The Premier League is the top-tier professional football league in England. It involves 20 clubs competing in a promotion and relegation system with the English Football League. A typical season stretches from August to May, with each team participating in 38 matches, playing every other team twice (once at home and once away). Games predominantly take place on weekend afternoons, although some fixtures are scheduled for weekday evenings.
The 1948-49 season set a record for average attendance, which lasted for over 70 years until it was broken in the 2021-22 season.
In 1985, the Heysel Stadium disaster, involving Liverpool fans, led to a five-year ban for English clubs from European competition.
Alex Ferguson was in charge of Manchester United from November 1986 until his retirement at the end of the 2012–13 season.
In 1986, First Division clubs secured a 50% share of all television and sponsorship income, with the Football League receiving £6.3 million for a two-year agreement.
In 1988, a deal was agreed with ITV, raising the price to £44 million over four years with leading clubs taking 75% of the cash.
In April 1989, the Hillsborough disaster occurred between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest fans at Hillsborough Stadium, Sheffield.
In 1989, the Hillsborough disaster and the subsequent Taylor Report recommended that standing terraces should be abolished in football stadiums.
In January 1990, the Taylor Report on stadium safety standards was published, proposing upgrades to all-seater stadiums following the Hillsborough disaster.
At the close of the 1990-1991 season, a proposal was made for a new league to bring more money into the game.
In 1990, Greg Dyke of London Weekend Television (LWT) met with representatives of the "big five" clubs to discuss a breakaway from the Football League.
In June 1991, the FA released a report, "Blueprint for the Future of Football", supporting the plan for the Premier League.
On 17 July 1991, the Founder Members Agreement was signed, establishing the basic principles for setting up the FA Premier League.
In 1991, Luton Town, Notts County, and West Ham United were the three teams relegated from the old First Division.
In 1991, Manchester United won the Cup Winners' Cup, marking a turnaround after UEFA lifted the ban on English clubs playing in European competitions.
In 1991, the top flight expanded to 22 teams, the year prior to the formation of the Premier League.
In February 1992, the FA Premier League was founded after First Division clubs decided to break away from the English Football League.
After the creation of the Premier League, Blackburn Rovers was relegated in 2011-12 and Leicester City followed in 2022-23. This was the first time the event occurred.
At the inception of the Premier League in 1992–93, just 11 players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of matches hailed from outside of the United Kingdom or Ireland.
For the Premier League's first season, 1992-93, the average attendance was 21,126.
In 1992, the FA Premier League was formed as a limited company, with 22 inaugural members.
In 1992, the Premier League held its first season with 22 clubs.
In 1992, the Premier League was established, marking the beginning of a new era in English football.
In 1992, the Premier League's decision to assign broadcasting rights to Sky was a radical move that proved successful in boosting the league's value.
Between 1993 and 1997, Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United began challenging Manchester United's dominance.
In 1993, the Premier League was sponsored by Carling, becoming known as the FA Carling Premiership.
By the 1994–95 deadline set by the Taylor Report, capacities of most stadiums were reduced as clubs replaced terraces with seats to meet requirements.
In 1994, Blackburn Rovers won the Premier League. This was the last time a club outside of the 'Big Six' won the league until Leicester City won in 2015.
In 1994, Topps, under its Merlin brand, began producing Premier League collectables, including stickers and trading cards.
In the 1994-95 season, Blackburn Rovers secured the FA Premier League title.
In the 1994-95 season, Blackburn Rovers won the title, being one of the only clubs outside of the "Big Four" to achieve this feat.
In 1995, the amount of teams in the Premier League was reduced to 20.
In 1995, the number of clubs in the Premier League was reduced from 22 to 20, with four teams relegated and only two promoted.
In the 1995-96 season, Newcastle United led the title charge over Manchester United for much of the season.
In 1996, Arsène Wenger began managing Arsenal in the Premier League and would continue until his departure at the conclusion of the 2017–18 season.
In 1997, Arsenal won the League and FA Cup double, starting a duopoly with Manchester United.
In the 1997–98 season, all three promoted clubs were relegated at the season's end.
