How education and upbringing influenced the life of Brian Wilson. A timeline of key moments.
Brian Wilson is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer, best known as the co-founder of the Beach Boys. He is celebrated for his innovative approach to pop composition, musical talent, and mastery of recording. Wilson's work is characterized by high production values, complex harmonies, layered vocals, and introspective themes. His vocal range and struggles with mental illness are also notable aspects of his life and career.
On June 20, 1942, Brian Douglas Wilson was born in Inglewood, California, the first child of Audree Neva and Murry Wilson.
Around 1943, at about age two, Brian Wilson heard Glenn Miller's rendition of Gershwin's "Rhapsody in Blue", which had a profound emotional impact on him.
In 1944, Brian Wilson's younger brother, Dennis Wilson, was born.
In 1946, Brian Wilson's younger brother, Carl Wilson, was born.
In 1954, Brian Wilson felt compelled to learn and sing repeatedly Bill Haley's recording of "Rock Around the Clock".
In 1961, Wilson was influenced by the Everly Brothers' "Devoted to You" (1958) and the Robins' "Smokey Joe's Cafe" (1955) later in his career.
In 1956, the Four Freshmen's album "Freshmen Favorites" was the first pop album that Brian Wilson listened to in its entirety.
In 1958, Brian Wilson cited the Four Freshmen's album "Voices in Love" as "probably the greatest single vocal album I've ever heard".
In 1961, Wilson was influenced by the Everly Brothers' "Devoted to You" (1958) and the Robins' "Smokey Joe's Cafe" (1955) later in his career.
In October 1959, Brian Wilson submitted an essay for his Senior Problems course, titled "My Philosophy", stating his ambition to "make a name for myself [...] in music."
In September 1960, Brian Wilson enrolled as a psychology major at El Camino College, also pursuing music.
In 1961, Wilson was influenced by the Olympics' "Hully Gully" (1960) and the Shirelles' "Mama Said" (1961) later in his career.
Around 1961, Brian Wilson's obsession with The Four Freshmen was reduced, as he became influenced by other bands and artists.
In 1961, Brian Wilson met Judy Bowles, his first serious relationship.
In 1961, Wilson mentioned that he enjoyed the top 10 hits of the era, including songs by Chuck Berry, the Coasters, and the Everly Brothers.
In August 1962, Brian Wilson met Marilyn Rovell, who later inspired the song "All Summer Long" (1964).
In 1962, Brian Wilson read the book 'A Toehold on Zen', influencing his views on spirituality and its connection to music. He would later refer to it in 1988.
In 1963, Brian Wilson heard the Ronettes' "Be My Baby" for the first time and deemed it the greatest record he had ever heard.
In December 1964, Brian Wilson married Marilyn Rovell.
In December 1964, Brian Wilson's Houston flight incident led him to realize he could manipulate others through displays of "craziness."
According to Wilson, after his first nervous breakdown in 1964, he endeavored to "take the things I learned from Phil Spector" and maximize his instrumental palette.
After Spector's "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'" (1964) became a hit for the Righteous Brothers, Wilson personally phoned Spector's co-writers, Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil, to praise it as the "greatest record ever".
During 1964, Wilson was deeply affected by the Beatles' cultural influence and stature.
For most of 1963 and 1964, Brian Wilson made the Rovell family home his primary residence.
In 1964, Brian Wilson had a nervous breakdown and resigned from regular concert touring to concentrate on songwriting and production.
In 1964, Brian Wilson's song "All Summer Long" referenced his first meeting with Marilyn Rovell in August 1962.
In 1964, The Crystals' "He's a Rebel", produced by Phil Spector, reportedly had a strong impact on Brian Wilson.
In 1964, the pressures of Brian Wilson's career and personal life led him to a psychological breaking point. He grew resentful of being identified with surf and car songs and expressed a desire to create music that explored broader themes of teenage life. On December 7, 1964, in an effort to find emotional stability, Wilson impulsively married Marilyn Rovell.
In the autumn of 1964, Brian Wilson moved to a one-bedroom apartment in Hollywood, distancing himself socially from the other Beach Boys and gaining independence. This allowed him to form a new social circle through industry connections.
Wilson was also influenced by Disney film soundtracks such as Mary Poppins (1964).
On December 23, 1964 Wilson experienced a breakdown on a flight to Houston, leading to his replacement by Glen Campbell for the rest of the tour. In January 1965, Wilson declared to his bandmates that he would be withdrawing from future tours, attributing his decision to jealousy towards Phil Spector and The Beatles.
