Denver, the capital and most populous city of Colorado, is a consolidated city and county situated in the South Platte River valley, east of the Rocky Mountains' Front Range. With a population of over 715,000 in 2020, it ranks as the 19th-most populous city in the United States. The Denver metropolitan area, encompassing ten counties, boasts 3.1 million residents and serves as the economic and cultural hub for the extensive Front Range Urban Corridor.
In 1901, a bill proposing a state constitutional amendment to allow home rule for Denver and other municipalities was introduced and passed in the legislature.
In 1902, voters approved a statewide referendum, and on December 1, Denver became the City and County of Denver, separating from Arapahoe and Adams counties.
In 1904, Robert Speer began his first term as mayor of Denver and set out to expand and beautify the city's parks.
In 1908, Denver first hosted the landmark convention.
In 1908, Denver hosted the Democratic National Convention, promoting the city on the national stage.
In 1908, the Municipal Auditorium hosted the Democratic National Convention and is now known as the Ellie Caulkins Opera House.
In 1910, Samsonite began in Denver as Shwayder Trunk Manufacturing Company.
In 1911, Qwest Corporation was founded in Denver as Mountain States Telephone & Telegraph Company.
In 1916, Robert Speer began his second term as mayor of Denver and continued to expand and beautify the city's parks.
In 1919, The Gates Corporation, the world's largest producer of automotive belts and hoses, was established in S. Denver.
In 1923, Benjamin F. Stapleton began his first term as mayor of Denver.
In 1923, Russell Stover Candies made its first chocolate candy in Denver.
In 1929, construction of Denver Municipal Airport began under Mayor Benjamin F. Stapleton, amid criticism.
In 1931, Benjamin F. Stapleton's first term as mayor of Denver ended.
Since 1933, Colorado's 1st congressional district, which includes all of Denver and parts of Arapahoe County, has been in Democratic hands for all but two terms.
In 1935, Benjamin F. Stapleton began his second term as mayor of Denver.
On October 31, 1937, Continental Airlines, now United Airlines, moved its headquarters to Stapleton Airport in Denver from El Paso, Texas.
In 1947, Benjamin F. Stapleton's second term as mayor of Denver ended.
In 1948, Denver's sister city relationship with Brest, France, began, making it the second-oldest such relationship in the United States.
In 1950, the original Frontier Airlines began operations at Denver's old Stapleton International Airport.
In 1953, the Rocky Flats Plant, a DOE nuclear weapon facility, began producing fissile plutonium "pits" for nuclear warheads near Denver.
Since 1954, Scott's Liquid Gold, Inc., has been making furniture polish in Denver.
In 1957, a major fire at the Rocky Flats Plant resulted in the contamination of parts of Denver with plutonium-239.
From 1958 to 1968, leakage from nuclear waste stored at the Rocky Flats Plant further contaminated parts of Denver with plutonium-239.
In 1958, Village Inn restaurants began as a single pancake house in Denver.
In 1962, Big O Tires, LLC, of Centennial opened its first franchise in Denver.
Since the 1963 municipal election, the mayor's office in Denver has been occupied by a Democrat.
Lowry Air Force Base ceased flight operations in 1966.
From 1958 to 1968, leakage from nuclear waste stored at the Rocky Flats Plant further contaminated parts of Denver with plutonium-239.
In March 1969, the Crusade for Justice hosted the First National Chicano Youth Liberation Conference in Denver.
In 1969, Russell Stover Candies moved to Kansas City.
In 1970, Denver was selected to host the 1976 Winter Olympics.
In 1970, John A. Love was the last Republican to win Denver in a gubernatorial election, achieving a narrow majority.
In 1970, city planners divided the city into 73 groups of one to four census tracts, called "statistical neighborhoods", most of which are unchanged since then.
Since 1970, the Denver Broncos have sold out every home game (except for strike-replacement games).
In 1971, The Shane Company sold its first diamond jewelry in Denver.
In 1972, Denver hosted the Libertarian Party of the United States National Convention, notable for nominating Tonie Nathan for vice president.
In 1972, Denver withdrew its bid to host the 1976 Winter Olympics due to environmental concerns and voter opposition.
