Denver is the capital and most populous city of Colorado, situated on the western edge of the High Plains, east of the Rocky Mountains' Front Range. With a population of 715,522 in 2020, it ranks as the 19th-most populous U.S. city. The Denver metropolitan area, home to over 3.05 million residents, is the 19th-largest in the nation and serves as the economic and cultural hub for the Front Range Urban Corridor.
In 1900, the white population represented 96.8% of Denver's population.
In 1901, a bill was introduced in the legislature proposing a state constitutional amendment to allow home rule for Denver and other municipalities.
In 1902, Denver City consolidated with Arapahoe County. Denver City served as the Arapahoe County Seat from 1861 until consolidation in 1902.
In 1902, voters approved a statewide referendum, leading to the creation of the City and County of Denver, separating it from Arapahoe and Adams counties.
From 1904 to 1912 and again from 1916 to 1918, Robert Speer served as Denver's mayor and expanded and beautified the city's parks.
Denver first hosted the landmark Democratic National Convention in 1908.
In 1908, Denver hosted the Democratic National Convention, which promoted the city.
In 1908, Denver's Municipal Auditorium hosted the Democratic National Convention, now known as the Ellie Caulkins Opera House.
In 1910, Samsonite began in Denver as Shwayder Trunk Manufacturing Company.
In 1911, Qwest Corporation, now part of Lumen Technologies, was founded in Denver as Mountain States Telephone & Telegraph Company.
From 1916 to 1918 and previously from 1904 to 1912, Robert Speer served as Denver's mayor and expanded and beautified the city's parks.
In 1919, The Gates Corporation, the world's largest producer of automotive belts and hoses, was established in S. Denver.
Benjamin F. Stapleton served as the mayor of Denver from 1923 to 1931 and then again from 1935 to 1947.
In 1923, Russell Stover Candies made its first chocolate candy in Denver.
Amid heavy criticism, construction of Denver Municipal Airport, later renamed Stapleton International Airport, began in 1929.
Benjamin F. Stapleton served as the mayor of Denver from 1923 to 1931 and then again from 1935 to 1947.
Since 1933, the Democratic party has been in control of the Colorado's 1st congressional district for all but two terms.
Benjamin F. Stapleton served as the mayor of Denver from 1935 to 1947 and previously from 1923 to 1931.
On October 31, 1937, Continental Airlines, now United Airlines, moved its headquarters to Stapleton Airport in Denver from El Paso, Texas.
Benjamin F. Stapleton served as the mayor of Denver from 1935 to 1947 and previously from 1923 to 1931.
In 1947, Amanda Knecht, a teacher at East High School, visited World War II–ravaged Brest.
Denver's relationship with Brest, France, began in 1948, making it the second-oldest sister city in the United States.
In 1950, the original Frontier Airlines began operations at Denver's old Stapleton International Airport.
In 1953, the Rocky Flats Plant began producing fissile plutonium "pits" for nuclear warheads about 15 miles from Denver.
Since 1954, Scott's Liquid Gold, Inc., has been making furniture polish in Denver.
In 1957, a major fire at the Rocky Flats Plant resulted in contamination of parts of Denver with plutonium-239.
Between 1958 and 1968, leakage from nuclear waste stored at the Rocky Flats Plant led to plutonium-239 contamination in some areas of Denver.
In 1958, Village Inn restaurants began as a single pancake house in Denver.
In 1962, Big O Tires, LLC, of Centennial opened its first franchise in Denver.
Since the 1963 municipal election, the mayor's office in Denver has been consistently occupied by a Democrat.
In 1966, Lowry Air Force Base ceased flight operations.
In 1967, the Denver Nuggets joined the American Basketball Association.
Between 1958 and 1968, leakage from nuclear waste stored at the Rocky Flats Plant led to plutonium-239 contamination in some areas of Denver.
In March 1969, the Crusade for Justice hosted the First National Chicano Youth Liberation Conference in Denver.