In December 1965, Brian Wilson partnered with Tony Asher to write songs for The Beach Boys' album, Pet Sounds. Asher was a jingle writer, and Wilson offered him to be his writing partner.
Early in 1965, shortly after moving to a new apartment, Wilson took LSD for the first time under supervision. The experience profoundly affected him and inspired the riff for "California Girls." However, for the remainder of 1965, he experienced paranoia attributed to his LSD consumption.
In 1965, Brian Wilson wrote "Don't Hurt My Little Sister" about his early relationship with Marilyn, inspired by a remark from her older sister Diane.
In 1965, Brian Wilson's hallucinations began shortly after his first experience with psychedelics; he later crashed his car into a 7-Up machine.
In 1965, Marilyn separated from Wilson due to his relationship with Schwartz and drug use. They soon reconciled and moved into a new home on Laurel Way in Beverly Hills, which became a hub for visitors.
In 1965, Wilson demonstrated musical growth with albums like 'The Beach Boys Today!' and 'Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!)'. Glen Campbell, who had replaced Wilson on tour in December of 1964, continued touring with the band until February. Following Campbell's departure in February, Bruce Johnston was recruited as Wilson's substitute on tour.
In 1965, Wilson described having a "very religious experience" after taking LSD, saying he learned about patience and understanding.
In 1965, Wilson formed a close friendship with Loren Schwartz, who introduced him to literature, mystical topics, and marijuana and hashish. Wilson's drug use strained his marriage and influenced his songwriting, starting with "Please Let Me Wonder".
In mid-1965, Brian Wilson played a single piano note for someone at Studio B, describing it as a sound he heard while on LSD, marking the point when his inner circle realized he was in trouble.
Since 1965, Brian Wilson has experienced auditory hallucinations and was diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder and mild bipolar disorder.
In March 1966, Brian Wilson released "Caroline, No" as his first solo record, which led to speculation about him leaving the band. Despite this, Wilson stated it was temporary, but it only reached number 32 in the charts.
From January to April 1966, Brian Wilson produced most of the Pet Sounds album at four Hollywood studios, using his bandmates for vocals and session musicians for the backing tracks.
In May 1966, Pet Sounds, which he collaborated with Tony Asher, was released to the public. It included tracks he called "the most satisfying piece of music" and an autobiographical song "about a guy who was crying because he thought he was too advanced".
Around November 1966, Brian Wilson's mental condition worsened, marked by the recording of "Mrs. O'Leary's Cow". This period is considered the beginning of the unraveling of the Smile project and the onset of his erratic behavior.
By 1966, Brian Wilson used "pills" for introspection, viewing psychedelic usage as benign.
In 1966, Brian Wilson expressed his belief that all music "starts with religion" and recognized a "higher being who is better than we are", while not being traditionally religious.
In 1966, Brian Wilson focused on completing "Good Vibrations", which became a number-one hit in December, and new songs with Van Dyke Parks for the Smile album. The Smile album was intended to be a "teenage symphony to God", but Wilson involved more people in the process, leading to creative conflicts and challenges.
In 1966, Brian Wilson stated that Burt Bacharach and Hal David were more like him and the best pop team.
In 1966, following an interview with Brian Wilson, David Oppenheim recalled, "we tried to talk with him but didn't get much out of him. Some guy said 'He's not verbal.'"
In a 1966 article, Brian Wilson referred to Phil Spector as "the single most influential producer."
In a 1966 interview, Brian Wilson commented on how the Beatles' invasion shook him up.
In April 1967, Brian Wilson and his wife sold their Laurel Way home and moved to a mansion in Bel Air. Wilson also began constructing a personal home studio. Most of his new contacts had disassociated or were exiled from his social circle by this point.
In September 1967, starting with the album Smiley Smile, The Beach Boys made Brian Wilson's home their primary base of recording operations. The album was the first to credit production to the entire group instead of Wilson alone, due to his self-consciousness about his reputation.
Around 1966 or 1967, Brian Wilson consumed LSD for a second time.
In 1966, Brian Wilson started working on the Smile album, which was never finished. In 1967, television producer David Oppenheim characterized Wilson's home as a "playpen of irresponsible people" while filming the documentary Inside Pop: The Rock Revolution.
