The Premier League, the top tier of English football, features 20 clubs competing in a promotion-relegation system with the English Football League (EFL). Each season spans from August to May, with teams playing 38 matches (home and away) against each other. Matches typically occur on Saturday and Sunday afternoons, with some weekday evening games.
Before the record-breaking attendance figures of the 2021-22 and 2022-23 seasons, the Premier League's highest average attendance record was established in the 1948-49 season. This long-standing record was broken after over 70 years.
English clubs were banned from European competition for five years following the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985.
In 1986, the top clubs in Division One gained a more favorable financial arrangement, taking a 50% share of all television and sponsorship income.
By 1988, in a deal agreed with ITV, the price for television rights rose to £44 million over four years, with the leading clubs taking 75% of the cash. The negotiations were conducted under the threat of ten clubs leaving to form a "super league," but they were eventually persuaded to stay, with the top clubs taking the lion's share of the deal.
The Hillsborough disaster in 1989 resulted in the Taylor Report, which recommended the removal of standing terraces in football stadiums. This recommendation led to the transition to all-seater stadiums in the Premier League.
The Taylor Report on stadium safety standards, which proposed expensive upgrades to create all-seater stadiums in the aftermath of the Hillsborough disaster, was published in January 1990.
UEFA lifted the five-year ban on English clubs playing in European competitions in 1990, resulting in Manchester United lifting the Cup Winners' Cup in 1991.
In 1991, prior to the Premier League's formation, the top flight of English football was expanded to 22 clubs.
The FA Premier League was founded in February 1992 when clubs in the First Division decided to break away from the English Football League.
Fifty-one clubs have competed in the Premier League since its inception in 1992.
Blackburn Rovers, having won the Premier League, experienced relegation in a later season, setting a precedent for league winners facing relegation.
In 1992, the Premier League made a groundbreaking decision to assign broadcasting rights to Sky, marking a pivotal moment in the league's history.
The Premier League was established in 1992.
The average attendance for Premier League matches during the 1992-93 season, the league's first season, was 21,126. However, it's important to note that stadium capacities were reduced during this season as clubs replaced terraces with seats to comply with the Taylor Report's 1994-95 deadline for all-seater stadiums.
In 1993, after an inaugural season without a sponsor, the Premier League secured Carling as its first title sponsor. The league was then known as the FA Carling Premiership.
The Taylor Report, published following the Hillsborough disaster in 1989, set a deadline of 1994-95 for all Premier League stadiums to become all-seater venues. This requirement led to clubs undertaking renovations to replace standing terraces with seats.
In the 1994-95 season, Blackburn Rovers won the Premier League title. This marked the last time a team outside the "Big Four" would win the title until Manchester City in the 2011-12 season.
From 1994 to 2019, Topps held the licence to produce Premier League collectables, including stickers and trading cards, under its Merlin brand.
Blackburn Rovers won the Premier League in the 1994-95 season, marking the last time a club outside the "Big Six" achieved this feat until Leicester City's win in the 2015-16 season.
In 1995, the Premier League reduced the number of participating clubs from 22 to 20. Four teams were relegated, and only two were promoted.
In the 1997-1998 season, all three promoted clubs were relegated back to the Football League.
The Premier League negotiated a broadcasting rights deal worth £670 million over four seasons, to begin with the 1997-1998 season.
In 1998, Wimbledon's plan to relocate to Dublin, Ireland, received Premier League approval but was ultimately blocked by the Football Association of Ireland.
In July 1999, the UK Restrictive Practices Court investigated the Premier League's practice of collectively selling broadcasting rights for all member clubs and determined that it did not violate the public interest.
Nike replaced Mitre as the official ball supplier for the Premier League beginning with the 2000-01 season.
In 2001, BSkyB secured a broadcasting rights deal with the Premier League for £1.024 billion over three seasons.
In 2001, Barclaycard became the new title sponsor, leading to the league's name changing to the FA Barclaycard Premiership.
With the exception of the 2001-2002 season, at least one newly promoted Premier League team has been relegated back to the Football League in every season.
In 2002, the Office of Fair Trading investigated BSkyB's dominance in the pay TV sports market but determined there was no abuse of its dominant position.
In 2004, Arsenal won the Premier League title without a single defeat, a feat known as the 'Invincible Season'. To commemorate this achievement, a special gold version of the Premier League trophy was commissioned.
In 2004, The Premier League sold its international broadcasting rights for £320 million for the three-year period from 2004 to 2007.
The league was renamed the FA Barclays Premiership in the 2004–05 season.
In 2005, Liverpool was granted special dispensation to enter the Champions League despite not finishing in a qualifying position in the Premier League. This was because they had won the Champions League the previous season.
In August 2006, Setanta Sports was awarded rights to broadcast two out of six packages of Premier League matches, ending Sky's monopoly on broadcasting rights.