In 1972, Johns Manville Corp., a manufacturer of insulation and roofing products, relocated its headquarters to Denver from New York.
In 1973, Re/Max made Denver its headquarters.
Since 1974, Denver and surrounding areas have been rehabilitating the South Platte River and its tributaries for recreational use.
In 1975, Richard Lamm, who led the movement against hosting the Olympics, was elected as Colorado governor and served three terms.
Denver submitted the winning bid to host the 1976 Winter Olympics.
In 1976, Denver was originally scheduled to host the Winter Olympics, but declined due to funding issues after being selected.
Construction of SH 470 was delayed until 1980 after state and local legislation was passed due to federal highway funds being redirected.
In 1980, CH2M Hill, an engineering and construction firm, relocated from Oregon to the Denver Technological Center.
From 1981 the prime time drama Dynasty was set in Denver (although the show was mostly filmed in Los Angeles).
From 1981-2010, snowfall is common throughout the late fall, winter and early spring, averaging 53.5 inches (136 cm).
In 1981, Denver also hosted the Libertarian Party of the United States National Convention.
In 1981, a study by Jefferson County health director Carl Johnson linked plutonium contamination to an increase in birth defects and cancer incidence in central Denver.
In 1981, the price of oil dropped from $34 a barrel.
In July 1982, Denver hosted the World Theatre Festival at the Denver Center for Performing Arts, which comprised a program of 114 performances of 18 plays, by theatre companies from 13 countries, across 25 days.
Until 1982, the Colorado Rockies played, but later moved to the New York metropolitan area to become the New Jersey Devils.
Denver has supported a Democrat for president in every election since 1984. Despite then-president Ronald Reagan's landslide that year both nationally and in Colorado, Democrat Walter Mondale won Denver by a margin of 2.32%.
In 1984, William L. Armstrong was the last Republican Senator to carry Denver during his landslide victory.
In 1986, when the price of oil dropped to $9 a barrel, the Denver economy also dropped, leaving almost 15,000 oil industry workers in the area unemployed and the nation's highest office vacancy rate (30%).
In 1987, MediaNews Group purchased the Denver Post; the company is based in Denver.
On June 15, 1988, an F3 tornado struck 4.4 miles (7.1 km) south of downtown Denver.
In 1988, voters in the Denver Metropolitan Area approved the Scientific and Cultural Facilities Tax (SCFD), a 0.1% sales tax.
The Rocky Flats Plant, a DOE nuclear weapon facility near Denver producing fissile plutonium "pits", operated until 1989.
Until 1989 the prime time drama Dynasty was set in Denver (although the show was mostly filmed in Los Angeles).
On July 11, 1990, Denver had one of the top 10 costliest hailstorms in U.S. history.
From August 10-15, 1993, Denver hosted the Catholic Church's 6th World Youth Day, which was attended by an estimated 500,000 people.
In 1993, the Colorado Rockies were created as an expansion franchise.
In 1994, Frontier was reincarnated at DIA.
In 1994, Lowry Air Force Base officially closed.
In 1994, Victoria Buckley was the last statewide Republican officeholder to carry Denver by a 1.2% margin.
In 1994, the Scientific and Cultural Facilities Tax (SCFD) was renewed by voters.
Denver International Airport (DIA) opened in 1995, serving as the primary airport for the Front Range Urban Corridor.
In 1995, Coors Field opened and the Rockies advanced to the playoffs but were eliminated in the first round.
In 1995, The Colorado Avalanche joined, after relocating from Quebec City.
Stapleton International Airport closed in 1995 and was replaced by Denver International Airport.
In 1996, While in Denver, they Colorado Avalanche have won three Stanley Cups.
Denver hosted the G7 summit between June 20 and 22 in 1997.
From 1998 the city's Alameda East Veterinary Hospital was home to the Animal Planet series Emergency Vets, which spun off three documentary specials and the current Animal Planet series E-Vet Interns.
Since 1999, the Avalanche and Nuggets have both played at Ball Arena (formerly known as Pepsi Center).
In 2000, Denver hosted the National Convention of the Green Party.