The album Friends was recorded in June 1968 during a period of emotional recovery for Brian Wilson. He led the studio sessions and later referred to it as his second "solo album" and his favorite Beach Boys album.
Brian Wilson had been trying to record the Smile album for six months, but in May 1967, it was announced that the album had been scrapped. In a 1968 interview, Brian Wilson said that he "was about ready to die" and "decided not to try anymore." The commercial response to "Heroes and Villains" led to his psychological decline.
By 1968, Brian Wilson had equated religion and meditation through his promotion of Transcendental Meditation (TM), though he ultimately abandoned TM.
In 1968, Brian Wilson was hospitalized and prescribed Thorazine for severe anxiety; he also possibly received talking therapies, lithium, and electroconvulsive therapy.
In 1968, Brian Wilson's daughter Carnie was born.
In 1968, Brian Wilson's songwriting output declined, and his emotional state worsened, leading him to self-medicate with excessive food, alcohol, and drugs. He began using cocaine and expressed suicidal wishes, marking a significant decline.
In mid-1968, Brian Wilson was admitted to a psychiatric hospital, and sessions for 20/20 continued without him. After being discharged, Wilson rarely finished tracks for the band, leaving much of the work to Carl Wilson.
Sessions for 20/20 continued in Brian Wilson's absence in February 1969, as he was dealing with undisclosed issues.
From 1969 to 1970, Brian Wilson began having an affair with Debbie Keil, who worked for the Beach Boys.
In 1969, Brian Wilson's daughter Wendy was born.
Wendy Carlos' 1969 album Switched-On Bach, influenced Wilson's use of synthesizers.
From 1969 to 1970, Brian Wilson continued having an affair with Debbie Keil, who worked for the Beach Boys.
In a 1970 interview, Brian Wilson cited "Don't Worry Baby" as "Probably the best record we've done".
Brian Chidester coined "Bedroom Tapes" as a loose umbrella term for Brian Wilson's subsequent unreleased output until 1975, despite the fact that his home studio was dismantled in 1972.
Starting with Smiley Smile in September 1967, the Beach Boys made Brian Wilson's home their primary base of recording operations until 1972.
Following his father Murry Wilson's death in June 1973, Brian Wilson secluded himself in the chauffeur's quarters of his home, engaging in self-destructive behaviors, including drug and alcohol abuse, overeating, and rarely venturing outside.
Brian Chidester coined "Bedroom Tapes" for Brian Wilson's unreleased output until 1975. However, Wilson's home studio was dismantled in 1972.
In 1975, Brian Wilson's health declined due to substance abuse and overeating, leading to interventions by his family and management. He volunteered into psychologist Eugene Landy's radical 24-hour therapy program in October.
In 1976, Wilson mentioned Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody" (1975) as one exception to the lack of artistic integrity in contemporary popular music.
At the end of 1976, Brian Wilson's family and management relieved Eugene Landy of his services due to increased fees. Wilson's cousins and a friend took over his care, and he maintained a healthy disposition for several months.
In 1976, Brian Wilson stated that he still believed, as he did in the 1960s, that the coming of "the great Messiah [...] came in the form of drugs" while acknowledging that his own drug experiences "really didn't work out so well, so positively".
In 1976, Landy refuted the diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia, suggesting Brian Wilson's primary issue was "being scared".
In 1976, Wilson commented that he felt contemporary popular music had lacked the artistic integrity it once had.
In 1977, Brian Wilson wrote the song "The Night Was So Young" inspired by Debbie Keil's frequent visitations to his household.
In 1977, Brian Wilson's daughter Carnie inspired his song "Roller Skating Child".
In July 1978, Brian Wilson and Marilyn separated.
In November 1978, Brian Wilson was institutionalized at Brotzman Memorial Hospital following an incident where he attacked his doctor. He spent three months in the hospital, was discharged for one month, and then readmitted.
In 1978, Brian Wilson was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis while at Brotzman Memorial Hospital.
In 1978, Brian Wilson wrote the song "My Diane" about an affair he had with his wife's sister.
In 1978, following a disastrous tour of Australia, Brian Wilson overdosed on a combination of drugs and disappeared from his family. He hitchhiked, played piano at a gay bar, traveled to Mexico, and was eventually found by police in Balboa Park before being hospitalized for alcohol poisoning.
In January 1979, Brian Wilson filed for divorce from Marilyn.
In January 1979, while Brian Wilson was institutionalized at Brotzman Memorial Hospital, Stan Love and Rocky Pamplin were dismissed of their services.
