Denver is the capital and most populous city of Colorado, situated in the South Platte River Valley, west of the High Plains and east of the Rocky Mountains' Front Range. With a population exceeding 715,000 in 2020, it ranks as the 19th most populous U.S. city and a rapidly growing state capital. As the core of the Denver Metropolitan area (over 3 million people), Denver serves as the economic and cultural hub for the broader Front Range, encompassing a population of over 5 million.
In 1900, whites represented 96.8% of Denver's population.
In 1901, a bill was introduced in the legislature proposing a state constitutional amendment to allow home rule for Denver and other municipalities.
In 1902, voters approved a statewide referendum. On December 1 that year, Governor James Orman proclaimed the amendment part of the state's fundamental law and the City and County of Denver came into being.
From 1904 to 1912, Robert Speer served his first term as mayor, initiating efforts to expand and beautify Denver's parks during the City Beautiful movement.
In 1908, Denver hosted the Democratic National Convention.
In 1908, Denver hosted the Democratic National Convention.
In 1910, Samsonite began in Denver as Shwayder Trunk Manufacturing Company.
In 1911, Qwest Corporation was founded in Denver as Mountain States Telephone & Telegraph Company.
From 1916 to 1918, Robert Speer served his second term as mayor, continuing efforts to expand and beautify Denver's parks during the City Beautiful movement.
In 1919, The Gates Corporation, was established in S. Denver.
In 1923, Benjamin F. Stapleton began his first term as mayor of Denver, serving until 1931.
In 1923, Russell Stover Candies made its first chocolate candy in Denver.
In 1929, construction began on the Denver Municipal Airport, later renamed Stapleton International Airport.
In 1931, Benjamin F. Stapleton's first term as mayor of Denver concluded.
Since 1933, Colorado's 1st congressional district, centered in Denver, has been in Democratic hands for all but two terms.
In 1935, Benjamin F. Stapleton began his second term as mayor of Denver, which lasted until 1947.
On October 31, 1937, Continental Airlines, now United Airlines, moved its headquarters to Stapleton Airport in Denver, Colorado, arranged by Robert F. Six from El Paso, Texas.
In 1947, Benjamin F. Stapleton's second term as mayor of Denver concluded.
In 1948, Denver's relationship with Brest, France, began, making it the second-oldest sister city in the United States.
In 1950, the original Frontier Airlines began operations at Denver's old Stapleton International Airport.
From 1953, the Rocky Flats Plant produced fissile plutonium "pits" for nuclear warheads.
Since 1954, Scott's Liquid Gold, Inc., has been making furniture polish in Denver.
In 1957, a major fire at the Rocky Flats Plant resulted in the contamination of some parts of Denver with plutonium-239.
Between 1958 and 1968, leakage from nuclear waste stored at the Rocky Flats Plant resulted in the contamination of some parts of Denver with plutonium-239.
In 1958, Village Inn restaurants began as a single pancake house in Denver.
In 1962, Big O Tires, LLC, of Centennial opened its first franchise in Denver.
Since the 1963 municipal election, the mayor's office in Denver has been occupied by a Democrat.
In 1966, Lowry Air Force Base ceased flight operations.
In 1967, the Denver Nuggets joined the American Basketball Association.
Between 1958 and 1968, leakage from nuclear waste stored at the Rocky Flats Plant resulted in the contamination of some parts of Denver with plutonium-239, which ended in 1968.
In March 1969, the Crusade for Justice hosted the First National Chicano Youth Liberation Conference in Denver.
In 1970, Denver was selected to host the 1976 Winter Olympics.
In 1970, John A. Love was the last Republican to win Denver in a gubernatorial election, securing a narrow majority.
Since 1970, the Denver Broncos have sold out every home game (except for strike-replacement games).
The system of neighborhood boundaries and names dates to 1970 when city planners divided the city into 73 groups of one to four census tracts.
In 1971, The Shane Company sold its first diamond jewelry in Denver.
In November 1972, Colorado voters struck down ballot initiatives allocating public funds to pay for the high costs of the 1976 Winter Olympics.
In 1972, Denver hosted the Libertarian Party of the United States National Convention, notable for nominating Tonie Nathan for vice president.
In 1972, Johns Manville Corp., a manufacturer of insulation and roofing products, relocated its headquarters to Denver from New York.
In 1973 Re/Max made Denver its headquarters.
Since 1974, Denver and surrounding jurisdictions have worked to rehabilitate the urban South Platte River and its tributaries for recreational use.
In 1976, Denver withdrew from hosting the Winter Olympics after winning the bid, making it the first city to back out after winning its bid.
