History of Burkina Faso in Timeline
Burkina Faso, a landlocked West African nation formerly known as the Republic of Upper Volta, spans 274,223 sq km. With a population exceeding 23 million, it's bordered by six countries: Mali, Niger, Benin, Togo, Ghana, and Ivory Coast. Renamed in 1984 by President Thomas Sankara, its people are called Burkinabè, and its capital is Ouagadougou.
1915: Volta-Bani War Begins
The Volta-Bani War, a significant armed resistance movement against colonial rule, erupted in 1915 in parts of present-day Burkina Faso and Mali.
1916: Volta-Bani War Continues
The Volta-Bani War persisted through 1916, marking a period of intense conflict between local communities and the colonial administration.
March 1919: French Upper Volta Established
On March 1, 1919, French Upper Volta was formally established as a separate colony within French West Africa.
1934: Publication of "Maximes, pensées et devinettes mossi"
In 1934, during the French occupation of Burkina Faso, Dim-Dolobsom Ouedraogo published "Maximes, pensées et devinettes mossi" ("Maxims, Thoughts and Riddles of the Mossi"), a compilation of the Mossi people's oral history.
1944: Establishment of the World Bank
The World Bank was established in 1944 to address global poverty and promote shared prosperity.
September 1947: French Upper Volta Revived
On September 4, 1947, France reinstated the colony of Upper Volta within the French Union, restoring its previous boundaries.
July 1956: Loi Cadre Passed
The Basic Law (Loi Cadre) was passed on July 23, 1956, beginning the reorganization of French Overseas Territories.
1957: French Parliament Approves Self-Government Measures
In 1957, the French parliament approved measures to provide a large degree of self-government for individual territories.
December 1958: Republic of Upper Volta established
In December 1958, the Republic of Upper Volta was established as a self-governing colony within the French Community.
1958: Upper Volta Becomes a Self-Governing Colony
In 1958, Upper Volta transitioned to become a self-governing colony within the framework of the French Community.
August 1960: Full Independence and One-Party State
Upper Volta attained full independence from France on August 5, 1960. The first president, Maurice Yaméogo, banned all political parties other than his own, the Voltaic Democratic Union (UDV).
1960: Upper Volta Gains Independence
Upper Volta achieved full independence in 1960, with Maurice Yaméogo assuming the presidency.
1960: Full Independence from France
Upper Volta gained full independence from France in 1960.
1966: Coup in Upper Volta
A coup took place in Upper Volta in 1966, marking a period of political instability in the country's history.
1966: Military Coup and Rule
Following a 1966 military coup, Lt. Col. Sangoulé Lamizana led a government of senior army officers, with the army remaining in power for four years.
1969: Establishment of FESPACO
Burkina Faso's influence on African cinema began in 1969 with the founding of the FESPACO (Festival Panafricain du Cinéma et de la Télévision de Ouagadougou), which started as a film week.
1973: Archaeological Discoveries in Burkina Faso
Archaeological excavations conducted in Burkina Faso in 1973 unearthed tools used by hunter-gatherers between 14,000 BCE and 5,000 BCE.
June 1976: New Constitution Ratified
On June 14, 1976, a new constitution was ratified in Upper Volta, establishing a four-year transition period toward complete civilian rule.
1977: New Constitution Approved
After conflict over the 1976 constitution, a new constitution was written and approved in 1977.
1978: Lamizana Re-elected
Lamizana was re-elected as president of Upper Volta by open elections in 1978.
November 1980: Bloodless Coup
On November 25, 1980, Col. Saye Zerbo overthrew President Lamizana in a bloodless coup.
1980: Coup in Upper Volta
Another coup unfolded in Upper Volta in 1980, highlighting the ongoing challenges to political stability.
1982: Coup d'état and Ban on Political Parties
Maj. Dr. Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo and the Council of Popular Salvation (CSP) overthrew Colonel Zerbo in the 1982 Upper Voltan coup d'état. The CSP banned political parties and organizations while promising a transition to civilian rule.
1982: Coup in Upper Volta
Upper Volta experienced yet another coup in 1982, underscoring the persistent political volatility.
January 1983: Sankara Appointed Prime Minister
Captain Thomas Sankara, leader of the leftist faction of the CSP, was appointed prime minister in January 1983 but was later arrested.
August 1983: Military Coup
Efforts to free Sankara, led by Capt. Blaise Compaoré, resulted in a military coup d'état on August 4, 1983.
