an island country and city-state located in Southeast Asia, just north of the equator. It consists of one main island, 63 smaller islands, and one outlying islet. Geographically, it sits off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bordered by the Strait of Malacca, the Singapore Strait (near Indonesia's Riau Islands), the South China Sea, and the Straits of Johor (bordering Malaysia).
1914: World War I
Singapore was not greatly affected by the First World War (1914–18), as the conflict did not spread to Southeast Asia.
1915: Singapore Mutiny
In 1915, the Singapore Mutiny occurred, involving Muslim sepoys from British India who rebelled against their officers and British civilians before being suppressed.
1921: Singapore Naval Base announced
In 1921, the British announced the defensive Singapore strategy that included the construction of the Singapore Naval Base.
1931: Construction of Singapore Naval Base proceeds at a faster pace
In 1931, the construction of the Singapore Naval Base proceeded at a faster pace following the Japanese invasion of Manchuria.
1938: Singapore Naval Base construction
By 1938, the Singapore Naval Base was not fully completed, however, it was the largest dry dock in the world, the third-largest floating dock, and had enough fuel tanks to support the entire British navy for six months.
1938: Introduction of Section 377A
In 1938, Section 377A of the Penal Code, which criminalized sexual relations between men, was introduced during British colonial rule.
1939: World War II breaks out in Europe
In 1939, after World War II broke out in Europe, the British Home Fleet was fully occupied with defending Britain, leaving Singapore vulnerable to Japanese invasion.
February 1942: British surrender in the Battle of Singapore
On 15 February 1942, the British force of 60,000 troops surrendered to the Japanese in the Battle of Singapore, leading Winston Churchill to call it "the worst disaster and largest capitulation in British history".
August 1945: Japanese surrender to the Allies
In August 1945, after the Japanese surrender to the Allies, Singapore experienced violence and disorder; looting and revenge-killing were widespread.
September 1945: Formal surrender of Japanese forces
On 12 September 1945, British, Australian, and Indian troops led by Lord Louis Mountbatten returned to Singapore to receive the formal surrender of Japanese forces in the region from General Seishirō Itagaki.
1945: British forces planned to liberate Singapore
In 1945, British forces had planned to liberate Singapore; however, the war ended before these operations could be carried out.
February 1946: Tomoyuki Yamashita hanged for war crimes
On 23 February 1946, Tomoyuki Yamashita was hanged in the Philippines after being convicted by a US military commission for war crimes.
April 1946: British Military Administration ends
On 1 April 1946, the British Military Administration ended, and Singapore became a separate Crown Colony.
1946: British forces planned to liberate Singapore
In 1946, British forces had planned to liberate Singapore; however, the war ended before these operations could be carried out.
July 1947: Executive and Legislative Councils established
In July 1947, separate Executive and Legislative Councils were established, and the election of six members of the Legislative Council was scheduled for the following year.
1950: End of Chinese Civil War
In 2015, Singapore hosted the Ma–Xi meeting, the first meeting between the political leaders of the two sides of the Taiwan Strait since the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1950.
1954: National Service riots
In 1954, the National Service riots occurred in Singapore.
1955: David Marshall wins Singapore's first general election
In 1955, David Marshall, pro-independence leader of the Labour Front, won Singapore's first general election.
1956: Britain agrees to grant Singapore full internal self-government
In 1956, after further negotiations, Britain agreed to grant Singapore full internal self-government for all matters except defence and foreign affairs.
May 1959: People's Action Party wins landslide victory
On 30 May 1959, the People's Action Party (PAP) won a landslide victory in the election.
June 1959: Singapore granted full internal self-government
On 3 June 1959, Britain granted Singapore full internal self-government for all matters except defence and foreign affairs.
1959: Singapore gains self-governance
In 1959, Singapore achieved self-governance.
1959: People's Action Party maintains political dominance
Since 1959, the People's Action Party (PAP) has maintained continuous political dominance in Singapore, resulting in limited political pluralism and a highly centralised governance structure.
1959: Self-Governance Granted
Since self-governance was granted in 1959, the People's Action Party (PAP) has won large parliamentary majorities in every election.
1960: Tan Howe Liang wins Singapore's first Olympic medal
In 1960, Tan Howe Liang became Singapore's first Olympic medalist, winning a silver medal at the Rome Games in weightlifting.
