McDonald's is an American multinational fast food chain established in 1940 by Richard and Maurice McDonald in San Bernardino, California. Initially a hamburger stand, it transitioned into a franchise model. The iconic Golden Arches were introduced in 1953. Ray Kroc joined in 1955 and later bought out the McDonald brothers in 1961. Previously headquartered in Oak Brook, Illinois, the company moved to Chicago in 2018. McDonald's also operates as a real estate company, owning a significant portion of its restaurant buildings and land.
On May 15, 1940, siblings Richard and Maurice McDonald opened the first McDonald's restaurant in San Bernardino, California. This marked the beginning of what would become a global fast-food empire.
In 1940, Richard and Maurice McDonald founded McDonald's as a restaurant in San Bernardino, California. The brothers initially operated a restaurant before rechristening their business as a hamburger stand.
In 1948, the McDonald brothers introduced the "Speedee Service System," a pioneering approach to fast-food preparation. This system streamlined operations and set the standard for modern fast-food restaurants.
In 1953, the Golden Arches logo was introduced at a McDonald's location in Phoenix, Arizona. This marked a significant step in the company's branding and visual identity.
On April 15, 1955, Ray Kroc opened his first franchised McDonald's restaurant, marking a pivotal moment in the company's expansion. This location was the ninth McDonald's restaurant overall.
In 1955, Ray Kroc, a businessman, joined McDonald's as a franchise agent. This partnership would eventually lead to Kroc taking control of the company and driving its expansion.
On May 4, 1961, McDonald's first filed for a U.S. trademark on the name "McDonald's" with the description "Drive-In Restaurant Services".
In 1961, Ray Kroc bought out the McDonald brothers, gaining full control of the company. This acquisition paved the way for McDonald's to become a global fast-food empire.
In 1961, Ray Kroc purchased the McDonald brothers' equity in the company for $2.7 million, gaining full control and setting the stage for worldwide expansion.
In 1962, the Golden Arches officially replaced "Speedee" as the universal mascot for McDonald's. This branding change solidified the iconic imagery associated with the restaurant chain.
In 1963, Ronald McDonald, the clown mascot, was introduced to market the McDonald's chain to children. This marked the beginning of McDonald's focus on family-oriented marketing and branding.
On November 18, 1968, the company was granted a U.S. trademark for the present version of the "Golden Arches" logo. This solidified the iconic imagery associated with the restaurant chain.
In 2015, McDonald's closed down 184 restaurants in the United States, which was the first time McDonald's had a net decrease in the number of locations in the United States since 1970.
In 1971, the original San Bernardino McDonald's restaurant was torn down. This marked the end of an era for the founding location of the fast-food chain.
McDonald's moved into the Oak Brook facility from an office within the Chicago Loop in 1971.
In 1975, McDonald's introduced the Drive-Thru service in Sierra Vista, Arizona. This innovation allowed customers to order and pick up their food without leaving their vehicles.
When it opened in Hong Kong in 1975, McDonald's was the first restaurant to consistently offer clean restrooms, driving customers to demand the same of other restaurants and institutions.
In 1977, McDonald's entered the NASCAR Cup Series, sponsoring Richard Childress for one race.
In 1984, the ninth restaurant was destroyed and rebuilt.
Between 1977 and 1986, McDonald's sponsored only a handful of races in a season in NASCAR Cup Series.
In 1986, the first McDonald's Drive-Thru restaurant in Britain opened at Fallowfield, Manchester.
In 1987, the first PlayPlace with the familiar crawl-tube design with ball pits and slides was introduced in the US. Soon after, more were constructed.
In 1990, activists from London Greenpeace criticized McDonald's, leading to the "McLibel case," one of the longest cases in English civil law.
In 1992, basketball player Michael Jordan became the first celebrity to have a McDonald's value meal named after him. The "McJordan," a Quarter Pounder with pickles, raw onion slices, bacon, and barbecue sauce, was available at Chicago franchises.
In 1993, McDonald's became the full-time sponsor for the No. 27 Junior Johnson & Associates Ford, driven by Hut Stricklin.
In 1993, the McCafé concept was created by McDonald's Australia, starting with Melbourne. This concept aimed to add a café-style experience to McDonald's restaurants.
In 1994, Jimmy Spencer replaced Hut Stricklin in the No. 27 car and won twice that season for Junior Johnson & Associates sponsored by Mcdonald's.