1983: Coup in Upper Volta
A coup transpired in Upper Volta in 1983, further contributing to the cycle of political instability.
1983: Sankara's Environmental Policies
In the 1980s, Sankara prioritized environmental protection, engaging in battles against bush fires, cattle roaming, and the unregulated cutting of firewood. After 1983, cereal production was predicted to rise.
1983: FEPACI Headquarters in Ouagadougou
President Sankara's enthusiastic support and financing in 1983 helped to revive the Federation of Panafrican Filmmakers (FEPACI), which had its headquarters in Ouagadougou.
1983: Thomas Sankara Takes Power
Thomas Sankara ascended to power in Burkina Faso following a successful coup in 1983.
August 1984: Country Renamed Burkina Faso
On August 2, 1984, at Sankara's initiative, the country's name was changed from "Upper Volta" to "Burkina Faso", meaning "land of the honest men". The presidential decree was confirmed by the National Assembly on August 4, 1984.
October 1987: Sankara Assassinated in Coup
On October 15, 1987, Sankara was assassinated in a coup d'état organized by Blaise Compaoré, who took over as president.
1987: Increased Cereal Production
As a result of Sankara's policies, cereal production, close to 1.1 billion tons before 1983, was predicted to rise to 1.6 billion tons in 1987.
1987: Coup in Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso was shaken by a coup in 1987, leading to the overthrow and assassination of President Thomas Sankara.
1987: Thomas Sankara Deposed and Assassinated
In 1987, Thomas Sankara was deposed and assassinated in a coup orchestrated by Blaise Compaoré.
1988: International Art and Craft Fair, Ouagadougou (SIAO)
The International Art and Craft Fair, Ouagadougou (SIAO), held every two years since 1988, is one of Africa's most important trade exhibitions for art and crafts (late October-early November, even years).
1989: Unsuccessful Coup Attempt
An unsuccessful coup attempt took place in Burkina Faso in 1989.
1990: Limited Democratic Reforms
Following an alleged coup-attempt in 1989, Compaoré introduced limited democratic reforms in 1990.
1990: Burkina Faso's Forest Cover at 7,716,600 Hectares
In 1990, Burkina Faso had a forest cover of 7,716,600 hectares.
1990: Baseline for Water Access Improvement
In 1990, access to drinking water in Burkina Faso stood at 39% in rural areas and 75% in urban areas, serving as the baseline for measuring the progress made in subsequent years.
1990: Literacy Rate
In 1990, the literacy rate in Burkina Faso was 12.8%.
June 1991: Burkina Faso Establishes Semi-Presidential Government
The Constitution of June 2, 1991, established a semi-presidential system in Burkina Faso, with a President elected for a seven-year term and a parliament subject to dissolution by the President.
December 1991: Compaoré Elected President
Under the new 1991 constitution, Compaoré was re-elected president without opposition in December 1991.
1991: Burkina Faso Adopts Bicameral Parliament
The 1991 constitution of Burkina Faso initially established a bicameral parliament.
1993: Demographic and Health Surveys
Demographic and Health Surveys have been conducted in Burkina Faso since 1993, providing valuable data on the country's health trends.
January 1998: Death of David Ouedraogo
David Ouedraogo, a driver who worked for President Blaise Compaoré's brother, François Compaoré, died in January 1998 as a result of torture.
1998: Africa Cup of Nations
Burkina Faso hosted the Africa Cup of Nations in 1998, for which the Omnisport Stadium in Bobo-Dioulasso was built.
1998: Compaoré Wins Landslide Election
Compaoré won a landslide election in 1998.
1998: Assassination of Norbert Zongo
Investigative journalist Norbert Zongo, his brother Ernest, their driver, and another man were slain by unknown attackers in 1998, and their bodies were burned. The crime remained unsolved.
January 1999: Charges Against François Compaoré
François Compaoré was charged with the murder of David Ouedraogo in January 1999. However, the charges were eventually dismissed by a military court following an appeal.
1999: Significant Reforms in Banking and Financial Sector Regulation
Burkina Faso, as part of the West African Monetary and Economic Union (UMEOA), underwent significant reforms in its banking and financial sector regulations in 1999.
August 2000: Charges Against RSP Members
Five members of the President's personal security detail (Régiment de la Sécurité Présidentielle, or RSP) were charged with Ouedraogo's murder in August 2000.