May 1961: Proposal for a new Federation called Malaysia
On 27 May 1961, Malaya's prime minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman, proposed a new Federation called Malaysia, which would unite the current and former British possessions in the region.
1961: Water Agreement with Malaysia
Singapore has declared that it will be water self-sufficient by the time its 1961 long-term water supply agreement with Malaysia expires.
September 1963: Singapore joins the new Federation of Malaysia
On 16 September 1963, Singapore joined with Malaya, the North Borneo, and Sarawak to form the new Federation of Malaysia under the terms of the Malaysia Agreement.
1963: Singapore became independent from the United Kingdom
In 1963, Singapore became independent from the United Kingdom, and the government began a process of crafting a unique Singaporean identity and culture.
1963: Singapore becomes part of Malaysia
In 1963, Singapore joined the new federation of Malaysia, alongside Malaya, North Borneo, and Sarawak.
1964: Race riots in Singapore
In 1964, communal strife in Singapore led to race riots.
March 1965: Bomb Explodes at MacDonald House
On 10 March 1965, a bomb planted by Indonesian saboteurs on a mezzanine floor of MacDonald House exploded, killing three people and injuring 33 others.
August 1965: Singapore becomes independent
On 9 August 1965, Singapore became independent as the Republic of Singapore, with Lee Kuan Yew and Yusof bin Ishak as the first prime minister and president respectively.
August 1965: Singapore expelled from Malaysia
On 9 August 1965, the Malaysian Parliament voted to expel Singapore from Malaysia, resulting in Singapore becoming a newly independent country.
1965: Economic Growth
From 1965 growth rates averaged around 6 per cent per annum, transforming the living standards of the population.
1965: Singapore becomes an independent country
In 1965, Singapore was expelled from Malaysia and became an independent sovereign country.
1967: Singapore co-founds ASEAN
In 1967, Singapore co-founded the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
1967: Garden City Vision
In 1967, to combat the decline in natural space, the government introduced the vision of making Singapore a "garden city", aiming to improve quality of life.
1967: Currency Interchangeability
Since 1967, the Singapore dollar (SGD or S$) has been interchangeable with the Brunei dollar at par value.
1968: General Election
In the 1968 general election, the PAP's vote share was 86.7%.
1969: Race riots break out again
In 1969, race riots broke out once more in Singapore.
1970: Abolishment of Trial by Jury
In 1970, trial by jury was abolished in Singapore.
October 1971: British Military Pullout
In October 1971, Britain pulled its military out of Singapore.
1975: Area Licensing Scheme Implemented
In 1975, Singapore implemented the Singapore Area Licensing Scheme, becoming the world's first congestion pricing scheme.
1979: Establishment of the Singapore Symphony Orchestra
In 1979, the Singapore Symphony Orchestra (SSO) was established, marking a significant moment for Western classical music in Singapore's cultural landscape.
1981: Singapore Changi Airport opens
In 1981, Singapore Changi Airport was opened and Singapore Airlines was formed.
1984: Introduction of non-constituency members of parliament
In 1984, non-constituency members of parliament were introduced in Singapore to allow up to three losing candidates from opposition parties to be appointed as MPs.
1988: Introduction of group representation constituencies
In 1988, group representation constituencies (GRCs) were introduced in Singapore to create multi-seat electoral divisions, intended to ensure minority representation in parliament.
1989: Women Allowed in Military Vocations
Since 1989, women in the Singapore Armed Forces have been allowed to fill military vocations formerly reserved for men.
1990: Goh Chok Tong becomes Prime Minister
In 1990, Goh Chok Tong succeeded Lee Kuan Yew and became Singapore's second prime minister.
1990: Introduction of nominated members of parliament
In 1990, nominated members of parliament were introduced in Singapore to allow non-elected non-partisan MPs.
1991: Amendment of the constitution
In 1991, the constitution was amended in Singapore to provide for an elected president who has veto power in the use of past reserves and appointments to certain public offices.
1995: Economic Growth
Between 1965 and 1995, growth rates averaged around 6 per cent per annum, transforming the living standards of the population.
1996: Launch of the Singapore Premier League
In 1996, Singapore's football league, the Singapore Premier League, was launched as the S.League, comprising eight clubs.