In 1994, McDonald's attempted Hearth Express, a prototype specializing in homestyle takeout meals in Darien, Illinois. This experiment closed in only one year.
In 1994, McDonald's began banning smoking when it restricted customers from smoking within its 1,400 wholly owned restaurants.
In 1994, the Liebeck v. McDonald's Restaurants court case examined McDonald's practice of serving excessively hot coffee, resulting in a $2.86 million award for Stella Liebeck, later reduced to $640,000.
In 1995, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital received an anonymous letter postmarked in Dallas, Texas, containing a $1 million winning McDonald's Monopoly game piece.
In 1996, McDonald's New Zealand bought out the Georgie Pie fast food chain.
In 2014, its quarterly sales fell for the first time in seventeen years, when its sales dropped for the entirety of 1997.
In 1998, the site of the original San Bernardino McDonald's restaurant was sold to the Juan Pollo chain. The area now serves as headquarters for Juan Pollo and houses a McDonald's and Route 66 museum.
From 1999, McDonald's owned a small share of Aroma Café, before focusing on their core brand.
According to Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser (2001), nearly one in eight workers in the U.S. have at some time been employed by McDonald's.
In 2001, Eric Schlosser's book Fast Food Nation included criticism of McDonald's business practices, particularly concerning political influence and targeting advertisements to children.
Until 2001, McDonald's owned a small share of Aroma Café, before focusing on their core brand.
In 2002, vegetarian groups successfully sued McDonald's for misrepresenting its french fries as vegetarian, when they contained beef broth.
Until December 2003, McDonald's owned Donatos Pizza, before focusing on their core brand.
In 2003, LeBron James became a spokesman for McDonald's.
In 2004, McDonald's returned to NASCAR, joining Evernham Motorsports as a part-time sponsor for various drivers.
Morgan Spurlock's 2004 documentary film Super Size Me claimed that McDonald's food was contributing to the increase of obesity in society and that the company was failing to provide nutritional information. McDonald's responded by eliminating the super size option and creating the adult Happy Meal.
In October 2006, McDonald's fully divested from Chipotle Mexican Grill through a stock exchange, after owning a majority stake.
In 2006, McDonald's introduced its "Forever Young" brand, redesigning all of its restaurants with a warmer look, wooden tables, and muted colors. This was the first significant redesign since the 1970s.
In April 2007, in Perth, Western Australia, McDonald's pleaded guilty to five charges relating to the employment of children under 15 in one of its outlets and was fined A$8,000.
On August 27, 2007, McDonald's sold Boston Market to Sun Capital Partners, focusing on its core brand.
In May 2008, McDonald's announced that it had switched to using cooking oil that contains no trans fats for its french fries in the United States and Canada.
On September 8, 2009, McDonald's Malaysian operations lost a lawsuit to prevent another restaurant from calling itself McCurry. McDonald's lost in an appeal to Malaysia's highest court, the Federal Court.
According to the Australian McHappy Day website, McHappy Day raised $20.4 million in 2009.
In 2010, McDonald's Continues Sponorship with Evernham Motorsports.
In 2010, McDonald's began its longest partnership with a team at Chip Ganassi Racing, sponsoring the No. 1 Chevrolet driven by Jamie McMurray.
In 2010, McDonald's recalled 12 million of its promotional Shrek-themed drinking glasses due to traces of cadmium in the paint of the glass.
In 2010, the goal for Australian McHappy Day was $20.8 million.
In October 2012, McDonald's monthly sales fell for the first time in nine years.
In 2012, McDonald's pledged to phase out pork from facilities that use gestation crates.
In 2012, a Keep Australia Beautiful study found that McDonald's was the most littered brand in Queensland.
A study by Anzalone Liszt Grove Research released in April 2013, revealed that approximately 84% of fast food employees in New York City had been paid less than their legal wages by their employers.
On August 5, 2013, The Guardian reported that 90% of McDonald's UK workforce were on zero-hour contracts, making the company possibly the largest private sector employer with such contracts in the country.
In November 2013, controversy arose after the Rucka Rucka Ali song "Only 17" was accidentally played uncensored over the speakers at a McDonald's restaurant in Wales. Subsequently, McDonald's issued an apology to the offended customers.
In December 2013, McDonald's shut down the McResource website, which had advised employees on financial and life issues, amidst negative publicity and criticism.