2000: Constitutional Amendment Reduces Presidential Term, Sets Term Limits
In 2000, Burkina Faso's constitution was amended to reduce the presidential term to five years and limit presidents to two consecutive terms. This amendment came into effect during the 2005 elections.
2000: Constitution Amended
In 2000, the constitution was amended to reduce the presidential term to five years and set a two-term limit.
2000: Improved Water Access and Infrastructure
Since 2000, Burkina Faso witnessed significant improvements in access to water in its four major urban centers. The state-owned water company expanded access to nearly 2 million more people while maintaining high infrastructure quality with minimal water loss. This achievement contributed to the nation's progress towards its Millennium Development Goals in water-related areas.
2001: Central Government Health Spending
Central government spending on health in Burkina Faso was recorded at 3% of its budget in 2001.
September 2002: Coup Attempt in Ivory Coast Impacts Burkina Faso
The September 2002 coup attempt in Ivory Coast had a ripple effect on Burkina Faso, as hundreds of thousands of Burkinabè workers were forced to return home due to the ensuing conflict, negatively impacting the regional economy.
2002: Burkina Faso Abolishes Upper House of Parliament
In 2002, Burkina Faso abolished its upper house of parliament, the Chamber of Representatives, transitioning to a unicameral system.
2004: Alleged Coup Attempt Thwarted
In 2004, 13 people were tried for plotting a coup against President Compaoré.
October 2005: Constitutional Council Ruling
In October 2005, the constitutional council ruled that a 2000 amendment limiting presidential terms would not apply to Compaoré until the end of his second term.
November 2005: Compaoré Re-elected
Compaoré was reelected president in a landslide on November 13, 2005.
2005: World Health Organization Report on Female Genital Mutilation
A concerning report by the World Health Organization in 2005 revealed that approximately 72.5% of girls and women in Burkina Faso had undergone female genital mutilation, a practice often performed within traditional rituals.
2005: Constitutional Amendment on Presidential Term Limits Takes Effect
The constitutional amendment of 2000, limiting presidential terms to two, came into effect during the 2005 elections in Burkina Faso.
2006: Census Data on Languages Spoken
The 2006 census in Burkina Faso provided a glimpse into the linguistic landscape of the country. Mooré emerged as the most spoken native language, used by 40.5% of the population. Other prevalent languages included Fula (9.3%), Gourmanché (6.1%), Bambara (4.9%), and Bissa (3.2%).
2006: Relocation of FEPACI Secretariat
The FEPACI Secretariat relocated to South Africa in 2006, although the organization's headquarters remained in Ouagadougou.
April 2007: Threats Against Karim Sama
Karim Sama, a well-known radio reggae host whose shows featured reggae music interspersed with critical commentary on alleged government injustice and corruption, got multiple death threats in April 2007.
2007: Inter-Togolese Dialogue participation
In 2007, Compaoré's government was actively involved in the Inter-Togolese Dialogue, reflecting its commitment to mediating regional conflicts in West Africa.
December 2008: Protest March and Questioning
Police in Ouagadougou questioned leaders of a protest march in December 2008 that sought a fresh investigation into the unsolved Zongo murder.
2008: UN Development Program Report
In 2008, the UN Development Program Report ranked Burkina Faso as the country with the lowest level of literacy in the world, despite efforts to improve literacy rates.
2008: Start of Period with High Stunted Growth
This year marked the beginning of a period where a significant portion of Burkina Faso's population, particularly children, suffered from stunted growth due to persistent food insecurity.
2009: Low R&D Spending
Burkina Faso dedicated a mere 0.20% of its GDP to research and development in 2009, representing one of the lowest investments in West Africa.
2009: Shortage of Healthcare Professionals
Studies conducted in 2009 highlighted a critical shortage of healthcare professionals in Burkina Faso, with estimates suggesting as few as 10 physicians per 100,000 people, underscoring the challenges faced by the healthcare system.
2009: U.S. Department of State Report on Human Trafficking
The U.S. Department of State's Trafficking in Persons Report in 2009 revealed the persistence of slavery in Burkina Faso, with Burkinabè children being frequent victims of this heinous practice, often rooted in the historical trans-Saharan slave trade.
2009: Baseline Year for Poverty Reduction Measurement
The year 2009 serves as the starting point for measuring the progress in poverty reduction in Burkina Faso, with the poverty rate at 46%.