1997: Asian Financial Crisis
During Goh Chok Tong's tenure, Singapore went through the 1997 Asian financial crisis.
August 1998: Singapore referred to as the "Little Red Dot"
In August 1998, Singapore was referred to as the "Little Red Dot" after an article in the Asian Wall Street Journal quoted Indonesian President B. J. Habibie using the term on a map.
1998: Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) Introduced
In 1998, the Singapore Area Licensing Scheme was upgraded and renamed Electronic Road Pricing (ERP), introducing electronic toll collection, electronic detection, and video surveillance technology.
1999: Singapore's economic growth
Up until 1999, Singapore experienced economic growth with the unemployment rate falling to 3% and real GDP growth averaging at about 8%.
2000: Publication of Rhythms: A Singaporean Millennial Anthology Of Poetry
In 2000, Singaporean literature was showcased in multilingual anthologies such as Rhythms: A Singaporean Millennial Anthology Of Poetry, in which the poems were all translated three times each.
2001: General Election
In the 2001 general election, the PAP's vote share was 75.3%.
2001: Government introduced programs to increase fertility
Starting in 2001, the Singaporean government introduced a series of programmes to increase fertility, including paid maternity leave, childcare subsidies, tax relief and rebates, one-time cash gifts, and grants for companies that implement flexible work arrangements.
2003: SARS Outbreak
During Goh Chok Tong's tenure, Singapore experienced the 2003 SARS outbreak.
2004: Amnesty International Claim on Death Penalty
In 2004, Amnesty International claimed that some legal provisions of the Singapore system for the death penalty conflict with 'the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty'.
2004: Lee Hsien Loong becomes Prime Minister
In 2004, Lee Hsien Loong, the eldest son of Lee Kuan Yew, became Singapore's third prime minister.
2004: Aid to Aceh After Tsunami
In 2004, Singapore provided aid to Aceh in Indonesia following the Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.
2006: World's Best Airport
In 2006, Changi Airport was rated as the world's best airport for the first time by Skytrax.
2006: More than 80,000 international students in Singapore
In 2006, Singapore was an education hub with more than 80,000 international students.
2008: 32% of healthcare was funded by the government
In 2008, 32% of healthcare in Singapore was funded by the government.
2008: Inaugural Singapore Grand Prix
In 2008, Singapore began hosting a round of the Formula One World Championship with the Singapore Grand Prix at the Marina Bay Street Circuit, marking the inaugural F1 night race and the first F1 street race in Asia.
2008: Singapore's women's table tennis team win silver at the Beijing Olympics
In 2008, Singapore's women's table tennis team won silver at the Beijing Olympics.
2008: Financial Crisis
Lee Hsien Loong's tenure included the 2008 financial crisis.
October 2009: Foundation of the ASEAN Basketball League
In October 2009, the ASEAN Basketball League was founded, with the Singapore Slingers as one of the inaugural teams.
2009: 20% of students in Singaporean universities were international students
In 2009, 20% of all students in Singaporean universities were international students—the maximum cap allowed.
2009: Removed from OECD Tax Haven List
In 2009, Singapore was removed from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) "liste grise" of tax havens.
2009: Deployment to Gulf of Aden
Since 2009, the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN) has deployed ships to the Gulf of Aden to aid in countering piracy efforts.
2010: Water Demand
According to official forecasts, water demand in Singapore is expected to double from 1.4 to 2.8 billion litres per day between 2010 and 2060.
2010: Exports constituted 27% of GDP
In 2010, Singapore's main exports, including refined petroleum, integrated circuits, and computers, constituted 27% of the country's GDP.
2010: 2010 Census changes racial classification
Prior to 2010, individuals could only register as a member of one race. From 2010 onward, people may register using a multi-racial classification, allowing them to choose one primary and one secondary race.
2010: Participation in G20 Processes
Since 2010, Singapore has been invited to participate in G20 processes in most years, despite not being a formal member.
2010: TFR plateaued at 1.1 children per woman
Since 2010, Singapore's total fertility rate (TFR) has largely plateaued at 1.1 children per woman, which is among the lowest in the world.
2010: Singapore hosts the inaugural Summer Youth Olympics
Singapore hosted the inaugural 2010 Summer Youth Olympics, where 3,600 athletes from 204 nations competed in 26 sports.