In 1970, Denver established a system of neighborhood boundaries and names that remains largely unchanged.
In 1970, Denver was selected to host the 1976 Winter Olympics.
In 1970, John A. Love was the last Republican to win Denver in a gubernatorial election by a narrow majority.
Since 1970, the Denver Broncos have sold out every home game (except for strike-replacement games).
In 1971, The Shane Company sold its first diamond jewelry in Denver.
Denver hosted the Libertarian Party of the United States National Convention in 1972. Tonie Nathan was nominated for vice president, the first woman, as well as the first Jew, to receive an electoral vote in a United States presidential election.
In 1972, Johns Manville Corp., a manufacturer of insulation and roofing products, relocated its headquarters to Denver from New York.
In 1973, Re/Max made Denver its headquarters.
Starting in 1974, Denver and surrounding areas began rehabilitating the urban South Platte River and its tributaries for recreational use.
In 1975, Richard Lamm, who led the movement against hosting the 1976 Winter Olympics, was elected as Colorado governor.
Denver was selected to host the 1976 Winter Olympics but withdrew, becoming the first city to back out after winning the bid. So, in 1976, Denver was not the host city for the Winter Olympics.
From 1976 to 1982, Denver was home to the Colorado Rockies of the National Hockey League.
In 1980, CH2M Hill, an engineering and construction firm, relocated from Oregon to the Denver Technological Center.
In 1980, construction of SH 470 was delayed until state and local legislation was passed after funding was redirected to complete conversion of downtown Denver's 16th Street to a pedestrian mall.
Denver hosted the Libertarian Party of the United States National Convention in 1981.
From 1981 to 1989, the prime time drama Dynasty was set in Denver (although the show was mostly filmed in Los Angeles).
From 1981-2010, Denver's average snowfall was established as 53.5 inches (136 cm).
In 1981, a study linked plutonium contamination to an increase in birth defects and cancer incidence in central Denver and near Rocky Flats.
In 1981, the price of oil reached $34 a barrel, contributing to an energy boom in Denver.
In July 1982, Denver hosted the World Theatre Festival at the Denver Center for Performing Arts, which comprised 114 performances of 18 plays by theatre companies from 13 countries across 25 days.
From 1976 to 1982, Denver was home to the Colorado Rockies of the National Hockey League, before they moved to the New York metropolitan area to become the New Jersey Devils.
During his 1984 landslide, William L. Armstrong was the last Republican Senator to carry Denver.
Since 1984, Denver has consistently supported a Democrat for president in every election. In 1984, Walter Mondale won Denver despite Ronald Reagan's national landslide.
In 1986, the price of oil dropped to $9 a barrel, causing an economic downturn in Denver.
In 1987, MediaNews Group purchased the Denver Post; the company is based in Denver.
On June 15, 1988, an F3 tornado struck 4.4 miles (7.1 km) south of downtown Denver.
In 1988, voters in the Denver Metropolitan Area approved the Scientific and Cultural Facilities Tax (SCFD).
From 1981 to 1989, the prime time drama Dynasty was set in Denver (although the show was mostly filmed in Los Angeles).
In 1989, the Rocky Flats Plant ceased Plutonium "pits" Production.
On July 11, 1990, Denver experienced one of the costliest hailstorms in U.S. history.
From August 10–15, 1993, Denver hosted the Catholic Church's 6th World Youth Day, attended by an estimated 500,000 people.
In 1993, the Colorado Rockies were created as an expansion franchise.
In 1994, Frontier Airlines was reincarnated at DIA.
In 1994, Lowry Air Force Base officially closed.
In 1994, Victoria Buckley, then Secretary of State, was the last statewide Republican officeholder to carry Denver by a 1.2% margin.
In 1994, the Scientific and Cultural Facilities Tax (SCFD) was renewed by voters.
Denver International Airport (DIA) opened in 1995, serving as the primary airport for the Front Range Urban Corridor.