2010: Physician Density
Burkina Faso faced a severe shortage of physicians in 2010, with a physician density of only 0.05 per 1,000 people.
2010: Policy on Secondary and Higher Education and Scientific Research
Burkina Faso introduced a policy on Secondary and Higher Education and Scientific Research in 2010, integrating science and technology into its education framework.
2010: Compaoré's role in 2010 Ivorian crisis
In 2010, Compaoré's government acted as a negotiator in the Ivorian crisis, emphasizing Burkina Faso's diplomatic engagement in West-African regional disputes.
2010: Researcher Concentration in Health Sector
In 2010, the health sector in Burkina Faso employed a significant portion of the country's researchers, with 46% of them working in this field.
2010: High Rates of Anemia in Women and Children
The Demographic and Health Survey (DHS 2010) revealed alarming rates of anemia in Burkina Faso, with 49% of women and 88% of children under five affected. This data underscored the widespread prevalence of nutritional deficiencies and their impact on the health of vulnerable populations.
January 2011: Creation of the Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation
In January 2011, Burkina Faso's government established the Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, signaling a commitment to science and technology as development priorities.
February 2011: Protests Erupt
In February 2011, the death of a schoolboy provoked protests, a military mutiny, and a magistrates' strike, calling for Compaoré's resignation and reforms.
April 2011: Army Mutiny
An army mutiny occurred in April 2011, leading to the president appointing new chiefs of staff and a curfew being imposed in Ouagadougou.
2011: Burkina Faso's Exports Valued at $2.77 Billion
Burkina Faso's exports reached $2.77 billion in 2011.
2011: Continuation of Compaoré's diplomatic efforts
During 2011, Burkina Faso, under Compaoré's leadership, continued its role as a negotiator in the ongoing Ivorian crisis, showcasing its involvement in West-African diplomacy.
2011: Health Expenditures and Maternal Mortality
In 2011, Burkina Faso allocated 6.5% of its GDP to health expenditures. However, the maternal mortality ratio remained alarmingly high at an estimated 300 deaths per 100,000 live births.
2011: Gold Production Surge
In 2011, Burkina Faso experienced a 32% increase in gold production across its six gold mine sites. This boost led to the country becoming the fourth-largest gold producer in Africa, trailing behind South Africa, Mali, and Ghana.
2011: Launch of the National Programme for the Rural Sector
In 2011, Burkina Faso launched the National Programme for the Rural Sector, incorporating elements of science and technology to enhance rural development.
2012: Food and Nutrition Crisis
Burkina Faso faced a severe food and nutrition crisis in 2012, leading to widespread malnutrition, particularly among children, and prompting interventions from international organizations like the UN's World Food Programme.
2012: Adoption of National Policy for Scientific and Technical Research
Burkina Faso took a significant step in 2012 by adopting the National Policy for Scientific and Technical Research, aiming to advance research and development, along with the application and commercialization of research findings.
2012: Estimated Adult HIV Prevalence Rate
By 2012, the estimated adult HIV prevalence rate (ages 15-49) in Burkina Faso stood at 1.0%.
2012: Involvement in 2012 Malian Crisis
In 2012, Burkina Faso participated as a mediator in the Malian Crisis, furthering its role in addressing regional conflicts in West Africa.
2012: Launch of Protracted Relief and Recovery Operation (PRRO)
In response to the 2012 food and nutrition crisis in Burkina Faso, the United Nations' World Food Programme (WFP) initiated the Protracted Relief and Recovery Operation 200509 (PRRO). This program focused on addressing the high malnutrition levels, particularly among children, through treatment, prevention efforts, and providing take-home rations to caregivers. The PRRO aimed to enhance the resilience of families against future food crises.
2012: Sharp Decline in Exports to $754 Million
The value of Burkina Faso's exports experienced a dramatic drop to $754 million in 2012.
2013: Africa Cup of Nations
Burkina Faso qualified for the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations in South Africa, where they advanced to the final but fell to Nigeria 0-1.
2013: Baseline Gold Production
In 2013, Burkina Faso produced a significantly lower amount of gold compared to its projected 2018 output, serving as a baseline for measuring the growth in gold production.
2013: Science, Technology and Innovation Act
In a clear demonstration of commitment to research and innovation, Burkina Faso passed the Science, Technology and Innovation Act in 2013, creating three funding mechanisms: the National Fund for Education and Research, the National Fund for Research and Innovation for Development, and the Forum of Scientific Research and Technological Innovation.