In 2001, Samsonite closed its NE Denver factory.
In 2001, The Denver Post and the Rocky Mountain News merged operations under a joint operating agreement that formed the Denver Newspaper Agency.
In 2001, While in Denver, they Colorado Avalanche have won three Stanley Cups.
In 2001, the Greenway project along the South Platte River won the Silver Medal Rudy Bruner Award for Urban Excellence.
In 2002, Bill Owens remains the last Republican governor to receive at least 40% of Denver's vote.
Until 2002 the city's Alameda East Veterinary Hospital was home to the Animal Planet series Emergency Vets, which spun off three documentary specials and the current Animal Planet series E-Vet Interns.
In 2004, the Scientific and Cultural Facilities Tax (SCFD) was renewed by voters and allowed to operate until 2018.
In 2004, the city acquired the estate of abstract expressionist painter Clyfford Still and built a museum to exhibit his works near the Denver Art Museum.
In 2004, voters approved the FasTracks project, which included commuter rail, light rail, and bus expansion plans to serve Denver's suburbs and communities.
In 2005, Denver became the first major U.S. city to vote to make the private possession of less than an ounce of marijuana legal for adults 21 and older.
In 2005, Molson Coors Brewing Company established its U.S. headquarters in Denver.
In 2005, a $310.7 million expansion of the Colorado Convention Center was completed, doubling its size.
On November 17, 2006, the Transportation Expansion Project (T-REX) was completed, which expanded highway lanes, improved access and drainage, and added a light rail line in the southern I-25 corridor.
As of 2006, Denver had over 200 parks, from small pocket parks all over the city to the giant 314-acre City Park, and 29 recreation centers.
In 2006, Denver established a Major League Lacrosse team, the Denver Outlaws, and the Colorado Mammoth of the National Lacrosse League won a championship.
In 2006, Denver was recognized for the third year in a row as the best city for singles.
In 2006, Samsonite moved its headquarters to Massachusetts after a change of ownership.
In 2007, The Major League Soccer team Colorado Rapids play in Dick's Sporting Goods Park, an 18,000-seat soccer-specific stadium opened.
In 2007, the Colorado Rockies advanced to the playoffs as a wild-card entrant, won the NL Championship Series, and brought the World Series to Denver for the first time but were swept in four games by the Boston Red Sox.
In the fourth quarter of 2007, Denver passed an initiative requiring the mayor to appoint an 11-member review panel to monitor the city's compliance with the 2005 marijuana ordinance.
In 2008, Denver hosted the Democratic National Convention for the second time, further promoting the city.
In 2008, Denver hosted the Democratic National Convention, marking the centennial of its first hosting in 1908.
In February 2009, the E. W. Scripps Company closed the Rocky Mountain News newspaper.
On March 29, 2009, the Ski Train made its final run to Winter Park Ski Resort.
On July 20, 2009, Denver had one of the top 10 costliest hailstorms in U.S. history.
According to the 2009-2010 rankings from Nielsen Media Research, Denver is the 16th-largest market in the country for television.
In late April 2010, Denver launched B-Cycle, a citywide bicycle sharing program, which was the largest in the United States at the time.
As of August 2010, plutonium contamination was still present outside the former Rocky Flats Plant site, posing risks to the envisioned Jefferson Parkway.
According to the 2009-2010 rankings from Nielsen Media Research, Denver is the 16th-largest market in the country for television.
As of 2010, 72.28% of Denver residents aged five and older spoke only English at home, while 21.42% spoke Spanish.
From 1981-2010, snowfall is common throughout the late fall, winter and early spring, averaging 53.5 inches (136 cm).
From 2010 onward the Downtown region has seen increased real estate investment with the construction of several new skyscrapers and major development around Denver Union Station.
In 2010, B-Cycle – Denver's citywide bicycle sharing program – was the largest in the United States at the time of its launch, boasting 400 bicycles.
In 2010, Denver adopted a comprehensive update of its zoning code to guide development as envisioned in adopted plans.
According to data from the 2011 American Community Survey, Denver ranks 6th among US cities with populations over 400,000 in terms of the percentage of workers who commute by bicycle at 2.2% of commuters.