In 1995, Coors Field opened.
In 1995, the Colorado Avalanche joined Denver after relocating from Quebec City.
Stapleton International Airport was closed in 1995 when it was replaced by Denver International Airport (DIA).
In 1996, the Colorado Avalanche won their first Stanley Cup while in Denver.
Denver hosted the G7 summit between June 20 and 22 in 1997.
From 1998 to 2002 the city's Alameda East Veterinary Hospital was home to the Animal Planet series Emergency Vets, which spun off three documentary specials and the current Animal Planet series E-Vet Interns.
In 1998, the Denver Broncos won back-to-back Super Bowl titles.
Since 1999, both the Colorado Avalanche and the Denver Nuggets have played at Ball Arena (formerly known as Pepsi Center).
Denver hosted the 2000 National Convention of the Green Party.
In 2001, Samsonite closed its NE Denver factory.
In 2001, The Denver Post and the Rocky Mountain News merged operations under a joint operating agreement that formed the Denver Newspaper Agency.
In 2001, the Greenway project along the South Platte River won the Silver Medal Rudy Bruner Award for Urban Excellence, recognizing it as one of the best urban reclamation projects in the U.S.
From 1998 to 2002 the city's Alameda East Veterinary Hospital was home to the Animal Planet series Emergency Vets, which spun off three documentary specials and the current Animal Planet series E-Vet Interns.
In 2002, Bill Owens was the last Republican governor to receive at least 40% of Denver's vote.
In 2004, the Scientific and Cultural Facilities Tax (SCFD) was renewed by voters, allowing it to operate until 2018.
In 2004, the city acquired the estate of abstract expressionist painter Clyfford Still and built a museum to exhibit his works near the Denver Art Museum.
In 2004, voters approved the FasTracks commuter rail, light rail, and bus expansion project to serve neighboring suburbs and communities.
In 2005, Denver became the first major U.S. city to vote to make the private possession of less than an ounce of marijuana legal for adults 21 and older.
In 2005, Molson Coors Brewing Company established its U.S. headquarters in Denver.
In 2005, a $310.7 million expansion of the Colorado Convention Center was completed, doubling its size.
On November 17, 2006, the Transportation Expansion Project (T-REX) was completed, which expanded highway lanes, improved highway access and drainage, and included a light rail line from downtown to Lincoln Avenue.
As of 2006, Denver boasted over 200 parks and 29 recreation centers, offering various recreational opportunities for residents.
In 2006, Denver established a Major League Lacrosse team, the Denver Outlaws and Colorado Mammoth won championships.
In 2006, Denver was recognized for the third year in a row as the best city for singles.
In 2006, Samsonite moved its headquarters to Massachusetts after a change of ownership.
Dick's Sporting Goods Park, home of the Colorado Rapids, opened for the 2007 MLS season in the Denver suburb of Commerce City.
In 2007, the Colorado Rockies advanced to the playoffs, won the NL Championship Series, and brought the World Series to Denver for the first time but were swept in four games by the Boston Red Sox.
In the fourth quarter of 2007, Denver passed an initiative requiring the mayor to appoint an 11-member review panel to monitor the city's compliance with the 2005 ordinance that legalized marijuana possession.
Denver hosted the 2008 Democratic National Convention, marking the centennial of the city's first hosting of the landmark 1908 convention.
In February 2009, the E. W. Scripps Company closed the Rocky Mountain News.
On March 29, 2009, the Ski Train, which took passengers between Denver and the Winter Park Ski Resort, made its final run to Winter Park.
On July 20, 2009, Denver experienced one of the costliest hailstorms in U.S. history.
According to the 2009–2010 rankings from Nielsen Media Research, Denver was the 16th-largest market in the country for television.
According to the Fall 2009 Arbitron ranking, the Denver–Boulder radio market was the No. 20 market in the United States.