2013: Food Insecurity and Malnutrition
The 2013 Global Hunger Index ranked Burkina Faso 65th out of 78 countries. Over 1.5 million children faced food insecurity, with approximately 350,000 requiring urgent medical aid, although only a third received sufficient medical care. The lack of adequate nutrition led to stunted growth, impacting a third of the population between 2008 and 2012. This issue also correlated with lower educational attainment among children.
June 2014: Expansion of International Air Connectivity
By June 2014, Burkina Faso's primary international airport, Ouagadougou Airport, expanded its flight network to include numerous destinations across West Africa, alongside major European cities like Paris, Brussels, and Istanbul. This expansion reflected the nation's growing global connectivity and its efforts to enhance transportation infrastructure.
October 2014: Compaoré's Rule Ends
Blaise Compaoré held the position of president until October 2014.
October 2014: Blaise Compaoré Removed from Power
Blaise Compaoré's rule as president of Burkina Faso came to an end on October 31, 2014, when he was removed from power.
October 2014: Protests against President Compaoré
In October 2014, protests erupted in Ouagadougou against President Compaoré's plans to amend the constitution to extend his rule. On 30 October, demonstrators set fire to the parliament, took over the national TV, and forced the closure of the airport. The military dissolved government institutions, imposing a curfew.
November 2014: Transition plan adoption
In November 2014, opposition parties and civil-society groups adopted a transition plan for elections. Michel Kafando became the transitional president, with Lt. Col. Zida as acting Prime Minister.
2014: Establishment of Center of Excellence
A center of excellence was established in 2014 at the International Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering in Ouagadougou, as part of a World Bank project to bolster capacity-building in agricultural and environmental sciences.
2014: Burkina Faso's 2014 status
As of 2014, Burkina Faso was recognized as one of the least-developed countries globally, highlighting ongoing socioeconomic challenges.
2014: High Total Fertility Rate
Burkina Faso's total fertility rate in 2014 was estimated at 5.93 children per woman, ranking it among the highest globally.
2014: Slight Reduction in Poverty Rate
By 2014, Burkina Faso achieved a slight reduction in its poverty rate, decreasing to 40.1% from the 46% recorded in 2009. This progress, though modest, signified efforts towards poverty reduction.
2014: Median Age and Population Growth
The median age of Burkina Faso's population in 2014 was 17, accompanied by a substantial estimated population growth rate of 3.05%.
August 2015: Beginning of Jihadist insurgency
In August 2015, a jihadist insurgency commenced in Burkina Faso, part of the broader Islamist insurgency in the Sahel, marking a period of increased attacks on the country.
September 2015: Coup d'état by Presidential Security
On 16 September 2015, the Regiment of Presidential Security staged a coup, capturing the president and prime minister. However, by 22 September, coup leader Gilbert Diendéré apologized, and civilian government was restored on 23 September.
November 2015: General elections and Kaboré's victory
On 29 November 2015, general elections were held, and Roch Marc Christian Kaboré won with 53.5% of the vote, defeating Zéphirin Diabré. This marked a significant political transition for Burkina Faso.
December 2015: Kaboré's inauguration
Roch Marc Christian Kaboré was sworn in as president on 29 December 2015, following his victory in the November elections, solidifying his leadership.
2015: Unsuccessful Coup Attempt
Burkina Faso faced another unsuccessful coup attempt in 2015.
2015: Significant Increase in Water Access
By 2015, Burkina Faso demonstrated substantial progress in expanding access to drinking water. Access increased notably to 76% in rural areas and 97% in urban areas, marking a significant improvement since 1990 and highlighting successful efforts in water resource management and infrastructure development.
2015: Entire Forest Area Reported Under Public Ownership
By 2015, it was reported that 100% of Burkina Faso's forest area was under public ownership.
2015: President Kaboré Initiates Constitutional Review Process
In 2015, President Kaboré of Burkina Faso initiated a process to review and revise the 1991 constitution.
2015: Ethnic Composition
In 2015, a majority of Burkina Faso's population identified with either the Voltaic or Mandé West African ethnic cultural groups. The Voltaic Mossi, descended from warriors who migrated from Ghana around 1100, constituted approximately 50% of the population.
2015: Planned presidential election
In 2015, a presidential election was planned as part of the transition process following Compaoré's resignation and the establishment of a transitional authority in November 2014.