The 1976 Winter Olympics were supposed to be held in Denver, but after voters struck down ballot initiatives allocating public funds to pay for the high costs of the games, they were moved to Innsbruck, Austria.
In 1980, CH2M Hill, an engineering and construction firm, relocated from Oregon to the Denver Technological Center.
In 1980, construction of SH 470 was delayed until after state and local legislation was passed, after federal highway funds were redirected to complete conversion of downtown Denver's 16th Street to a pedestrian mall.
From 1981 to 1989, the prime time drama Dynasty was set in Denver.
In 1981, Denver also hosted the Libertarian Party of the United States National Convention.
In 1981, Jefferson County health director Carl Johnson linked contamination from the Rocky Flats Plant to an increase in birth defects and cancer incidence.
In 1981, the price of oil dropped from $34 a barrel.
The snowfall average is calculated from 1981-2010.
In July 1982, Denver hosted the World Theatre Festival at the Denver Center for Performing Arts.
In 1984, William L. Armstrong was the last Republican Senator to carry Denver during his landslide victory.
In 1984, despite Ronald Reagan's national landslide, Democrat Walter Mondale won Denver by 2.32%.
In 1986, when the price of oil dropped to $9 a barrel, the Denver economy also dropped, leaving almost 15,000 oil industry workers in the area unemployed.
In 1987, MediaNews Group purchased the Denver Post; the company is based in Denver.
On June 15, 1988, an F3 tornado struck 4.4 miles (7.1 km) south of downtown Denver.
In 1988, voters in the Denver Metropolitan Area approved the Scientific and Cultural Facilities Tax (SCFD).
From 1981 to 1989, the prime time drama Dynasty was set in Denver.
The Rocky Flats Plant ended its operation in 1989.
On July 11, 1990, Denver had one of the top 10 costliest hailstorms in U.S. history.
In 1993, the Colorado Rockies were created as an expansion franchise.
On August 10–15, 1993, Denver hosted the Catholic Church's 6th World Youth Day, which was attended by an estimated 500,000.
In 1994, Frontier was reincarnated at DIA.
In 1994, Lowry Air Force Base officially closed.
In 1994, Secretary of State Victoria Buckley became the last statewide Republican officeholder to carry Denver by a 1.2% margin.
In 1994, the Scientific and Cultural Facilities Tax (SCFD) was renewed by voters.
In 1995, Coors Field opened.
In 1995, Denver International Airport (DIA) opened, serving as the primary airport for the Front Range Urban Corridor.
In 1995, Stapleton International Airport was closed when it was replaced by DIA.
In 1995, the Colorado Avalanche joined after relocating from Quebec City.
Denver hosted the G7 summit between June 20 and 22 in 1997.
From 1998 to 2002 the city's Alameda East Veterinary Hospital was home to the Animal Planet series Emergency Vets.
Since 1999, the Avalanche and Nuggets have both played at Ball Arena (formerly known as Pepsi Center).
In 2000, Denver hosted the National Convention of the Green Party.
In 2001, Samsonite closed its NE Denver factory.
In 2001, The Denver Post and the Rocky Mountain News merged operations under a joint operating agreement.
In 2001, the South Platte River Greenway project won the Silver Medal Rudy Bruner Award for Urban Excellence.
From 1998 to 2002 the city's Alameda East Veterinary Hospital was home to the Animal Planet series Emergency Vets.
In 2002, Bill Owens remains the last Republican governor to receive at least 40% of Denver's vote.
In 2004, the Scientific and Cultural Facilities Tax (SCFD) was renewed by voters.
In 2004, the city acquired the estate of abstract expressionist painter Clyfford Still.
In 2004, voters approved the FasTracks project for commuter rail, light rail, and bus expansion.
In 2005, Denver became the first major U.S. city to vote to make the private possession of less than an ounce of marijuana legal for adults 21 and older.
In 2005, Molson Coors Brewing Company established its U.S. headquarters in Denver.
In 2005, a $310.7 million expansion of the Colorado Convention Center was completed, doubling its size.
On November 17, 2006, the Transportation Expansion Project (T-REX) was completed, which expanded highway lanes and introduced a light rail line from downtown to the south end of the metro area.
As of 2006, Denver had over 200 parks, ranging from small pocket parks to the large City Park, and 29 recreation centers.
In 2006, Denver established a Major League Lacrosse team, the Denver Outlaws, and the Colorado Mammoth of the National Lacrosse League also won a championship.
In 2006, Denver was recognized for the third year in a row as the best city for singles.
In 2006, Samsonite moved its headquarters to Massachusetts after a change of ownership.
