Full History Of Moscow In Timeline From 1902

1902: Savyolovsky Rail Terminal built

In 1902, the suburban Savyolovsky Rail Terminal was built in Moscow.

1903: Moskovskaya Okruzhnaya Zheleznaya Doroga formed a ring

In 1903, the Moskovskaya Okruzhnaya Zheleznaya Doroga formed a ring around Moscow, serving as a non-electrified railway.

1903: Moskvoretskaya water supply completed

In 1903, the Moskvoretskaya water supply system was completed in Moscow.

January 1905: First official mayor

In January 1905, Alexander Adrianov became Moscow's first official mayor.

1913: Demolition of the Voyentorg department store

The 1913 Voyentorg department store was razed and reconstructed anew.

1915: Population reached 1.8 million

By 1915, the population of Moscow had grown tenfold since 1750, reaching 1.8 million.

November 1917: Bolsheviks began uprising

In November 1917, Moscow's Bolsheviks began their uprising and on November 2 (15), 1917, Soviet power was established.

1917: Moscow called the "city of 40 times 40 churches"

Prior to 1917, Moscow was called the "city of 40 times 40 churches".

March 1918: Capital moved back to Moscow

On 12 March 1918, Vladimir Lenin, fearing invasion, moved the capital back to Moscow and the Kremlin became the seat of power.

1918: Capital moved back to Moscow

In 1918, following the Russian Revolution and the establishment of the Russian SFSR, the capital was moved back to Moscow, which later became the political center of the Soviet Union.

1919: Construction of Shukhov Tower began

In 1919, construction began on the Shukhov Tower as a transmission tower for a Russian broadcasting company.

1920: Bauman Garden officially founded

Bauman Garden was officially founded in 1920.

1922: Bauman Garden renamed

In 1922, Bauman Garden was renamed after the bolshevik Nikolay Bauman.

1922: Shukhov Tower Completed

In 1922, the Shukhov Tower was completed. It was designed by Vladimir Shukhov as a transmission tower for a Russian broadcasting company.

1928: Gorky Park Founded

In 1928, Gorky Park, officially named the Central Park of Culture and Rest after Maxim Gorky, was founded.

1929: Anti-religious campaign launched

In 1929, a new anti-religious campaign was launched in Moscow, coinciding with the collectivization of peasants.

1930: Demolition of the Moskva hotel

The 1930 Moskva hotel was razed and reconstructed anew.

1931: Izmailovsky Park Created

In 1931, Izmailovsky Park, one of the largest urban parks in the world, was created.

1932: Peak destruction of churches

Around 1932, the destruction of churches in Moscow peaked as part of the anti-religious campaign.

1935: Greenbelt built

In 1935, a greenbelt was built, typifying controlled and sustainable metropolitan development.

1937: Suggestion to rename Moscow rejected

In 1937, letters suggested renaming Moscow to "Stalindar" or "Stalinodar", but Stalin rejected the proposal.

1937: North River Terminal built

In 1937, the North River Terminal was built and is the main hub for long-range river routes.

January 1940: Lowest temperature ever recorded

In January 1940, the lowest ever recorded temperature was −42.1 °C (−43.8 °F) in Moscow.

September 1941: German Army Group Centre stopped

Between September 30 1941, and January 7 1942, the German Army Group Centre was stopped at the outskirts of the city.

October 1941: City declared to be in a siege

In October 1941, Moscow was declared to be in a siege during World War II, and its inhabitants built antitank defenses.

January 1942: German Army Group Centre driven off

Between October 1941 and January 1942, the German Army Group Centre was driven off in the Battle of Moscow.

May 1944: Medal "For the defence of Moscow" instituted

On 1 May 1944, a medal "For the defence of Moscow" was instituted.

1945: Tsytsin Main Botanical Garden founded

In 1945, the Tsytsin Main Botanical Garden of Academy of Sciences was founded, becoming the largest botanical garden in Europe.

1947: Medal "In memory of the 800th anniversary of Moscow" instituted

In 1947, a medal "In memory of the 800th anniversary of Moscow" was instituted.

1953: Moscow State University moved to Sparrow Hills

In 1953, Moscow State University relocated to its new campus on Sparrow Hills.

1953: Moscow hosted the EuroBasket in 1953

Moscow hosted the EuroBasket in 1953.

1958: Lilac Park Founded

In 1958, Lilac Park was founded, featuring a permanent sculpture display and a large rosarium.

1958: Zelenograd built

In 1958, the city of Zelenograd was built 37 kilometers from the city centre and incorporated as one of Moscow's administrative okrugs.