In 1981, Brian Wilson maintained a relationship with Debbie Keil after his separation with Marilyn.
In early 1981, Pamplin and Stan Love were convicted of assaulting Dennis Wilson after hearing that he had been supplying Brian Wilson with drugs.
In 1982, after overdosing, Brian Wilson's family and management orchestrated a ruse to convince him to volunteer back into Dr. Landy's program. Wilson was falsely told he was penniless and no longer a member of the Beach Boys unless he re-enlisted Landy.
In a 1988 interview, he named the 1982 compilation Stevie Wonder's Original Musiquarium I among his ten favorite albums of all time.
In early 1982, Brian Wilson signed a trust document giving Carl Wilson control of his finances. Brian was also involuntarily admitted to St. John's Hospital in Santa Monica for three days. By this time, Brian's diet and weight had become extremely unhealthy.
In January 1983, Brian Wilson's relationship with his nurse, Carolyn Williams, ended.
In March 1983, Brian Wilson returned to Los Angeles and was moved by Dr. Landy into a home in Malibu. He lived with Landy's aides and was cut off from many of his friends and family, including his children and ex-wife.
In 1983, Dr. Landy charged about $430,000 annually (equivalent to $1.32 million in 2023) for his services to Brian Wilson, and Landy's influence extended to being Wilson's creative and financial partner.
In 1984, doctors misdiagnosed Brian Wilson with schizophrenia again and found evidence of brain damage due to excessive drug use.
In mid-1985, Brian Wilson allegedly attempted suicide by swimming out to sea before being brought back to shore by one of Dr. Landy's aides.
In 1986, Brian Wilson initially dated Melinda Kae Ledbetter.
In 1986, Dr. Landy charged about $430,000 annually (equivalent to $1.32 million in 2023) for his services to Brian Wilson, and Landy's influence extended to being Wilson's creative and financial partner.
In 1986, Gaines' biography of the Beach Boys highlighted the difficulty Wilson's family and associates faced in determining genuine mental health issues from potential manipulative behavior.
In a 1988 interview, he named the 1986 release Paul Simon's Graceland among his ten favorite albums of all time.
In 1988, Brian Wilson was asked if his music was religiously influenced, he referred to the 1962 book A Toehold on Zen, explaining that he believed that he possessed what is called a "toehold", meaning that having "a good grasp" on one aspect of life can translate to others.
In 1988, Brian Wilson's daughters Carnie and Wendy inspired his song "Little Children".
In 1988, journalist Verlyn Klinkenborg observed that while Brian Wilson was known for being brutally honest, what he believes to be true depends on his mood at the time and could vary dramatically if inquired on another occasion.
In a 1988 interview, he named the 1982 compilation Stevie Wonder's Original Musiquarium I and the 1986 release Paul Simon's Graceland among his ten favorite albums of all time.
In August 1989, Brian Wilson filed a $100 million suit against Irving Music to recover song publishing rights sold by his father.
In late 1989, Brian Wilson and Melinda Kae Ledbetter ended their initial relationship.
In 1990, Brian Wilson attributed his development of "a Jesus Christ complex" in the mid-1960s to LSD.
In 1990, Brian Wilson's cousin Stan Love sued Wilson, attempting to gain conservatorship, citing Wilson's mental health issues. The court ultimately ruled against Love.
In May 1991, a conservatorship suit was filed by Brian Wilson's family, leading to the dissolution of his partnership with Dr. Landy in December.
In October 1991, Brian Wilson's memoir, Wouldn't It Be Nice: My Own Story, was published, prompting defamation lawsuits from bandmates and family.
Brian Wilson's 1991 memoir reflected on the Houston flight incident from December 1964 and the realization that he could control others.
In 1991, Brian Wilson and Melinda Kae Ledbetter reconnected.
In 1991, Brian Wilson disassociated from his psychologist, Eugene Landy.
In his 1991 memoir, Brian Wilson recalls writing his first song for a 4th grade school project concerning Paul Bunyan.
In April 1992, Brian Wilson was awarded $10 million through an out-of-court settlement with Irving Music, although he failed to recover the song publishing rights.
In May 1992, one month after being awarded $10 million from his Irving Almo lawsuit, Brian Wilson was sued by Mike Love for decades-long neglected royalties and songwriting credits.