In 2007, Denver required the mayor to appoint a review panel to monitor the city's compliance with the 2005 marijuana ordinance.
In 2007, Dick's Sporting Goods Park opened for the MLS season.
In 2007, the Colorado Rockies advanced to the World Series but were swept by the Boston Red Sox.
In 2008, Denver hosted the Democratic National Convention, marking the centennial of the city's first hosting of the convention.
In 2008, Denver hosted the Democratic National Convention.
In February 2009, the E. W. Scripps Company closed the Rocky Mountain News newspaper.
On March 29, 2009, the Ski Train made its final run to Winter Park.
On July 20, 2009, Denver had one of the top 10 costliest hailstorms in U.S. history.
According to the 2009-2010 rankings from Nielsen Media Research, Denver is the 16th-largest market in the country for television.
In the fall of 2009, the Denver-Boulder radio market was ranked as the No. 20 market in the United States according to Arbitron.
In late April 2010, Denver launched B-Cycle, a citywide bicycle sharing program which was the largest in the United States at the time.
As of August 2010, Plutonium contamination was still present outside the former Rocky Flats Plant site.
According to the 2009-2010 rankings from Nielsen Media Research, Denver is the 16th-largest market in the country for television.
As of 2010, 72.28% of Denver residents aged five and older spoke only English at home, while 21.42% spoke Spanish.
From 2010 onward, the Downtown region has seen increased real estate investment with the construction of several new skyscrapers and major development around Denver Union Station.
In 2010, B-Cycle – Denver's citywide bicycle sharing program – was launched, boasting 400 bicycles.
In 2010, Denver adopted a comprehensive update of its zoning code.
The 2010 census served as a baseline for comparison, with Denver experiencing a 19.22% population increase by 2020.
The snowfall average is calculated from 1981-2010.
According to data from the 2011 American Community Survey, Denver ranked 6th among US cities with populations over 400,000 in terms of the percentage of workers who commute by bicycle at 2.2% of commuters.
In 2011, Denver's homeless rate was 19 per 10,000 residents, which is lower than many other major cities.
In 2011, the Denver-Boulder radio market was ranked as the No. 19 market in the United States according to Arbitron.
In April 2012, the state history museum, History Colorado Center, opened.
On October 3, 2012, the University of Denver hosted the first of the three 2012 presidential debates.
In April 2013, the W Line of the FasTracks project, also known as the West Line, opened serving Golden/Federal Center.
In 2013, Continental, which had moved to Houston from Denver, merged with United Airlines.
In 2013, True West Magazine named History Colorado Center as one of the top-ten "must see" history museums in the country.
In 2013, the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area had an estimated population of 2,697,476.
According to a report in the Journal of the American Medical Association, residents of Denver had a 2014 life expectancy of 80.02 years.
As of 2014, Weather Channel ranked Denver the 18th-coldest major U.S. city.
In 2014, B-Cycle ridership peaked, then steadily declined.
In 2014, the Denver Outlaws won their first championship eight years after being established.
In 2015, 9.6 percent of Denver households lacked a car.
In 2015, Denver ranked No. 1 on Forbes' list of the Best Places for Business and Careers.
In 2015, a new commuter railway system commenced operations in the Denver metropolitan area with a network operation of 25 kV 60 Hz.
In April 2016, the commuter rail A Line from Denver Union Station to Denver International Airport opened.
In November 2016, Denver's unemployment rate recovered and had one of the lowest unemployment rates in the nation at 2.6%.
As of December 2016, the unemployment rate for the Denver–Aurora–Broomfield MSA is 2.6%.
In 2016, 9.4 percent of Denver households lacked a car, and the city averaged 1.62 cars per household.
In 2016, Ballot issue 4B won approval to extend the SCFD sales tax until 2030.
In 2016, Denver was named the best place to live in the United States by U.S. News & World Report.
In 2016, the Denver Outlaws won another championship.
In February 2017, the light rail R Line through Aurora opened as part of the FasTracks project.
On May 8, 2017, Denver had one of the top 10 costliest hailstorms in U.S. history.
In 2017, Denver International Airport was rated by Skytrax as the 28th-best airport in the world.
In 2017, Walk Score ranked Denver twenty-sixth among 108 U.S. cities with a population of 200,000 or greater, highlighting concerns about gaps in the sidewalk network.
In 2017, the Colorado legislature reinvigorated studies of passenger rail service along the Front Range.
In 2017, the Ski Train returned to service under Amtrak as the "Winter Park Express".
On June 28, 2018, Denver's temperature reached 105 °F (41 °C).