2010: Religious demographics of Singapore
The text refers to the religious demographics of Singapore in 2010 and notes how the proportion of Christians, Muslims, and the nonreligious slightly increased between 2010 and 2020.
December 2011: 8,800 foreigners were diagnosed with HIV
As of December 2011, 8,800 foreigners were diagnosed with HIV.
2011: OCBC, DBS and UOB ranked as world's strongest banks
In 2011, Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation (OCBC), Development Bank of Singapore (DBS), and United Overseas Bank (UOB) were ranked by Bloomberg Businessweek as the world's 1st, 5th, and 6th strongest banks, respectively, after the 2008 financial crisis.
2011: PAP's Worst Electoral Results
In 2011, the PAP suffered its worst-ever electoral results, winning just 60% of votes.
January 2013: 5,400 Singaporeans were diagnosed with HIV
As of January 2013, 5,400 Singaporeans were diagnosed with HIV. In 2013, the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked Singapore as having the best quality of life in Asia and sixth overall in the world.
December 2013: 224,500 foreign domestic workers in Singapore
As of December 2013, there were approximately 224,500 foreign domestic workers in Singapore.
2013: Changes in Attitudes Towards LGBT Rights
According to a survey conducted by the Institute of Policy Studies, there were indications of increasing societal acceptance of LGBT rights between 2013 and 2019.
2013: World's Best Airport
From 2013 Changi Airport had also been rated as the world's best airport to 2020.
2013: China Becomes Largest Trading Partner
Since 2013, China has been Singapore's largest trading partner, surpassing Malaysia.
2014: Singapore ranked as world's most religiously diverse nation
A 2014 analysis by the Pew Research Center found Singapore to be the world's most religiously diverse nation, with no single religion claiming a majority.
2014: Smartphone penetration rates in Singapore
In 2014, Singapore had the world's highest smartphone penetration rates, with surveys by Deloitte and the Google Consumer Barometer reporting 89% and 85% of the population respectively owning smartphones.
March 2015: Death of Lee Kuan Yew
On 23 March 2015, Lee Kuan Yew died, and a one-week period of public mourning was observed nationwide.
2015: Internet service plans speed offerings in Singapore
As of spring 2015, internet service providers in Singapore offered residential service plans with speeds up to 2 Gbit/s.
2015: Increased Land Area
By 2015, land reclamation projects had increased Singapore's land area to 710 km.
2015: Singapore listed as top world destination by Lonely Planet
In 2015, Lonely Planet listed Singapore as their top world destination to visit, and The New York Times listed it as the 6th-best.
2015: Singapore Airlines ranked as Asia's most-admired company
In 2015, Singapore Airlines was ranked as Asia's most-admired company and the world's 19th most-admired company by Fortune. Changi Airport had more than 480 World's Best Airport awards as of 2015.
2015: Ma-Xi Meeting
In 2015, Singapore hosted the Ma–Xi meeting, the first meeting between the political leaders of the two sides of the Taiwan Strait since the end of the Chinese Civil War.
2015: Financial Secrecy Index Ranking
In 2015, Singapore ranked fourth on the Tax Justice Network's Financial Secrecy Index of the world's off-shore financial service providers.
2015: Students ranked first in OECD's global school performance rankings
In 2015, Singapore's primary and secondary students ranked first in OECD's global school performance rankings across 76 countries.
2015: Secret negotiations revealed
In 2015, it was revealed that secret negotiations by PAP leaders led to Malaysia's decision to expel Singapore on 7 August 1965.
August 2016: Indonesia to Create Tax Havens Near Singapore
In August 2016, The Straits Times reported that Indonesia had decided to create tax havens on two islands near Singapore to bring Indonesian capital back into the tax base.
2016: Joseph Schooling wins Singapore's first Olympic gold medal
At the 2016 Rio Olympics, Joseph Schooling won Singapore's first Olympic gold medal in the 100-metre butterfly with a new Olympic record time of 50.39 seconds.
2016: Switch to Polders
In 2016 Singapore switched to using polders for reclamation, in which an area is enclosed and then pumped dry, for land reclamation.
2016: Singapore students topped both PISA and TIMSS
In 2016, Singapore students topped both the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). Singapore placed 6th in the EF English Proficiency Index.