In the 2007–08 season, Topps launched Match Attax, the official Premier League trading card game, which became a bestseller in the UK and globally.
Premier League clubs received an average of £40 million-a-year from broadcasting rights revenue from 2007 to 2010.
The Premier League resisted FIFA's request to reduce the league to 18 teams. The 2007-08 season commenced with 20 clubs.
In the 2007-08 season, the league underwent another rebranding, becoming the Barclays Premier League.
In June 2009, ESPN was awarded UK broadcasting rights for two packages containing 46 Premier League matches for the 2009-10 season after Setanta Sports failed to meet payment deadlines.
In 2009, a shift in the structure of the "Big Four" began as Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester City started breaking into the top four places regularly, leading to the emergence of the "Big Six".
In the 2009-10 season, the Premier League generated total club revenues of €2.48 billion, solidifying its position as the association football league with the highest revenue worldwide.
Television broadcasting rights for the period from 2010 to 2013 were purchased for £1.782 billion.
In 2010, the Premier League was honored with the Queen's Award for Enterprise in the International Trade category. This recognition highlighted the league's substantial contributions to international trade and its significant value to English football and the UK's broadcasting industry.
Premier League clubs received an average of £40 million-a-year from broadcasting rights revenue from 2007 to 2010.
On August 20, 2011, Swansea City's home match against Wigan Athletic at the Liberty Stadium marked the first Premier League match played outside England.
Following the 2011-12 season, competition for the four UEFA Champions League qualification spots intensified among the "Big Six".
In the 2011-12 season, Manchester City won the Premier League title, becoming the first club outside the "Big Four" to achieve this since Blackburn Rovers in the 1994-95 season.
With the exception of the 2011-2012 season, at least one newly promoted Premier League team has been relegated back to the Football League in every season.
In June 2012, BT was awarded broadcasting rights for 38 Premier League games per season for the 2013-14, 2014-15, and 2015-16 seasons.
In December 2012, Premier League clubs reached an agreement in principle to implement significant new cost controls. The proposed measures included a break-even rule and a limit on the annual increase in club wage bills. This move aimed to address the increasing flow of revenue directly to players and agents, particularly in light of upcoming lucrative television deals.
In 2012, the Premier League celebrated its 20th anniversary by holding the 20 Seasons Awards.
Beginning with the 2013-14 Premier League season, parachute payments to relegated clubs increased to over £60 million over four seasons.
By the end of the 2013–14 season, all 20 Premier League clubs secured positions within the top 40 richest clubs globally, primarily due to the significant increase in broadcasting revenue.
During the 2013–14 season, Premier League clubs collectively achieved a net profit surpassing £78 million, a feat unmatched by any other football league, largely due to improved television revenues and cost controls.
In 2013, NBC Sports obtained the broadcasting rights for the Premier League in the United States, taking over from Fox Soccer and ESPN. NBC Sports received widespread acclaim for its coverage.
In June 2012, BT was awarded broadcasting rights for 38 Premier League games per season for the 2013-14, 2014-15, and 2015-16 seasons.
In the 2013-14 season, two Welsh clubs, Swansea City and Cardiff City, participated in the Premier League.
Swansea City participated in the 2013-14 Europa League by winning the League Cup in the previous season.
In June 2012, BT was awarded broadcasting rights for 38 Premier League games per season for the 2013-14, 2014-15, and 2015-16 seasons.
In June 2015, the FA announced that the Premier League would no longer pursue title sponsorship deals, aiming to develop a "clean" brand similar to major U.S. sports leagues.
Starting in the 2015–16 season, the winners of the Europa League were granted automatic qualification for the following season's Champions League, potentially increasing the maximum number of participants per country to five.
Leicester City won the Premier League in the 2015-16 season but faced relegation in the 2022-23 season, highlighting the fluctuating fortunes of clubs in the Premier League.
In the 2015-16 season, Chelsea finished 10th, marking a significant decline for a club accustomed to top-four finishes.
In the 2015-16 season, Leicester City defied 5000/1 odds to win the Premier League, becoming the first club outside the "Big Six" to do so since Blackburn Rovers in the 1994-95 season.
In June 2012, BT was awarded broadcasting rights for 38 Premier League games per season for the 2013-14, 2014-15, and 2015-16 seasons.
In 2015, NBC Sports signed a six-year extension with the Premier League to broadcast the league in the United States until the end of the 2021–22 season. This deal was valued at $1 billion (£640 million).
In August 2016, the BBC introduced a new magazine-style program dedicated to the Premier League called 'The Premier League Show'.
Clubs were apportioned central payment revenues of £2.4 billion in 2016–17, with a further £343 million in solidarity payments to EFL clubs.