In 2013, the University of Oxford estimated that in the succeeding decades, there was a 92% probability of food preparation and serving becoming automated in fast food establishments.
McDonald's stated it would open vegetarian-only restaurants in India by mid-2013.
In March 2014, the unique "Sprite 6 Mix by LeBron James" flavor of Sprite, featuring lemon-lime, orange, and cherry flavors, debuted just before the NBA playoffs.
McDonald's suspended operations in its corporate-owned stores in Crimea after Russia annexed the region in August 2014.
On August 23, 2014, Russian Deputy Prime Minister Arkady Dvorkovich ruled out any government move to ban McDonald's and dismissed the notion that the temporary closures had anything to do with the sanctions.
By September 2014, McDonald's responded to criticism and announced they would strive to eliminate caged eggs by 2017.
In 2014, McDonald's made the final annual $50,000 annuity payment to St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, completing the 20-year period.
In 2014, McDonald's quarterly sales fell for the first time in seventeen years.
On January 28, 2015, Don Thompson stepped down as CEO of McDonald's, being succeeded by Steve Easterbrook.
On March 1, 2015, Steve Easterbrook became CEO of McDonald's, succeeding Don Thompson.
In March 2015, McDonald's workers in 19 U.S. cities filed 28 health and safety complaints with the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, alleging injuries due to low staffing, lack of protective gear, poor training, and pressure to work fast.
As of July 2015, Switzerland had the most expensive Big Mac in the world, according to The Economist's "Big Mac Index".
At its investor conference on November 10, 2015, McDonald's announced that it would not spin off its U.S. holdings into a real estate investment trust, as CEO Steve Easterbrook considered the risk to the business model too large.
In December 2015, the first McDonald's Next, using open-concept design and offering "Create Your Taste" digital ordering, opened in Hong Kong.
In 2015, McDonald's CEO Steve Easterbrook had a base salary of $1.3 million and received $15.4 million in total compensation.
In 2015, McDonald's began offering a partial breakfast menu during all hours its restaurants were open, after limited trials on a regional basis in the United States.
In 2015, McDonald's closed down 184 restaurants in the United States, marking the first net decrease in US locations since 1970.
In 2015, McDonald's pledged to stop using eggs from battery cage facilities by 2025 for all American restaurants.
In 2015, Steve Easterbrook became CEO of McDonald's and began streamlining the menu and introducing healthier options. This shift marked a change in the company's approach to menu offerings and ingredients.
In early 2015, McDonald's introduced the more flexible burger service and restaurant concept "Create Your Taste" (CYT) for the first time in Australia. Later expanded to China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Arabia, and New Zealand.
On June 13, 2016, McDonald's confirmed plans to move its global headquarters to Chicago's West Loop neighborhood in the Near West Side.
In November 2016, "Create Your Taste" was replaced by a "Signature Crafted Recipes" program designed to be more efficient and less expensive.
On December 29, 2016, McDonald's Malaysia issued a statement that said only certified halal cakes are allowed inside its restaurants nationwide.
By 2016, McDonald's "Create Your Taste" electronic kiosks were seen in some restaurants internationally where customers could custom order meals.
In April 2017, Irish fast-food chain Supermac's submitted a request to the European Union Property Office to cancel McDonald's owned trademarks within the European Union, claiming that McDonald's engaged in "trademark bullying".
In April 2017, following employee strikes, McDonald's UK gave all employees the option of fixed contracts instead of zero-hour contracts.
In September 2017, two British McDonald's stores agreed to a strike over zero-hours contracts for staff, with picket lines formed around the stores in Crayford and Cambridge, and the strike was supported by then Leader of the Opposition Jeremy Corbyn.
By September 2014, McDonald's announced they would strive to eliminate caged eggs by 2017.
In 2017, LeBron James ended his tenure as a spokesman for McDonald's.
In 2017, McDonald's began its on-demand delivery concept with a partnership with Uber Eats.
In 2017, McDonald's began offering a partial breakfast menu during all hours its restaurants were open, after limited trials on a regional basis in Canada.
In 2017, McDonald's launched an app in the United States that allows customers to skip the ordering line inside or drive through and order online.
By January 2018, McDonald's announced they had succeeded in meeting their goal of eliminating caged eggs.
McDonald's new 608,000-square-foot global headquarters opened in Chicago on June 4, 2018, built on the former site of Harpo Productions.