2015: Planned re-election for Compaoré
In 2015, there were plans for President Compaoré to stand for re-election, a move which fueled the protests in October 2014 as he sought to amend the constitution.
2015: Projected Child Malnutrition Crisis
The European Commission projected that 2015 would see approximately 500,000 children under five in Burkina Faso experiencing acute malnutrition, with a concerning 149,000 anticipated to suffer from life-threatening forms of malnutrition. This prediction highlighted a looming health crisis demanding immediate attention and intervention.
January 2016: Ouagadougou terrorist attack
On 15 January 2016, terrorists attacked Ouagadougou, killing 30 people. The attack was claimed by Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb and Al-Mourabitoune, expanding their operations beyond Mali.
October 2016: Continued insurgency attacks
Between August 2015 and October 2016, jihadists attacked multiple locations in Burkina Faso, indicating a sustained insurgency effort across the country.
2016: Rise of Ansarul Islam
In 2016, Ansarul Islam was founded by Imam Ibrahim Malam Dicko, intensifying attacks in Soum province, including a deadly assault on Nassoumbou on 16 December.
2016: Economic Growth at 5.9%, Public Deficit at 3.5% of GDP
In 2016, Burkina Faso recorded a 5.9% economic growth rate, while its public deficit stood at 3.5% of GDP.
2016: Dengue Fever Outbreak
In 2016, a devastating dengue fever outbreak struck Burkina Faso, resulting in the loss of 20 lives. Cases of the mosquito-borne illness were identified across all 12 districts of the capital city, Ouagadougou.
2016: Life Expectancy
In 2016, the average life expectancy in Burkina Faso was estimated at 60 years for males and 61 years for females.
April 2017: Operation Panga launched
Between 27 March and 10 April 2017, Operation Panga was launched by Mali, France, and Burkina Faso, targeting Ansarul Islam in the Fhero Forest, showcasing regional military collaboration.
June 2017: Death of Ansarul Islam leader
In June 2017, Ibrahim Malam Dicko, head of Ansarul Islam, was killed, leading to a shift in leadership as Jafar Dicko took over the group.
November 2017: Inauguration of Zagtouli Solar Power Plant
In a landmark achievement for renewable energy in West Africa, Burkina Faso inaugurated a 33-megawatt solar power plant in Zagtouli, near Ouagadougou, in late November 2017. This plant, being the largest of its kind in the region at the time, signified a crucial step towards diversifying energy sources and promoting clean energy.
2017: Economic Growth Rises to 6.4%, Public Deficit Increases
Burkina Faso's economic growth accelerated to 6.4% in 2017, driven by gold production and infrastructure investments. However, the public deficit also grew to 7.7% of GDP.
2017: Public Debt Reaches 36.9% of GDP
By 2017, Burkina Faso's public debt, largely associated with the National Economic and Social Development Plan, reached 36.9% of GDP.
2017: Gems and Precious Metals Dominate Burkina Faso's Exports
In 2017, gems and precious metals constituted the majority of Burkina Faso's exports, accounting for 78.5% of total exports at $1.9 billion.
March 2018: Attack on French embassy and army headquarters
On 2 March 2018, Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin attacked the French embassy and army headquarters in Ouagadougou, resulting in 16 deaths and numerous injuries, escalating the insurgency.
August 2018: WFP Plan for Sustainable Food Security
In August 2018, the WFP finalized a plan to bolster the Burkina Faso government's vision for sustainable economic growth and food security by 2030. The plan aimed to strengthen national and local capacities, enabling the government and communities to manage and implement food and nutrition security programs independently.
October 2018: Droughts, Floods, and Insecurity Impact Food Security
A USAID report in October 2018 highlighted the persistent challenges of droughts and floods in Burkina Faso, compounded by violence and insecurity disrupting markets and livelihoods in the northern and eastern regions. These factors contributed to over 954,300 people requiring food security assistance, with an estimated 187,200 children under five at risk of severe acute malnutrition.
December 2018: World Bank Report Highlights Economic Growth and Challenges
A World Bank report in December 2018 highlighted Burkina Faso's positive economic growth but also pointed out potential risks such as high oil import prices, fluctuating gold and cotton export prices, terrorist threats, and labor strikes.