2016: Most Expensive City
In 2016, Singapore was rated the world's most expensive city for the third consecutive year by the Economist Intelligence Unit.
2016: Internet users in Singapore
In 2016, it was estimated that there were 4.7 million internet users in Singapore, representing 82.5% of the population.
2016: Art and culture events at the Esplanade
In 2016, the Esplanade, Singapore's largest performing arts centre, hosted 5,900 free art and culture events.
2016: Tourism generated approximately 8.6% of Singapore's employment
In 2016, the tourism sector generated approximately 8.6% of Singapore's employment.
August 2017: STB and EDB unveiled "Singapore – Passion Made Possible" brand
In August 2017, the Singapore Tourism Board (STB) and the Economic Development Board (EDB) unveiled a unified brand, "Singapore – Passion Made Possible", to market Singapore internationally for tourism and business.
2017: Singapore wins the SEA Games gold medal for water polo
In 2017, Singapore's men's water polo team won the SEA Games gold medal for the 27th time, marking the country's longest winning streak in sports.
2017: Reserved Presidential Election
In 2017, Singapore's presidential election was reserved for the Malay community, leading to Halimah Yacob winning in an uncontested election and becoming Singapore's first female president.
2017: Operation Started
Operation Ulu Pandan wastewater treatment started in 2017 and was jointly developed by PUB and the Black & Veatch + AECOM Joint Venture.
June 2018: US-North Korea Summit
In June 2018, Singapore hosted a historic summit between US President Donald Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong-un.
2018: Most Expensive City
In 2018, Singapore was rated the world's most expensive city by the Economist Intelligence Unit.
2018: Hawker centres in Singapore
In 2018, there were 114 hawker centres spread across Singapore. These centres are maintained by the National Environment Agency, which also grades each food stall for hygiene.
2018: Water/Wastewater Project of the Year Award
The Ulu Pandan wastewater treatment won the Water/Wastewater Project of the Year Award at the 2018 Global Water Awards in Paris, France.
2019: Survey on LGBT Rights
According to a survey conducted by the Institute of Policy Studies in 2019, Singaporean society has become more liberal on LGBT rights.
2019: Singaporeans had the longest life expectancy
In 2019, Singaporeans had the longest life expectancy of any country at 84.8 years. Singapore is also ranked 1st on the Global Food Security Index.
2019: Semiconductor companies constituted 11% of the global market share
In 2019, more than 60 semiconductor companies in Singapore together constituted 11% of the global market share, contributing around 7% of Singapore's GDP.
2019: World's Second-Busiest Port
In 2019, the Port of Singapore was the world's second-busiest port in terms of shipping tonnage handled and containerised traffic.
2019: Amendments to the Women's Charter
In 2019, the government amended the Women's Charter to legislate more serious punishments for traffickers, including imprisonment of up to seven years and a fine of S$100,000, in response to pimps trafficking women from neighboring countries.
2020: Satellite-Based System Delay
A satellite-based system was due to replace the physical gantries by 2020, but has been delayed until 2026 due to global shortages in the supply of semiconductors.
2020: Religion statistics from the 2020 census
According to the 2020 census, Buddhism was the most widely practiced religion with 31% of residents declaring themselves adherents. Christianity followed with 18.9%, then Islam at 15.6%, Taoism and Chinese Traditional Beliefs at 8.8%, and Hinduism at 5.0%.
2020: English was the language most spoken at home
According to the 2020 census, English was the language most spoken at home, used by 48.3% of the population, followed by Mandarin at 29.9%.
2020: World's Best Airport
Changi Airport had also been rated as the world's best airport from 2013 to 2020 before being superseded by Hamad International Airport in Doha.
2020: Coastline and Flood Protection Fund
In its 2020 budget, the government set aside an initial $5 billion towards a Coastline and Flood Protection Fund.
2020: 2020 Census reports resident demographics
The 2020 census reported that approximately 74.3% of residents were of Chinese descent, 13.5% of Malay descent, 9.0% of Indian descent, and 3.2% of other descent. These proportions were virtually identical to the 2010 census.
2020: General Election
The 2020 election held in July saw the PAP drop to 61% of the vote, while the Workers' Party took 10 of the 93 seats.