In late April 2010, Denver launched B-Cycle, a citywide bicycle sharing program, which was the largest in the United States at the time of its launch.
As of August 2010, plutonium contamination was still present outside the former Rocky Flats Plant site.
According to the 2009–2010 rankings from Nielsen Media Research, Denver was the 16th-largest market in the country for television.
As of 2010, 72.28% of Denver residents aged five and older spoke only English at home, while 21.42% spoke Spanish.
From 1981-2010, Denver's average snowfall was established as 53.5 inches (136 cm).
From 2010 onward, the Downtown region has seen increased real estate investment with the construction of several new skyscrapers and major development around Denver Union Station.
In 2010, B-Cycle, Denver's citywide bicycle sharing program, was launched and became the largest in the United States at the time, boasting 400 bicycles.
In 2010, Denver adopted a comprehensive update of its zoning code to guide development as envisioned in adopted plans.
According to data from the 2011 American Community Survey, Denver ranks 6th among US cities with populations over 400,000 in terms of the percentage of workers who commute by bicycle at 2.2% of commuters.
According to the Spring 2011 Arbitron ranking, the Denver–Boulder radio market was the No. 19 market in the United States.
In 2011, Denver had a homeless rate of 19 per 10,000 residents, considerably lower than many other major cities.
In April 2012, the state history museum, History Colorado Center, opened. It features hands-on and interactive exhibits, artifacts and programs about Colorado history.
On October 3, 2012, the University of Denver hosted the first of the three 2012 presidential debates.
In April 2013, the W Line, or West line, opened serving Golden/Federal Center as part of the FasTracks expansion.
In 2013, Continental merged with United Airlines after Continental moved to Houston from Denver.
In 2013, History Colorado Center was named by True West Magazine as one of the top-ten "must see" history museums in the country.
In 2013, the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area had an estimated population of 2,697,476 and the larger Denver–Aurora–Boulder Combined Statistical Area had an estimated population of 3,277,309.
According to a report in the Journal of the American Medical Association, residents of Denver had a 2014 life expectancy of 80.02 years.
As of 2014, The Weather Channel ranked Denver the 18th-coldest major U.S. city.
B-Cycle ridership peaked in 2014, then steadily declined. The program announced it would cease operations at the end of January 2020.
In 2014, the Denver Outlaws won their first championship eight years after establishment.
In 2015, 9.6 percent of Denver households lacked a car.
In 2015, Denver ranked No. 1 on Forbes' list of the Best Places for Business and Careers.
In 2015, a new commuter railway system commenced operations in the Denver metropolitan area with a network operation of 25 kV 60 Hz.
In April 2016, the commuter rail A Line from Denver Union Station to Denver International Airport opened, exceeding early ridership expectations.
In November 2016, Denver's unemployment rate was 2.6%, one of the lowest in the nation.
As of December 2016, the unemployment rate for the Denver–Aurora–Broomfield MSA is 2.6%.
In 2016, 9.4 percent of Denver households lacked a car, compared to the national average of 8.7 percent. Denver averaged 1.62 cars per household, while the national average was 1.8.
In 2016, Ballot issue 4B won approval to extend the SCFD sales tax until 2030.
In 2016, the Denver Outlaws won a championship.
In 2016, the Ski Train service was revived on a trial basis with local fanfare.
On May 8, 2017, Denver experienced one of the costliest hailstorms in U.S. history.
In 2017, Denver International Airport was rated by Skytrax as the 28th-best airport in the world and second-best in the United States.
In 2017, Walk Score ranked Denver twenty-sixth among 108 U.S. cities with a population of 200,000 or greater.
In 2017, the Ski Train returned to service under Amtrak as the "Winter Park Express".
On June 28, 2018, Denver reached an extreme high temperature of 105°F (41°C).
In 2018, Chipotle Mexican Grill moved its headquarters to Newport Beach, California.
In 2018, electric scooter services like LimeBike and Bird began placing scooters in Denver. Uber's Jump e-bikes arrived in late August, followed by Lyft's electric scooter launch in early September.