December 2018: World Bank Report on Poverty and Development Challenges
A World Bank report in December 2018 indicated a slight decrease in Burkina Faso's poverty rate between 2009 and 2014, from 46% to 40.1%, highlighting the persistent challenges of poverty reduction. The report emphasized the country's vulnerability to climate change, commodity price fluctuations, and the need for political stability, trade openness, and economic diversification for sustainable development.
2018: Record Gold Production and Diversification Goals
A 2018 report projected that Burkina Faso would achieve a record-breaking gold production of 55 tonnes. This output signified a two-thirds surge compared to the production levels in 2013. Despite the positive outlook in gold production, Oumarou Idani emphasized the need to diversify production beyond gold, highlighting the nation's untapped potential in manganese, zinc, lead, copper, nickel, and limestone.
2018: Burkina Faso Completes Constitutional Revision, Limits Presidential Tenure
By 2018, Burkina Faso finalized the constitutional revision process. A key change was limiting any individual from serving as president for more than ten years, consecutively or intermittently, and outlining a process for impeachment.
2018: CIA World Factbook Provides Economic Overview of Burkina Faso
The 2018 CIA World Factbook provided an economic overview of Burkina Faso, describing it as a poor, landlocked nation heavily reliant on rainfall for its agriculture-based economy and highlighting its dependence on gold and cotton exports.
2018: African Development Bank Group Discusses Macroeconomic Trends
The African Development Bank Group, in a 2018 report, analyzed Burkina Faso's macroeconomic trends, noting increased investments in social services and security, which were expected to contribute to the budget deficit.
2018: Global Slavery Index Estimate
The Global Slavery Index estimated that approximately 82,000 individuals were subjected to "modern slavery" in Burkina Faso in 2018.
2018: Tourism Suffers Due to Security Concerns in Burkina Faso
Tourism in Burkina Faso was severely impacted in 2018 due to security concerns, with travel warnings issued by various countries, including the United States, for large parts of the country.
2018: Child Mortality Rates
Tragically, in 2018, Burkina Faso experienced high rates of child mortality, with an under-five mortality rate and infant mortality rate of 76 deaths per 1,000 live births.
2018: Economic Growth Resumes, but Security Situation Poses Risks
While Burkina Faso's economy experienced a resurgence in growth in 2018 following a period of political crisis, the report highlighted that the country's fragile security situation could jeopardize these economic gains.
February 2019: Escalation of violence
By February 2019, violence in Burkina Faso had escalated significantly, with at least 42 people killed by jihadists and over 116 civilians by military forces, highlighting a severe security crisis.
March 2019: Burkina Faso Schedules Referendum on New Constitution
A referendum on the revised constitution, paving the way for the Fifth Republic, was scheduled for March 24, 2019.
2019: Religious Demographics
The 2019 census conducted by the government of Burkina Faso shed light on the religious composition of the nation, indicating that 63.8% of the population adhered to Islam, with the majority aligning with the Sunni branch. A smaller segment identified with Shia Islam.
2019: Projected Reduction of Budget Deficit
The African Development Bank Group projected that Burkina Faso's budget deficit would decrease to 4.8% of GDP in 2018 and further to 2.9% in 2019.
July 2020: Concerns over mass graves
In July 2020, the U.S. expressed concerns after Human Rights Watch reported mass graves with at least 180 bodies in northern Burkina Faso, raising human rights issues amid the conflict.
November 2020: Re-election of Kaboré
In the general election of 22 November 2020, Kaboré was re-elected, though his party failed to secure an absolute majority in parliament, highlighting a shift in political dynamics.
2020: International Monetary Fund Program Aims to Reduce Budget Deficit
An International Monetary Fund program spanning from 2018 to 2020 was implemented in Burkina Faso with the goal of reducing the budget deficit while safeguarding essential social service expenditures and key public investments.
2020: Forest Cover Decreases to 6,216,400 Hectares
Burkina Faso's forest cover decreased to 6,216,400 hectares in 2020, a significant decline from its 1990 levels.
2020: Olympic Medal
Hugues Fabrice Zango made history at the 2020 Summer Olympics by winning Burkina Faso's first Olympic medal, a bronze in the men's triple jump.
June 2021: Massacre in Solhan and Tadaryat
From 4–5 June 2021, over 170 people were massacred by unknown militants in Solhan and Tadaryat, showcasing the severe impact of insurgency on civilian populations.
June 2021: Solhan village massacre
On 4 June 2021, gunmen killed over 100 people in Solhan village, marking the deadliest attack in Burkina Faso since the jihadist insurgency began, according to government reports.