1959: Anti-religious campaign launched

In 1959, Nikita Khrushchev launched his anti-religious campaign in Moscow, leading to the closure and demolition of numerous churches.

1961: Moscow Ring Road opened

In 1961, the Moscow Ring Road (MKAD) was opened, featuring four lanes and running 109 kilometers along the city borders.

May 1965: Moscow awarded Hero City title

On 8 May 1965, Moscow was awarded the title of Hero City due to the 20th anniversary of the victory in World War II.

1965: Moscow hosted the EuroBasket in 1965

Moscow hosted the EuroBasket in 1965.

1967: Ostankino Tower Completed

In 1967, the Ostankino Tower was completed, becoming the highest free-standing land structure in the world.

1979: Invasion of Afghanistan

In 1979, the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan occurred.

1980: Moscow hosted the Summer Olympic Games

In 1980, Moscow hosted the Summer Olympic Games, which were boycotted by the US and other Western countries.

1980: Host city of the Summer Olympics

Moscow was the host city of the 1980 Summer Olympics.

1984: New tram line built

In 1984, the newest tram line was built in Moscow. Usage by Muscovites is low, at approximately 5% of trips, because many vital connections in the network have been withdrawn.

1991: Coup attempt

In 1991, Moscow was the scene of a coup attempt by conservative communists opposed to the liberal reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev.

1991: Capital of Russian Federation

In 1991, when the USSR was dissolved, Moscow remained the capital of the Russian Federation.

1991: Average July temperature

The average July temperature from 1991 to 2020 is 19.7 °C (67.5 °F).

1992: Moscow International Business Center planning began

In 1992, the Moscow government started planning the Moscow International Business Center to combine business, living, and entertainment.

1995: MKAD ring road widened

In 1995, the MKAD ring road was widened from four to ten lanes.

1998: Luzhniki Stadium hosted the UEFA Cup Final

In 1998–99, the Luzhniki Stadium hosted the UEFA Cup Final.

2000: Hours of sunshine

Between 2004 and 2010, the average was between 1800 and 2000 hours of sunshine.

2001: Extreme heat in the city

During the summer of 2001, extreme heat was observed in Moscow.

December 2002: First Metro station opened beyond MKAD

In December 2002, Bulvar Dmitriya Donskogo became the first Moscow Metro station that opened beyond the limits of MKAD.

2002: Extreme heat in the city

During the summer of 2002, extreme heat was observed in Moscow.

2003: Law "On the organization of local self-government in the city of Moscow"

According to the law "On the organization of local self-government in the city of Moscow", since the beginning of 2003, the executive bodies of local self-government are municipalities.

2003: Extreme heat in the city

During the summer of 2003, extreme heat was observed in Moscow.

2003: Moscow International Performance Arts Center opened

In 2003, the Moscow International Performance Arts Center, also known as Moscow International House of Music, opened.

2003: Vote to be held after the expiration of the current mayor in 2015

The first direct elections from the time of the 2003 vote were to be held after the expiration of the current mayor in 2015.

2004: Hours of sunshine

Between 2004 and 2010, the average was between 1800 and 2000 hours of sunshine.

2004: Third Ring Road completed

In 2004, the Third Ring Road was completed in Moscow.

2005: Over 500 Olympic sports champions lived in the city

By 2005, over 500 Olympic sports champions lived in Moscow.

2005: Delovoi Tsentr station opened

In 2005, the Delovoi Tsentr metro station opened on the Filyovskaya Line, later renamed Vystavochnaya.

2006: Frosts reaching −30.0 °C

At the end of January–February 2006, it was often colder, with frosts reaching −30.0 °C (−22.0 °F).

2006: Direct elections of the mayor were not held

From 2006 to 2012, direct elections of the mayor were not held due to changes in the Charter of the city of Moscow.

2006: Mezhdunarodnaya station opened

In 2006, the Filyovskaya Line extended to the Mezhdunarodnaya station.

2007: Luzhniki Stadium hosted the UEFA Champions League Final

In 2007–08, the Luzhniki Stadium hosted the UEFA Champions League Final.

2007: Record temperatures recorded

Record high and average temperatures were recorded for January, March, April, May, June, July, August, November, and December in 2007–2022.

2008: Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation moved

Since 2008, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation has been located in Saint Petersburg.

2009: Vystavochnaya station renamed

In 2009, the Delovoi Tsentr station on the Filyovskaya Line was renamed Vystavochnaya.

2009: Eurovision Song Contest 2009 hosted in Moscow

In 2009, the SC Olimpiyskiy in Moscow hosted the Eurovision Song Contest, the first and so far only one arranged in Russia.