Starting from the 1997–98 season, Sky's Premier League television rights contract rose to £670 million over four seasons.
In 1998, Wimbledon received Premier League approval to relocate to Dublin, Ireland, but the move was blocked by the Football Association of Ireland.
In July 1999, the UK Restrictive Practices Court investigated the Premier League's method of selling rights collectively but concluded it was not against the public interest.
On 26 December 1999, Chelsea became the first Premier League side to field an entirely foreign starting line-up.
Between the 1999-2000 and 2009-10 seasons, four Premier League sides reached the UEFA Cup or Europa League finals.
In 1999, in response to concerns that clubs were increasingly passing over young English players in favour of foreign players, the Home Office tightened its rules for granting work permits to players from countries outside of the European Union.
By the 2000–01 season, the number of foreign players participating in the Premier League was 36% of the total.
In 2000, Nike became the official ball supplier for the Premier League, taking over from Mitre, and they've held the contract ever since.
In the 2000-01 season, Leeds United reached the semi-finals of the Champions League.
From 2001 to 2004, BSkyB paid £1.024 billion for the Premier League television rights.
In 2001, the Premier League was sponsored by Barclaycard and rebranded the FA Barclaycard Premiership.
In the 2001-02 season, Newcastle United qualified for the UEFA Champions League.
The 2001-02 season was one of the seasons that promoted teams managed to avoid relegation in their first Premier League season.
In 2002, the Office of Fair Trading investigated BSkyB but found insufficient grounds to claim BSkyB abused its dominant position in the pay TV sports market.
In the 2002-03 season, Newcastle United qualified for the UEFA Champions League.
In the 2002-03 season, Serie A also had three teams in the Champions League semi-finals.
Between 1997 and 2003, Arsenal and Manchester United formed a duopoly over the league.
Following the 2003–04 season, Arsenal were nicknamed "The Invincibles" after completing a Premier League campaign without losing a single game.
From 2004 to 2007, the Premier League brought in £320 million from the sale of its international television rights.
In 2004, Chelsea broke the Arsenal-Man United duopoly by winning the league in the 2004–05 season.
In 2004, a special gold version of the trophy was commissioned to commemorate Arsenal winning the title without a single defeat.
In 2004, the league was rebranded the FA Barclays Premiership.
In the 2004–05 season, the figure had increased to 45% of foreign players participating in the Premier League.
On 14 February 2005, Arsenal became the first team to name a completely foreign 16-man squad for a match.
In 2005, Liverpool won the Champions League during a period of Premier League dominance in the competition.
Thierry Henry won his fourth overall scoring title by scoring 27 goals in the 2005–06 season.
In June 2006, FIFA requested major European leagues, including the Premier League, reduce to 18 teams by the 2007–08 season.
From August 2006, Setanta Sports was awarded rights to show two out of six packages of Premier League matches.
In 2006, Arsenal lost the Champions League final.
For the 2007–08 season, the Premier League was rebranded as the Barclays Premier League, marking a change in its official name.
In 2007, Sky and Setanta paid £1.7 billion for Premier League broadcasting rights, while BBC retained highlights rights for £171.6 million.
In 2007, the Premier League resisted FIFA's request to reduce the number of teams to 18, and the 2007–08 season kicked off with 20 teams.
In the 2007–08 season, Topps launched Match Attax, the official Premier League trading card game, which became a best-selling collectable in the UK.
In May 2008, Kevin Keegan stated that "Big Four" dominance threatened the division's excitement.
In 2008, Manchester United won the Champions League during a period of Premier League dominance in the competition.
On 22 June 2009, ESPN was awarded two packages of UK rights containing 46 matches for the 2009–10 season after Setanta Sports failed to meet a payment deadline.
Between the 1999-2000 and 2009-10 seasons, four Premier League sides reached the UEFA Cup or Europa League finals.
By 2009, under 40% of the players in the Premier League were English.
Following 2009, Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester City regularly broke into the top four, turning the "Big Four" into the "Big Six".
In 2009, Manchester United lost the Champions League final.
In 2009–10, the Premier League had the highest revenue of any association football league globally, with total club revenues reaching €2.48 billion.