January 2022: Military Coup in Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso experienced a military coup d'état on January 23 and 24, 2022, resulting in the overthrow of President Roch Marc Kaboré.
January 2022: Military Coup Leads to Dissolution of Parliament, Government, and Constitution
Following the January 2022 coup d'état, the military junta in Burkina Faso dissolved the parliament, government, and suspended the constitution.
January 2022: Coup and Kaboré's deposition
On 24 January 2022, President Kaboré was deposed by mutinying soldiers, leading to the MPSR declaring control under Lt. Col. Damiba. The coup resulted in ECOWAS and the African Union suspending Burkina Faso.
February 2022: Siege of Djibo begins
In February 2022, the Siege of Djibo began, continuing into 2023, highlighting the ongoing conflict and instability in Burkina Faso.
March 2022: Approval of transition charter
On 1 March 2022, the military junta approved a transition charter for a military-led transition of three years, setting the stage for future elections.
April 2022: Release of former President Kaboré
On 6 April 2022, former President Kaboré was released after being detained following the January coup, marking a significant development in the political landscape.
June 2022: Creation of military zones
In June 2022, the government announced "military zones" requiring civilians to vacate for more effective military operations against insurgents, illustrating strategic changes in counter-insurgency efforts.
September 2022: Constitution Suspended Again After September Coup
After a brief restoration, Burkina Faso's constitution was suspended once again following the September 2022 coup d'état, marking a period of political instability.
September 2022: Military Coup Ousts President Damiba
In September 2022, only eight months after taking power himself, President Damiba was ousted in a military coup led by Captain Ibrahim Traoré, who cited Damiba's inability to address the Islamist insurgency as the reason.
October 2022: Captain Traoré Assumes Presidency, Appoints Interim Prime Minister
Following the September 2022 coup, Captain Traoré officially assumed the presidency on October 6th. Later that month, on October 21st, Apollinaire Joachim Kyélem de Tambèla was appointed as interim Prime Minister.
2022: Coups in Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso was marked by two significant coups in 2022, one in January and another in September, reflecting heightened political turmoil.
2022: Burkina Faso's GDP
In 2022, Burkina Faso's GDP stood at $16.226 billion.
April 2023: Burkina Faso Declares Mobilization Against Terrorism, Karma Massacre Occurs
In April 2023, Burkina Faso declared a national mobilization to combat terrorism, aiming to reclaim territory from Islamist insurgents. Tragically, on April 20th, the Rapid Intervention Brigade committed the Karma massacre, killing between 60 to 156 civilians.
June 2023: Continued siege and violence
As of June 2023, the Siege of Djibo persisted, with significant violence occurring, including an attack in Seytenga Department with up to 165 killed, reflecting the severe security situation.
December 2023: Elevation of Indigenous Languages
In December 2023, amid strained relations with France, Burkina Faso took the step of elevating several indigenous languages, including Mooré, Bissa, Dioula, and Fula, to official language status.
2023: Unsuccessful Coup Attempt
An unsuccessful coup attempt transpired in Burkina Faso in 2023, indicating continued threats to political stability.
2023: Global Innovation Index Ranking
Burkina Faso held the 124th position in the Global Innovation Index in 2023.
2023: Insurgent control in Burkina Faso
In 2023, following the murder of a Catholic priest, Bishop Laurent Dabiré reported that around 50% of Burkina Faso was under Islamist control, indicating a significant territorial loss for the government.
January 2024: French Removed as Official Language
Burkina Faso made a significant linguistic shift in January 2024 by removing French as an official language, transitioning it to a working language alongside English.
January 2024: Burkina Faso Exits ECOWAS and African Union
On January 18, 2024, Burkina Faso announced its withdrawal from ECOWAS and the African Union.
August 2024: JNIM Launches Deadly Attack in Barsalogho
On August 25th, 2024, the Islamist militant group JNIM (Group for the Support of Islam and Muslims) carried out a major attack in the Barsalogho region, resulting in the deaths of at least 400 people.
2030: World Bank's Goal to End Extreme Poverty
The year 2030 marks the ambitious target set by the World Bank to eradicate extreme poverty globally, demonstrating its commitment to sustainable development and poverty reduction.
2030: Target Year for Food and Nutrition Security
This year represents the target set by the Burkina Faso government and supported by the WFP to achieve sustainable food and nutrition security through strengthened national and local capacities.