In September 2018, McDonald's USA announced they no longer use artificial preservatives, flavors, and colors in seven classic burgers sold in the U.S.. This marked a significant step towards healthier ingredients.
As of the end of 2018, McDonald's had restaurants in 120 countries and territories, served 68 million customers daily, and employed more than 210,000 people across 37,855 restaurants worldwide.
By the end of 2018, Mcdonald's was using canola-based oil with corn and soy oils for its baked items, pies, and cookies.
In 2018, McDonald's was the world's second-largest private employer with 1.7 million employees, surpassed only by Walmart. This highlights McDonald's significant global workforce.
In September 2019, McDonald's purchased an AI-based start-up, Apprente, to replace human servers with voice-based technology in its US drive-throughs.
In November 2019, McDonald's board of directors voted to remove Steve Easterbrook as CEO due to a violation of corporate policies on personal conduct, and he was replaced by Chris Kempczinski.
In 2019, Jenna Ries, a McDonald's employee, sued the restaurant chain over allowing sexual harassment in the workplace, describing the environment as "toxic."
In 2019, McDonald's added DoorDash as a delivery partner.
In 2019, McDonald's had a one-race partnership with Richard Petty Motorsports' No. 43 Chevrolet driven by Bubba Wallace.
In 2019, the $100 billion in sales generated by McDonald's company-owned and franchise restaurants accounted for almost 4% of the estimated $2.5 trillion global restaurant industry.
In 2019, the Bakers, Food and Allied Workers Union reported over 1,000 cases of harassment involving female employees at McDonald's, signaling earlier concerns regarding workplace conditions.
In July 2020, McDonald's reported a 68% fall in earnings for the year's second quarter due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This was largely due to closed seating and play areas in its United States restaurants.
In September 2020, McDonald's partnered with rapper Travis Scott to release the "Travis Scott Meal," a Quarter Pounder with cheese, bacon, lettuce, pickles, ketchup, and mustard; medium fries with barbecue sauce; and a Sprite, nationwide. Scott also designed new uniforms and released Cactus Jack merchandise.
In November 2020, McDonald's announced McPlant, a plant-based burger, along with plans to develop additional meat alternative menu items. This announcement marked McDonald's entry into the plant-based food market.
In 2020, All-day breakfast was phased out from menus at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.
In 2020, LeBron James' endorsement deal with Coca-Cola and Sprite ended.
In 2020, McDonald's sponsored CGR's No. 42 of Kyle Larson until his suspension and also had a one-race partnership with Richard Petty Motorsports' No. 43 Chevrolet driven by Bubba Wallace.
In New Zealand, McDonald's sold meat pies until 2020 after local affiliate McDonald's New Zealand partially relaunched the Georgie Pie fast food chain it bought out in 1996.
As of 2021, McDonald's operates over 40,000 outlets in over 100 countries, serving over 69 million customers daily. This showcases the vast scale and reach of the McDonald's franchise.
In 2021, Animal Rising blockaded four UK McDonald's distribution centers using bamboo towers, leading to food shortages at restaurants due to concerns about "suffering of animals" in the McDonald's supply chain.
In 2021, LeBron James launched a new partnership with Pepsi and Mountain Dew.
In 2021, McDonald's added Grubhub for delivery in select locations.
In 2021, McDonald's continued working with the No. 42 under new driver Ross Chastain and also joined Wallace's new team 23XI Racing as a "founding partner".
In 2021, McDonald's cut value meals and cheaper items from its menu as part of a focus on higher-priced items.
In 2021, McDonald's partnered with Korean boy group BTS to release the "BTS Meal" in 50 countries, starting on May 26 in select countries. The meal included a 10-piece Chicken McNuggets, medium fries, medium Coke, and two new spicy dipping sauces.
In 2021, it emerged that at least 50 employees had filed charges against McDonald's chains regarding harassment in the workplace in five years, leading to the company instituting anti-harassment training.
On May 16, 2022, McDonald's announced the permanent closure and sale of its 850 stores in Russia after 32 years in the Soviet market. The company plans to "de-Arch" its Russian business, retaining trademarks but disallowing the use of the McDonald's name, logo, or menu. McDonald's also committed to paying its 60,000 Russian employees until the sale was finalized.
On June 10, 2022, the buyer of the Russian McDonald's announced a new logo featuring a circle and two lines representing a burger and french fries. The rebranded business was named Vkusno i tochka, roughly translated to "Tasty – Period."