In 2018, the Denver Bandits were established as the first professional football team for women in Colorado.
In 2018, the Denver Outlaws won a championship.
The Scientific and Cultural Facilities Tax (SCFD) was allowed to operate until 2018.
On April 26, 2019, the G Line to Arvada opened.
In May 2019, Denver became the first U.S. city to decriminalize psilocybin mushrooms, prohibiting the city from using resources to prosecute adults over 21 for personal use.
In July 2019, Mayor Hancock announced that Denver would not assist U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents with immigration raids.
A 2019 analysis showed the average temperature at Denver International Airport, 50.2 °F (10 °C), was significantly cooler than downtown, 53.0 °F (12 °C).
In 2019, Molson Coors Brewing Company announced its departure from Denver.
In 2019, the Denver Bandits were a part of the initial season for the Women's National Football Conference (WNFC).
In the pre-pandemic year of 2019, Denver International Airport had the 5th highest number of passengers in the U.S., with 61 million.
The 2019 "Denver Moves: Pedestrians" plan outlines a need for approximate $1.3 billion in sidewalk funding, plus $400 million for trails.
B-Cycle ceased operations at the end of January 2020. The city announced plans to seek one or more new contractors to run a bike-share program starting mid-2020.
On September 21, 2020, the N Line to Commerce City and Thornton opened.
According to the 2020 United States census, the racial composition of Denver was recorded.
According to the 2020 census, the City and County of Denver contained 715,522 people and 301,501 households.
As of the 2020 census, the population of the City and County of Denver was 715,522, making it the 19th most populous U.S. city.
At the 2020 United States census, the City and County of Denver had an area of 99,025 acres (400.739 km2), including 1,057 acres (4.276 km2) of water.
During the George Floyd protests in 2020, the Stapleton neighborhood was renamed Central Park due to Stapleton's racism and membership in the Ku Klux Klan.
In 2020, the Stapleton neighborhood's community association voted to change the name to Central Park.
In 2021, Denver International Airport was the 3rd busiest airport in the world with 58.8 million passengers.
In the 2021 winter season, Denver began the month of December without any snowfall for the first time in history.
On December 22, 2022, Denver experienced a low temperature of -24°F (-31°C), with a wind chill of -40°F (-40°C).
In 2022, Denver explored a potential bid for the Winter Olympics, but no bid was submitted.
In 2022, Denver voters passed Initiative 307, dubbed "Denver Deserves Sidewalks", to complete sidewalk construction and repair.
In 2022, Psilocybin mushrooms were legalized in the state of Colorado.
In 2022, the Colorado Mammoth of the National Lacrosse League won championships.
In 2022, the Park Score by the Trust for Public Land ranked Denver's park system as the 18th best among the 50 most populous U.S. cities, noting that 89% of Denverites live within a 10-minute walk of a park.
As of 2023, Front Range Passenger Rail is a current proposal to link the cities from Pueblo in the south, north to Fort Collins and possibly to Cheyenne, Wyoming.
As of the city's 2023 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, Denver's top employers are:
The Denver MSA had a gross metropolitan product of $311.9 billion in 2023, making it the 18th largest metro economy in the United States.
In 2024, Denver based Ibotta's initial public offering (IPO) was the largest tech IPO in Colorado's history.
In 2024, greatly expanded service for the Winter Park Express was planned for the 2024-2025 ski season.
In 2024, the League of American Bicyclists rated Colorado as the sixth most bicycle-friendly state in the nation.
In 2025, Denver was awarded a National Women's Soccer League team called Denver Summit FC.
In 2025, greatly expanded service for the Winter Park Express was planned for the 2024-2025 ski season.
The SCFD sales tax was extended until 2030.
The commuter rail connection to Boulder and Longmont (B Line) is planned to be finished by RTD, but no construction funds have yet been identified prior to 2040.
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