July 2010: Highest temperature ever recorded

On 29 July 2010, the highest temperature ever recorded was 38.2 °C (100.8 °F) at the VVC weather station and 39.0 °C (102.2 °F) in the center of Moscow and Domodedovo airport.

2010: 2010 Russian census

According to the 2010 Russian census, the population of Moscow was 11,503,501.

2010: Hours of sunshine

Between 2004 and 2010, the average was between 1800 and 2000 hours of sunshine.

2010: Extreme heat in the city

During the summer of 2010, extreme heat was observed in Moscow.

2010: Muslim population

In 2010, the Moscow Mufti Council claimed that Muslims numbered around 1.5 million of the city's 10.5 million population.

2010: Reconstruction into MCC

In the 2010's, the Moskovskaya Okruzhnaya Zheleznaya Doroga was reconstructed into Moscow Central Circle.

2010: Moscow Hosted Bandy World Championship

Moscow hosted the Bandy World Championship in 2010, this time in Krylatskoye.

2011: Extreme heat in the city

During the summer of 2011, extreme heat was observed in Moscow.

2011: RC Lokomotiv entered the Professional Rugby League

In 2011, RC Lokomotiv entered the national Professional Rugby League.

July 2012: Territorial expansion

On 1 July 2012, Moscow's area more than doubled by territorial expansion into the Moscow Oblast, becoming the largest city on the European continent by area and gaining 233,000 people.

2012: Frosts reaching −30.0 °C

At the end of January–February 2012, it was often colder, with frosts reaching −30.0 °C (−22.0 °F).

2012: Direct elections of the mayor were not held

From 2006 to 2012, direct elections of the mayor were not held due to changes in the Charter of the city of Moscow.

2012: Moscow made a bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics

Moscow had made a bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics.

September 2013: Direct elections of the mayor were held

In September 2013, the first direct elections from the time of the 2003 vote were held.

2013: Frosts reaching −30.0 °C

At the end of January–February 2013, it was often colder, with frosts reaching −30.0 °C (−22.0 °F).

2013: Luzhniki Stadium Hosted Rugby World Cup Sevens

In 2013, the Luzhniki Stadium hosted the Rugby World Cup Sevens.

July 2014: Record hours of sunshine in July

In July 2014, Moscow experienced a record 411 hours of sunshine, which is 79% of possible sunshine.

2014: Undorosaurus trautscholdi named

In 2014, the animal Undorosaurus trautscholdi was named after Hermann Trautschold, the paleontologist who discovered its fossil near Moscow in 1878.

2014: Exhibition Center Renamed

In 2014, the park returned to the name Exhibition of Achievements of National Economy, and in the same year, huge renovation works had been started.

2015: Taxi service platforms displaced private drivers

In 2015, service platforms like Yandex.Taxi, Uber, and Gett displaced many private drivers, servicing over 50% of all taxi orders in Moscow.

2015: The vote to be held after the expiration of the current mayor

The first direct elections from the time of the 2003 vote were to be held after the expiration of the current mayor in 2015.

September 2016: Passenger service started on Little Ring of the Moscow Railway

In September 2016, passenger service started on the Little Ring of the Moscow Railway, fully integrated with the Moscow Metro.

September 2016: Moscow Central Circle opened for passenger use

On September 10, 2016, the Moscow Central Circle (M.C.C.) was opened for passenger use, built alongside the Little Ring of the Moscow Railway.

2016: Federation Tower completed

In 2016, the Federation Tower, the second-tallest building in Europe, was completed in Moscow.

December 2017: Darkest month in Moscow

December 2017 was the darkest month in Moscow since records began, with only six minutes of sunlight.

2017: Building works of the Irina Viner-Usmanova Gymnastics Palace started

In 2017 building works of the Irina Viner-Usmanova Gymnastics Palace started.

2017: New ichnospecies Skolithos gorodnensis described

In 2017, tubular passages of burrowing animals were described as a new ichnospecies Skolithos gorodnensis in the Coniacian deposits near the stream bed of the Bolshaya Glinka River.

November 2018: Cable car opening

In November 2018, the mayor of Moscow, Sergey Sobyanin, inaugurated the cable car over the Moskva River, linking Luzhniki sports complex with Sparrow Hills and Kosygin Street, reducing the journey time to five minutes.

2018: Moscow Hosted FIFA World Cup

In 2018, Moscow hosted the FIFA World Cup with 7 games total, including the final, at Luzhniki Stadium.

2018: Moscow's car sharing system became the biggest in Europe

In 2018, Moscow's car sharing system has become the biggest in Europe in terms of vehicle fleet, with about 25,000 people using the service daily. Moscow carsharing also became the second in the world in terms of fleet with 16.5K available vehicles.