In 2018, Chipotle Mexican Grill was founded in Denver, but moved its headquarters to Newport Beach, California.
In 2018, electric scooter services like LimeBike and Bird appeared in Denver, leading to the creation of an official program with regulations. Jump e-bikes and Lyft scooters followed.
In 2018, the Denver Bandits were established as the first professional women's football team in Colorado.
In 2018, the Denver Outlaws won another championship.
The Scientific and Cultural Facilities Tax (SCFD) operated until 2018.
On April 26, 2019, the G Line to Arvada opened as part of the FasTracks project.
In May 2019, Denver became the first U.S. city to decriminalize psilocybin mushrooms, prohibiting the city from prosecuting adults over 21 for personal use.
In July 2019, Mayor Hancock announced that Denver would not assist U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents with immigration raids.
A 2019 analysis showed the average temperature at Denver International Airport, 50.2 °F (10 °C), was significantly cooler than downtown, 53.0 °F (12 °C).
In 2019, Molson Coors Brewing Company announced its departure from Denver.
In 2019, the Denver Bandits were scheduled to participate in the initial season for the Women's National Football Conference (WNFC).
In the pre-pandemic year of 2019, Denver International Airport (DIA) had the 5th highest number of passengers in the U.S. with 61 million.
The 2019 "Denver Moves: Pedestrians" plan outlined a need for approximately $1.3 billion in sidewalk funding, plus $400 million for trails.
At the end of January 2020, Denver's B-Cycle program ceased operations, with plans for a new bike-share program in mid-2020.
On September 21, 2020, the N Line to Commerce City and Thornton opened as part of the FasTracks project.
According to the 2020 United States census, the racial composition of Denver was recorded.
According to the 2020 census, the City and County of Denver contained 715,522 people and 301,501 households.
As of the 2020 census, Denver had a population of 715,522, marking a 19.22% increase since 2010.
At the 2020 United States census, the City and County of Denver had an area of 99,025 acres (400.739 km), including 1,057 acres (4.276 km) of water.
In 2020, the 10-county Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 2,963,821 and the 12-county Denver–Aurora, CO Combined Statistical Area had a population of 3,623,560.
In 2020, the Stapleton neighborhood was renamed Central Park due to Stapleton's racism.
In 2020, the Stapleton neighborhood's community association voted to change the name from Stapleton to Central Park.
In 2021, Denver International Airport (DIA) was the 3rd busiest airport in the world with 58.8 million passengers.
In the 2021 winter season, Denver began the month of December without any snowfall for the first time in history.
On December 22, 2022, Denver experienced a low of −24 °F (−31 °C), with a wind chill of −40 °F (−40 °C).
As of 2022, Denver's park system was ranked the 18th best among the 50 most populous U.S. cities by the Trust for Public Land, with 89% of residents living within a 10-minute walk of a park.
In 2022, Denver explored a potential bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics, but no bid was submitted.
In 2022, Denver voters passed Initiative 307, "Denver Deserves Sidewalks", to complete sidewalk construction and repair by shifting responsibility for sidewalk maintenance from property owners to the city and imposing a new fee on property owners.
In 2022, the Colorado Mammoth of the National Lacrosse League won a championship.
As of 2023, Front Range Passenger Rail is a current proposal to link the cities from Pueblo in the south, north to Fort Collins and possibly to Cheyenne, Wyoming.
As of the city's 2023 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, Denver's top employers are listed.
In 2023, the Denver MSA had a gross metropolitan product of $311.9 billion, ranking it as the 18th largest metro economy in the United States. The 12-County Denver–Aurora, CO Combined Statistical Area had a GDP of $377.7 billion in 2023, while the broader Front Range had a GDP of $474.6 billion.
In 2023, the Denver Nuggets won their first NBA championship.
In 2024, Denver based Ibotta's initial public offering (IPO) was the largest tech IPO in Colorado's history.
In 2024, the League of American Bicyclists rated Colorado as the sixth most bicycle-friendly state in the nation.
Service for the Winter Park Express greatly expanded service for the 2024-2025 ski season, doubling capacity and increasing service to run Thursday-Monday during the winter ski seasons.
In 2025, Denver was awarded a National Women's Soccer League team.
Service for the Winter Park Express greatly expanded service for the 2024-2025 ski season, doubling capacity and increasing service to run Thursday-Monday during the winter ski seasons.
The SCFD sales tax was extended until 2030.
The commuter rail connection to Boulder and Longmont, which is an extension of the B Line, is planned to be finished by RTD by 2040, but no construction funds have yet been identified.
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