In December 1994, the jury ruled in favor of Mike Love in his lawsuit against Brian Wilson, awarding Love $5 million and a share of future royalties.
On February 6, 1995, Brian Wilson married Melinda Kae Ledbetter.
In September 1995, Brian Wilson filed a lawsuit against his former conservator, Jerome Billet, seeking $10 million for alleged failure to supervise the lawyers overseeing the suits between Wilson, Irving Music, and Love.
In 1995, Brian Wilson linked abstinence to his ability to function, calling it an "Einsteinian formula" that "create[s] a void in your brain".
In 1995, Wilson reflects on the song Caroline, No as 'probably the best I've ever written'.
In 1997, Brian Wilson moved to St. Charles, Illinois, to work on a solo album project with Joe Thomas.
In June 1998, Brian Wilson's third album, Imagination, was released, receiving criticism for its sound. Shortly before the album's release, he suffered the loss of his brother Carl and their mother Audree.
In August 1999, Brian Wilson filed suit against Joe Thomas, seeking damages and freedom to work on his next album without Thomas's involvement. Thomas reciprocated with his own suit. The case was settled out of court.
After 1999, Melinda Kae Ledbetter was Brian Wilson's manager.
In 1999, when asked for his religious beliefs, Brian Wilson responded: "I believe in Phil Spector".
In a 1999 interview, Brian Wilson compared his harsher, raspier voice to that of Bob Dylan.
In 2000, Brian Wilson reaffirmed that Phil Spector was "probably the biggest influence of all".
In 2000, Edgers wrote that "no writer will ever understand Brian Wilson", highlighting his often "clipped and conflicting" responses, adding that he "generally makes it clear to interviewers that he would rather be somewhere else — and that's when he's feeling good."
In a 2000 interview, Brian Wilson stated that his deafness had been present at birth and unrelated to his father's physical abuse, conflicting with other accounts.
In 2002, Brian Wilson lamented that his successful treatment had inhibited his creativity and songwriting.
In a 2002 interview, Brian Wilson expressed love for Landy and stated that Landy "saved me."
In a 2002 interview, Wilson stated that each new Beatles release, particularly over 1964–65, pushed him "to try something new" in his work.
In 2004, Brian Wilson stated that his favorite book was "the Bible", and when questioned if he believed in life after death, Wilson replied "I don't".
In 2004, Ledbetter claimed that Brian Wilson had only taken LSD thrice in his life.
In September 2005, Brian Wilson arranged a charity drive to aid victims of Hurricane Katrina, offering a personal phone call from him to those who donated $100 or more.
In a 2005 interview, Brian Wilson discussed that he began composing original music in 1955 when he was 12.
In 2007, Brian Wilson cited Billy Joel as his favorite pianist.
In a 2007 interview, Brian Wilson was asked about "good movies" he had watched recently and named Norbit. When asked his all-time favorite movie, he again answered Norbit.
In 2011, Brian Wilson responded to a question about drawing inspiration from modern politics by saying, "Politics goes in one ear and out the other. I don't even know the president's name for sure."
In 2011, Brian Wilson said that while he had spiritual beliefs, he did not follow any particular religion.
By 2012, Brian Wilson had six grandchildren, two daughters of Carnie and four sons of Wendy.
Linda Ronstadt's 2013 memoir Simple Dreams suggests she briefly dated Brian Wilson in the 1970s.
In September 2014, Brian Wilson attended the premiere of Love & Mercy, a biopic about his life, at the Toronto International Film Festival.
As of 2015, Brian Wilson maintained that he does not listen to modern music, only "oldies but goodies".
In 2015, Salon's Peter Gilstrap wrote that Brian Wilson had been known to end interviews abruptly, though the author concluded that his actions were not "due to a bad attitude.".
Brian Wilson's 2016 memoir stated that he abstained from consuming LSD for a second time until he was 23, around 1966 or 1967.
Brian Wilson's 2016 memoir states that he met Phil Spector only a few days after hearing "Be My Baby".
In 2016, Brian Wilson's memoir was published, characterizing his father as "violent" and "cruel", but also suggesting some narratives about the mistreatment had been overstated.
In his 2016 memoir, Brian Wilson repeated his mother's claim that he was hit in the ear as a child, causing his deafness.
On January 30, 2024, Melinda Ledbetter, Brian Wilson's wife, passed away at their home.
In May 2024, it was announced that Brian Wilson entered into another conservatorship after it was revealed that he had dementia.