In the 2009-10 season, Tottenham Hotspur qualified for the UEFA Champions League.
As of the 2010–11 season, the Premier League introduced new rules mandating that each club must register a maximum 25-man squad of players aged over 21, with the squad list only allowed to be changed in transfer windows or in exceptional circumstances. This was to enable the "home grown" rule to be enacted.
From 2007 to 2010, Premier League clubs had an average media income of around £40 million-a-year from league games, totaling over £2.7 billion.
In 2010, Fulham lost their final in the Europa League.
In 2010, the Premier League was awarded the Queen's Award for Enterprise in the International Trade category.
Television rights alone for the period 2010 to 2013 were purchased for £1.782 billion.
In August 2011, Swansea City played the first Premier League match to be played outside England at Liberty Stadium against Wigan Athletic.
After the creation of the Premier League, Blackburn Rovers was relegated in 2011-12 and Leicester City followed in 2022-23. This was the first time the event occurred.
In 2011, Manchester United lost the Champions League final.
In the 2011-12 season, Manchester City won the title, becoming the first club outside the "Big Four" to win since Blackburn Rovers.
In the five seasons following the 2011-12 campaign, Manchester United and Liverpool both found themselves outside of the top four three times.
The 2011-12 season was one of the seasons that promoted teams managed to avoid relegation in their first Premier League season.
On 13 June 2012, the Premier League announced that BT had been awarded 38 games a season for three seasons at £246 million-a-year.
In December 2012, Premier League clubs agreed in principle to radical new cost controls, including a break-even rule and a cap on wage bill increases.
At the end of the 2012–13 season, Alex Ferguson retired from managing Manchester United.
In 2012, Chelsea won the Champions League, marking the end of a period of Premier League dominance in the competition.
In 2012, Chelsea, despite finishing sixth in the league, qualified for the 2012–13 Champions League after winning the Champions League that summer, replacing Tottenham Hotspur.
In 2012, the Premier League celebrated its second decade by holding the 20 Seasons Awards.
By the end of the 2013-14 season, all 20 Premier League clubs were in the top 40 globally, mainly due to increased broadcasting revenue.
In 2013, NBC Sports acquired the rights to broadcast the Premier League in the United States, replacing Fox Soccer and ESPN.
In 2013, Swansea City took one of England's three available places in the Europa League.
In 2013, the number of Welsh clubs in the Premier League increased to two as Cardiff City gained promotion, joining Swansea City.
In 2013–14, Premier League clubs collectively made a net profit exceeding £78 million due to improved television revenues and cost controls.
Starting in 2013, BT was awarded 38 games a season and Sky retained 116 games.
Starting with the 2013–14 season, Premier League parachute payments to relegated clubs exceeded £60 million over four seasons.
In the 2014-15 season, BT was awarded 38 games a season and Sky retained 116 games.
In June 2015, the Premier League announced it would not pursue further title sponsorship deals after Barclays' deal expired, aiming for a "clean" brand aligning with major U.S. sports leagues.
From 2015–16, the Europa League champions qualify for the Champions League, increasing the maximum number of participants per country to five.
In 2015, Leicester City, with extraordinary 5000/1 odds, defied expectations to win the Premier League, marking the first time a club outside the "Big Six" had achieved this since Blackburn Rovers in the 1994–95 season.
In 2015, NBC Sports reached a six-year extension with the Premier League to broadcast the league until the end of the 2021–22 season in a deal valued at $1 billion (£640 million).
In 2015, Sky and BT paid £5.136 billion to renew their contracts with the Premier League for another three years up to the 2018–19 season.
In the 2015-16 season, Chelsea finished 10th.
In August 2016, the BBC announced the creation of a new magazine-style show for the Premier League entitled The Premier League Show.
In 2016, Premier League clubs were apportioned central payment revenues of £2.4 billion, with an additional £343 million in solidarity payments to EFL clubs.
In 2016, the BBC's highlights package on Saturday and Sunday nights came to an end.
In 2016, the change of Champions League Qualification took effect in England, and in 2017 Manchester United won the Europa League.