In the 2016–17 season, Manchester United finished sixth in the Premier League but won the Europa League, earning them a spot in the 2017–18 Champions League. This marked the first time England had five teams in the competition.
The 2016-17 Deloitte Football Money League report highlighted the significant financial disparity between the "Big Six" and the rest of the Premier League clubs. All "Big Six" clubs generated revenues exceeding €350 million, with Manchester United leading the league at €676.3 million.
The BBC's highlights package, which aired on Saturday and Sunday nights, as well as other evenings, concluded in 2016.
The Premier League implemented a central payment system for the 2016-17 season, encompassing participation fees, TV broadcast revenues, commercial rights income, and performance-based bonuses.
Arsenal's record run of 20 consecutive top-four finishes ended in the 2016-17 season when they finished 5th.
In May 2017, the central payments for the 2016-17 season were distributed among the 20 Premier League clubs, totaling £2,398,515,773. Each team received a fixed participation fee of £35,301,989 along with supplementary payments determined by TV broadcasts, commercial rights, and a "merit" factor based on their final league standings.
With the exception of the 2017-2018 season, at least one newly promoted Premier League team has been relegated back to the Football League in every season.
Beginning in the 2017–18 season, the Premier League introduced milestone awards for players reaching 100 appearances and every century thereafter, as well as for players who score 50 goals and multiples thereof.
The 2017-18 season saw five English teams compete in the Champions League following Manchester United's Europa League victory the previous season.
In the 2017-18 season, Cardiff City was promoted to the Premier League while Swansea City was relegated.
Cadbury became the official snack partner of the Premier League in 2017 and sponsored the Golden Boot, Golden Glove, and Playmaker of the Season awards from 2017-18 to 2019-20.
In February 2018, BT secured the rights to broadcast 32 lunchtime Premier League fixtures on Saturdays, beginning in the 2019-20 season.
In June 2018, Amazon Prime Video and BT acquired the remaining two Premier League broadcasting rights packages, covering mid-week and Boxing Day fixtures.
In October 2018, Panini secured the licence to produce Premier League collectables, taking over from Topps, starting with the 2019-20 season.
For the 2018–19 season, the average Premier League match attendance was 38,181, second to the German Bundesliga's 43,500, while aggregated attendance across all matches was the highest of any association football league at 14,508,981.
Following Cardiff City's relegation after the 2018-19 season, there were no Welsh clubs remaining in the Premier League.
In 2015, the value of Premier League broadcasting rights increased, with Sky and BT paying £5.136 billion to extend their contracts for three more years, covering the period up to the 2018-19 season.
Richard Masters was appointed as the chief executive of the Premier League in December 2019.
A new cycle of Premier League broadcasting rights began with the 2019-20 season, increasing the domestic package to a total of 200 matches.
After holding the licence for 25 years, Topps' contract to produce Premier League collectables ended in 2019.
Deloitte's 2019 report revealed that all "Big Six" clubs were among the top ten richest clubs globally.
From the 2019-20 season onward, video assistant referees (VAR) were implemented in the Premier League.
In 2019, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, the Premier League announced that all remaining matches of the 2019–20 season would be broadcasted on British television. The matches were split primarily across Sky, BT, and Amazon, with a large number also scheduled for free-to-air broadcasts. This marked the first time in league history that the BBC carried live Premier League matches.
In 2019, the Premier League achieved annual revenue of approximately £3.1 billion from domestic and international television rights.
In 2019, the Premier League implemented the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) system. It assists referees in making decisions during matches but has received mixed reactions from fans and experts. Some praise its accuracy, while others criticize its impact on game flow and decision-making consistency.
Starting from the 2019–20 season, the Premier League introduced the Young Player of the Season award to recognize the most outstanding U-23 player.
The broadcasting arrangements set in 2019 served as the foundation for subsequent seasons due to the decision to extend rights without a tender process in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
In October 2020, Manchester United and Liverpool, two leading Premier League clubs, put forward "Project Big Picture," a proposal to reunite the top Premier League clubs with the English Football League. The proposal drew criticism from both the Premier League leadership and the UK government's Department for Culture, Media and Sport.
In 2020, as matches continued to be played without spectators due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, Premier League clubs voted to continue broadcasting all matches. Initially, broadcasts were extended through September, with additional matches for the BBC and Amazon. However, for October, a controversial pay-per-view (PPV) scheme was introduced for matches not selected for regular broadcast. The PPV scheme, offered via BT Sport Box Office and Sky Box Office at £14.95 per match, was met with criticism from fans and the Football Supporters' Federation, who deemed the price excessive and raised concerns about potential piracy. Supporter boycotts and charitable fundraising campaigns followed. By November 2020, the Premier League announced the PPV scheme would be scrapped, with non-televised matches assigned to main broadcast partners, including additional matches for the BBC and Amazon Prime.