2021: Loh Kean Yew wins badminton gold
In 2021, Singapore's Loh Kean Yew achieved a "World Champion" status by winning a badminton gold at the 2021 BWF World Championships men's singles.
2021: Protest for Trans Protections
In 2021, six Singaporeans protested for improved trans protections in the educational system outside the Ministry of Education headquarters at Buona Vista.
2021: World Justice Project's Rule of Law Index Ranking
In 2021, the World Justice Project's Rule of Law Index ranked Singapore as 17th overall among the world's 193 countries.
2022: Announcement of Repeal of 377A
In 2022, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong announced that Singapore would repeal 377A, effectively decriminalizing homosexual behavior.
2022: Median age highest in the world, live births hit a record low
In 2022, the median age of Singaporean residents was among the highest in the world at 42.8, and live births hit a record low.
2022: Ranked 7th in the Global Innovation Index
Singapore was ranked 7th in the Global Innovation Index in 2022, highlighting its consistent performance in innovation.
January 2023: Repeal of Section 377A
The law criminalizing sexual relations between men, Section 377A, was officially repealed on 3 January 2023.
2023: Singapore's estimated population was 5,917,600
As of mid-2023, the estimated population of Singapore was 5,917,600, with 3,610,700 citizens, 522,300 permanent residents, and 1,644,500 foreign workers, international students, or dependants. The overall population increased by 5% from the previous year.
2023: Busiest International Air Routes
In 2023, Changi Airport had three of the ten busiest international air routes in the world: Kuala Lumpur–Singapore, Jakarta–Singapore, and Bangkok Suvarnabhumi–Singapore.
2023: World's Best Airline
In 2023, Singapore Airlines held the title of the World's Best Airline by Skytrax. It won this title 12 times.
2023: 13.6 million international tourists visited Singapore
In 2023, Singapore attracted 13.6 million international tourists, which is more than double the total population of Singapore.
2023: Singapore's ranking on the Press Freedom Index
In 2023, Singapore was ranked 129 on the Press Freedom Index published by Reporters Without Borders, an improvement from 139 the previous year.
2023: Press Freedom Index Ranking
In 2023, Singapore was ranked 129th out of 180 nations by Reporters Without Borders on the global Press Freedom Index.
2023: 4th Most Competitive Economy
In 2023, Singapore was the world's 4th most competitive economy, according to the International Institute for Management Development's World Competitiveness Ranking of 64 countries.
May 2024: Lawrence Wong becomes Prime Minister
On 15 May 2024, Lawrence Wong became Singapore's fourth Prime Minister; he is the first prime minister born after independence.
2024: Global Peace Index Ranking
According to the 2024 Global Peace Index, Singapore is the 5th most peaceful country in the world.
2024: Max Maeder wins Singapore's first Olympic medal in sailing
At the 2024 Paris Olympics, Max Maeder won Singapore's first Olympic medal in sailing, achieving bronze at the Men's Formula Kite on National Day. At 17, he was also Singapore's youngest Olympic medalist.
2024: Airport Superseded
In 2024, Changi Airport was superseded once more.
2024: Military Spending
In 2024, Singapore's government spent 2.7% of the country's GDP on the military.
2024: Ranked 4th in the Global Innovation Index
Singapore was ranked 4th in the Global Innovation Index in 2024, demonstrating its strong performance in innovation.
2024: MacDonald House explosion damage value in 2024 dollars
The explosion at MacDonald House on March 10 1965, caused US$250,000 in damages equivalent to US$2,494,456 in 2024.
2025: Human Development Index Ranking
In the 2025 report, Singapore was ranked 13th in the world in the Human Development Index (HDI).
2025: General Election
Lawrence Wong's first electoral test in the 2025 election saw the PAP winning 65.5% of the vote and 87 out of 97 seats in Parliament.
2026: Satellite-Based System
A satellite-based system that will replace the physical gantries by 2026 due to global shortages in the supply of semiconductors.
2040: Projected Water Stress
Singapore is projected to face significant water-stress by 2040.
2060: Projected Water Demand
According to official forecasts, water demand in Singapore is expected to double from 1.4 to 2.8 billion litres per day between 2010 and 2060.
2061: Water Agreement Expiry
Singapore has declared that it will be water self-sufficient by the time its 1961 long-term water supply agreement with Malaysia expires in 2061.
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