In the 2016-17 season, Arsenal finished 5th, ending their record run of 20 consecutive top-four finishes.
In the 2016–17 season, central payments across the 20 Premier League clubs amounted to £2,398,515,773, including participation fees, TV broadcasts, and commercial rights.
In May 2017, Burnley finished 16th in the league and received a merit payment of £9,708,045.
Arsène Wenger left Arsenal at the conclusion of the 2017-18 season, ending his tenure as the longest-serving manager in the Premier League.
From the 2017–18 season, players receive a milestone award for 100 appearances and every century thereafter, and also players who score 50 goals and multiples thereof.
In 2017, Cadbury became the official snack partner of the Premier League and sponsored awards like the Golden Boot from the 2017–18 season.
In 2017, Cardiff were promoted again, which marked a change in clubs for the following year as Swansea were relegated.
In 2017, Manchester United finished sixth in the Premier League and won the Europa League, giving England five Champions League entrants for 2017–18.
The 2017-18 season was one of the seasons that promoted teams managed to avoid relegation in their first Premier League season.
In February 2018, BT was awarded the package of 32 lunchtime fixtures on Saturdays, while Sky was awarded four of the seven packages, covering the majority of weekend fixtures, as well as Monday and Friday matches.
In June 2018, Amazon Prime Video and BT acquired the remaining two packages for Premier League broadcasting rights, with Amazon acquiring rights to 20 matches per-season.
In October 2018, Panini was awarded the license to produce Premier League collectables starting from the 2019–20 season.
In 2018, Sky and BT contracts were renewed for another three years up to the 2018-19 season.
In 2018, Swansea City were relegated from the Premier League.
In the 2018–19 Premier League season the average annual salary stood at £2.99 million.
The total salary bill for the 20 Premier League clubs in the 2018–19 season was £1.62 billion.
In December 2019, Richard Masters was appointed as the chief executive of the Premier League, taking on a key leadership role.
A new rights cycle began in the 2019-20 season, increasing to 200 matches overall.
From the 2019–20 season, Video Assistant Referees (VAR) were implemented in the Premier League to assist referees in decision-making during matches.
In 2019, Topps' license to produce Premier League collectables expired, and Panini took over from the 2019-20 season.
In 2019, Video Assistant Referee (VAR) was introduced to the Premier League, utilizing technology and officials to assist referees in making decisions on the pitch.
In 2019, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and resumption of play, the Premier League announced all remaining matches would be carried on British television, with some matches on free-to-air broadcasts via Sky, Amazon, and the BBC.
In 2019, the Premier League generated around £3.1 billion per year in domestic and international television rights.
In 2019, the rights cycle between the 2022-23 and 2024-25 seasons was renewed and rights remained as they were since the 2019-20 season.
In Deloitte's 2019 report, all the "Big Six" clubs featured in the top ten of the world's richest clubs, demonstrating their continued financial dominance in global football.
Starting from the 2019–20 season, the Young Player of the Season award is given to the most outstanding U-23 player.
By February 2020, 117 different nationalities had played in the Premier League, and 101 nationalities had scored in the competition.
During the 2020–21 season, The Coca-Cola Company (under its Coca-Cola Zero Sugar product line) sponsored the Golden Boot, Golden Glove and Playmaker of the Season awards.
In 2020, with matches still played without spectators, the Premier League made matches not selected for broadcast available on pay-per-view via BT Sport Box Office and Sky Box Office at £14.95 per-match, leading to supporter boycotts.
Following the implementation of Brexit in January 2021, new regulations were introduced which require all foreign players to obtain a Governing Body Endorsement (GBE) in order to play football in the United Kingdom, regardless of EU status.
On 26 April 2021, a Premier League match between Leicester City and Crystal Palace was paused to allow players Wesley Fofana and Cheikhou Kouyaté to break their Ramadan fast, marking a historic moment in the league.
In May 2021, Premier League chief executive Richard Masters spoke out against the implementation of an independent regulator for football governance.
On 22 July 2021, Tracey Crouch MP announced that the Premier League had "lost the trust and confidence" of fans, recommending a new independent regulator for football governance.