The Coca-Cola Company, using its Coca-Cola Zero Sugar brand, sponsored the Golden Boot, Golden Glove, and Playmaker of the Season awards during the 2020-21 season.
On April 26, 2021, a match between Leicester City and Crystal Palace was paused to allow players Wesley Fofana and Cheikhou Kouyaté to break their Ramadan fast. This marked the first time in Premier League history that a game was halted for this reason.
Richard Masters, Premier League chief executive, expressed opposition to establishing an independent regulator in May 2021. He defended the Premier League's regulatory role over its clubs for the past 30 years.
In July 2021, Tracey Crouch MP, leading the fan-led review of UK football governance, revealed in interim findings that the Premier League had 'lost the trust and confidence' of fans. The review suggested creating an independent regulator to oversee matters like club takeovers.
In July 2021, the Premier League faced backlash following its blocking of a PIF-backed consortium's attempted takeover of Newcastle United. MPs, fans, and parties involved in the deal criticized the Premier League's lack of transparency and accountability during the process.
In November 2021, NBC secured a six-year extension to its broadcasting agreement with the Premier League, ensuring coverage in the United States until 2028. This deal, valued at $2.76 billion (£2 billion), followed a previous six-year extension signed in 2015.
As of the 2021-22 season, Castrol took over as the sponsor for the Golden Boot, Golden Glove, and Playmaker of the Season awards.
In 2021, iQiyi, Migu, and CCTV acquired the broadcasting rights for the Premier League in China, commencing with the 2021–22 season.
The 2021-22 Premier League season saw a record-breaking average attendance of 39,989 spectators per match. This record was surpassed in the following 2022-23 season.
The 2022-23 season was the first to incorporate a six-week break between November and December 2022 to accommodate the first winter World Cup. Newcastle United and Brighton & Hove Albion disrupted the traditional "Big Six" hierarchy by finishing fourth and sixth, respectively, while Tottenham and Chelsea finished eighth and twelfth. Leicester City, champions in 2015-16, were relegated, becoming the second league-winning club since 1992 to be relegated after Blackburn Rovers.
In 2022, the Premier League announced a renewal of its broadcasting rights for the 2022-23 to 2024-25 seasons without a tender process. This decision was made due to the exceptional circumstances surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in the continuation of the existing broadcasting arrangements established in the 2019-20 season. Notably, BT Sport was renamed TNT Sports prior to the 2023-24 season.
The 2022-23 Premier League season witnessed record-breaking attendance figures. The total attendance exceeded 15 million spectators, marking a competition record. The average attendance reached a new high of over 40,235, surpassing the previous record set in the 2021-22 season (39,989). This record-breaking average attendance also broke a record that had stood for over 70 years, set in the 1948-49 season.
The Premier League is projected to earn $7.2 billion in overseas TV rights from 2022 to 2025.
With the exception of the 2022-2023 season, at least one newly promoted Premier League team has been relegated back to the Football League in every season.
In 2022, FuboTV secured the exclusive Canadian media rights to the Premier League, taking over from the previous joint ownership by Sportsnet and TSN, and more recently, DAZN.
As of December 14, 2023, UEFA coefficients for the top five European leagues were updated.
The 2023-24 Premier League season features 20 competing clubs: the top 17 from the previous season and three promoted from the Championship.
In the 2023-24 season, the Premier League had 13 representatives in the European Club Association, reflecting the league's strength and influence in European football.
As of the 2023-24 season, 61 stadiums have hosted Premier League football matches since the division's inception. All Premier League stadiums are now all-seater, a consequence of the Taylor Report's recommendations following the 1989 Hillsborough disaster, which advocated for the elimination of standing terraces. Premier League grounds have undergone ongoing enhancements in capacity and amenities, with some clubs relocating to newly constructed stadiums. The stadiums used for the 2023-24 season exhibit significant variations in capacity, ranging from the 74,031 capacity of Manchester United's Old Trafford to the 11,307 capacity of Bournemouth's Dean Court.
As of the 2023-24 season, 51 clubs have played in the Premier League since its inception.
Alison Brittain assumed the role of chair of the Premier League in early 2023.
Starting from the 2024-25 season, the UEFA Champions League will implement a format change, introducing an additional berth for the two best associations based on the previous season's ranking. This change allows for a maximum of six teams from a single association in the Champions League.
The Premier League's broadcasting rights will continue under the same terms as the 2022-23 season, reflecting the renewal decision made in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Premier League's domestic television rights deal will increase to £6.7 billion for the four seasons from 2025 to 2029.
The existing broadcasting agreements for the Premier League in continental Europe are set to expire in 2025.
NBC's current broadcasting agreement with the Premier League will conclude in 2028.
The Premier League's domestic television rights deal will increase to £6.7 billion for the four seasons from 2025 to 2029.