In July 2022, McDonald's reached an agreement with the French judicial authorities to end criminal proceedings for tax fraud.
In August 2022, McDonald's announced significant changes to its board, including the retirement of Sheila Penrose and the addition of Anthony Capuano, Jennifer Taubert, and Amy Weaver.
On November 11, 2022, McDonald's in Belarus announced that all 25 stores in 6 cities would rebrand and operate as Vkusno i tochka "in several weeks".
In November 2022, McDonald's suspended operations in Kazakhstan due to supply issues related to minced meat from Russia.
In late 2022, McDonald's announced the addition of the Double McPlant at all restaurants in the United Kingdom and Ireland starting January 4, due to the success of the McPlant.
The northernmost McDonald's restaurant in the world used to be located in Rovaniemi, Finland until the restaurant in Murmansk, Russia was closed in 2022.
In July 2023, McDonald's announced it was working towards a new fast-food brand called CosMc's that would be tested at ten sites.
In July 2023, a BBC investigation highlighted racism, homophobia, ableism, and harassment issues at McDonald's UK, leading to increased scrutiny and awareness of the problems.
In August 2023, the McDonald's restaurants in Kazakhstan, after being transferred to Food Solutions KZ, were renamed "We are open" (Біз ашықпыз), in honor of the best employees.
In November 2023, the final rebranding of the McDonald's network in Kazakhstan was carried out, with the new name being I'M, using a heart sign instead of a dot over the I.
In December 2023, the first CosMc's location was opened in Bolingbrook, Illinois.
The ten largest shareholders of McDonald's on December 30, 2023, were:
Amidst the 2023 Israel-Hamas war, McDonald's in Israel faced condemnation for providing free meals to the Israel Defense Forces. The hashtag #BoycottMcDonalds gained traction, and protests occurred outside restaurants in Lebanon and Egypt. McDonald's in other countries distanced themselves from the Israeli brand.
In 2023, an investigation by the United States Department of Labor found child labor violations at McDonald's franchises in Kentucky, involving over 300 children, including two 10-year-olds, and resulting in $212,000 in fines.
In 2023, the BBC conducted an investigation and reported that more than 100 current and recent UK workers at McDonald's outlets allege there is a continuing toxic culture of sexual assault, harassment, racism, and bullying.
In 2023, the EUIPO Board of Appeal partially annulled their decision on McDonald's trademarks after McDonald's filed additional evidence.
In 2023, the equivalent amount was approximately $5.33 million for the original award of $2.86 million and approximately $1.2 million for the reduced award amount of $640,000 from the 1994 Liebeck v. McDonald's Restaurants court case.
In early 2023, McDonald's opened its first largely automated restaurant in Fort Worth, Texas. The restaurant de-emphasizes human contact when ordering.
From January 2024 this will change again as McDonald's is opening a new restaurant in Tromsø, Norway, making it the northernmost location.
In January 2024, McDonald's CEO Chris Kempczinski acknowledged the business impact from boycotts due to the war and misinformation. As a result, McDonald's bought all 225 Israeli franchise-owned restaurants.
McDonald's met their goal nearly two years ahead of schedule, announcing the successful elimination of caged eggs in February 2024.
On September 4, 2024, McDonald's introduced millet-based buns in India in partnership with the Central Food Technological Research Institute. This new bun formulation includes a blend of major and minor millets, enhancing its nutritional profile with more calcium, iron, and protein.
In October 2024, an E. coli outbreak occurred associated with contaminated Quarter Pounder burgers from McDonald's. As of October 30, one person died, 27 were hospitalized, and 90 were sickened across 13 US states.
As of December 2024, the board of directors had the following members:
By the end of 2024, the company is working to open nine CosMc's restaurants in Texas as a test.
In 2024, select McDonald's in the UK were testing vegan ice cream called Choco Scoop and Strawberry Scoop and receiving positive reviews.
In 2024, the European Court of Justice ruled that McDonald's had failed to prove the use of the Big Mac trademark in relation to chicken products, meaning Supermac's and other businesses are now free to use the "Mac" in their business names and in names for poultry products in Europe.
In January 2025, McDonald's UK faced lawsuits from over 700 young workers alleging widespread harassment and discrimination, with claims handled by Leigh Day and spanning over 450 restaurants.
In 2015, McDonald's pledged to stop using eggs from battery cage facilities by 2025 for all American restaurants.