On 6 July 2021, Amanda Staveley of PCP Capital Partners criticized the Premier League for its lack of transparency during the attempted takeover of Newcastle United.
In November 2021, NBC reached a six-year extension with the Premier League to broadcast the league through 2028, in a deal valued at $2.76 billion (£2 billion).
As of the 2021–22 season, Castrol became the sponsor for the Golden Boot, Golden Glove and Playmaker of the Season awards.
During the 2021-22 season, average attendance reached a record of 39,989, which broke an over 70-year-old record set in the 1948-49 season.
In 2021, broadcast rights in China were awarded to iQiyi, Migu and CCTV, beginning in the 2021–22 season.
Starting with the 2021–22 season, four new awards are given: Save of the Season, Game Changer of the Season, Most Powerful Goal, and Most Improbable Comeback.
In December 2022, the Premier League took a six-week break to accommodate the first winter World Cup, resuming with Boxing Day fixtures.
As of the 2022–23 season, Canadian media rights to the Premier League are owned by FuboTV.
From 2022 to 2025, the Premier League is projected to earn $7.2 billion in overseas TV rights.
In 2022, the rights cycle between the 2022–23 and 2024–25 seasons was renewed without tender due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The 2022-23 season was one of the seasons that promoted teams managed to avoid relegation in their first Premier League season.
The 2022–23 Premier League season set a competition record for total attendance with more than 15 million spectators, with average attendance also reaching record levels, surpassing the previous record of 39,989 set in the 2021–22 season.
As of 15 May 2023, Erling Haaland holds the record for most goals in a Premier League season (38 matches) with 36 goals.
As of the 2023–24 season, Premier League football has been played in 61 stadiums since the formation of the division. The combined total capacity of the Premier League in the 2023–24 season is 787,002 with an average capacity of 39,350.
For the 2023–24 season, the Premier League has 13 representatives in UEFA's European Club Association, contributing to the operations of UEFA competitions.
In 2023, Manchester City won the Premier League for the sixth time in seven years to become the first top-flight team to win four consecutive league titles in English football history.
In 2023, up to and including the 2023-24 season, fifty-one clubs have played in the Premier League from its inception in 1992.
In early 2023, Alison Brittain took over the role of chair of the Premier League, assuming a prominent position in the organization's leadership.
In the 2023 season, the average Premier League match attendance was 38,375.
In the 2023-24 season, all three promoted clubs were relegated at the season's end.
As of 26 September 2024, the coefficients for are as follows (only top five European leagues are shown):
In October 2024, it was reported that the government is planning to grant the independent regulator authority to stop Premier League clubs from selling their stadiums to affiliated or third-party companies.
On 22 November 2024, the Premier League announced plans to end its agreement with IMG and take Premier League Productions in-house beginning in 2026–27.
As of 2024, the Premier League is ranked first in the UEFA coefficient rankings based on performances in European competitions over the past five seasons.
In 2024, Aston Villa finished fourth and qualified for the 2024–25 UEFA Champions League.
In 2024, the rights cycle between the 2022–23 and 2024–25 seasons was renewed without tender due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
In the 2024-25 season, twenty clubs are competing in the Premier League including the top seventeen from the previous season and three promoted from the Championship.
Starting from the 2024–25 UEFA Champions League, there are additional berths for the two best associations which may result in a maximum of six teams from one association in the Champions League.
Broadcasting agreements to continental Europe will continue until 2025, including agreements with Canal+ for France, Sky Sport Germany for Germany and Austria, Match TV for Russia, Sky Sport Italy for Italy, Eleven Sports for Portugal, DAZN for Spain, beIN Sports Turkey to Turkey, Digi Sport for Romania, and NENT to Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark and Norway), Poland and the Netherlands.
In 2025, the Premier League's television rights deal will rise to £6.7 billion for the four seasons from 2025 to 2029.
In 2026, the Premier League announced plans to take Premier League Productions in-house beginning in the 2026-27 season.
The six-year extension of broadcasting rights that NBC reached in November 2021, to broadcast the Premier League, will end in 2028.
In 2029, the Premier League's £6.7 billion television rights deal (spanning from 2025) will conclude.