According to the Spring 2011 Arbitron ranking, the Denver–Boulder radio market is the No. 19 market in the United States.
In 2011, Denver had a homeless rate of 19 per 10,000 residents, which was considerably lower than many other major cities.
In April 2012, the state history museum, History Colorado Center, opened.
On October 3, 2012, the University of Denver hosted the first of the three 2012 presidential debates between President Barack Obama and former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney.
In April 2013, the W Line, or West line, opened serving Golden/Federal Center as part of the FasTracks project.
In 2013, Continental later moved to Houston from Denver, but merged with United Airlines.
In 2013, History Colorado Center was named by True West Magazine as one of the top-ten "must see" history museums in the country.
The Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area had an estimated 2013 population of 2,697,476.
According to a report in the Journal of the American Medical Association, residents of Denver had a 2014 life expectancy of 80.02 years.
As of 2014, the Weather Channel ranked Denver the 18th-coldest major U.S. city, based on 30-year averages for December, January, and February.
In 2014, B-Cycle ridership peaked, then steadily declined.
In 2014, the Denver Outlaws won their first championship eight years after being established.
In 2015, 9.6 percent of Denver households did not own a car.
In 2015, Denver ranked No. 1 on Forbes' list of the Best Places for Business and Careers.
In 2015, a new commuter railway system commenced operations in the Denver metropolitan area with a network operation of 25 kV 60 Hz.
In April 2016, the commuter rail A Line from Denver Union Station to Denver International Airport opened, exceeding early ridership expectations.
In November 2016, Denver's unemployment rate recovered and had one of the lowest unemployment rates in the nation at 2.6%.
As of December 2016, the unemployment rate for the Denver–Aurora–Broomfield MSA is 2.6%.
Ballot issue 4B in 2016 won approval 62.8 percent to 37.2 percent, by Denver metro area voters, to extend the SCFD sales tax until 2030.
In 2016, the Denver Outlaws won another championship.
In 2016, the Ski Train service was revived on a trial basis with local support.
In 2016, the percentage of Denver households lacking a car remained virtually unchanged at 9.4 percent, while the city averaged 1.62 cars per household.
In February 2017, the light rail R Line through Aurora opened as part of the FasTracks expansion.
On May 8, 2017, Denver had one of the top 10 costliest hailstorms in U.S. history.
In 2017, Denver International Airport was ranked as the 28th-best airport in the world by Skytrax and second-best in the United States.
In 2017, Denver was ranked twenty-sixth among 108 U.S. cities by Walk Score for walkability.
In 2017, the Colorado legislature renewed studies of passenger rail service along the Front Range, exploring connections to Fort Collins and Pueblo.
In 2017, the Ski Train returned to service under Amtrak as the "Winter Park Express".
On June 28, 2018, the temperature reached up to 105 °F (41 °C) in Denver.
In 2004, the Scientific and Cultural Facilities Tax (SCFD) was renewed by voters and allowed to operate until 2018.
In 2018, Chipotle Mexican Grill was founded in Denver, but moved its headquarters to Newport Beach, California.
In 2018, electric scooter services began operating in Denver, with companies like LimeBike and Bird deploying scooters on city streets, leading to the city creating an official program.
In 2018, the Denver Bandits were established as the first professional football team for women in Colorado.
In 2018, the Denver Outlaws won another championship.
On April 26, 2019, the G Line to Arvada opened, as part of the FasTracks project.
In May 2019, Denver became the first U.S. city to decriminalize psilocybin mushrooms.
In July 2019, Mayor Hancock stated that Denver would not assist United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents with immigration raids.
A 2019 analysis showed the average temperature at Denver International Airport, 50.2 °F (10 °C), was significantly cooler than downtown, 53.0 °F (12 °C).
In 2019, Molson Coors Brewing Company announced its departure from Denver.
In 2019, the "Denver Moves: Pedestrians" plan outlined the need for significant funding for sidewalk construction and trails.
In 2019, the Denver Bandits will be a part of the initial season for the Women's National Football Conference (WNFC).
In the pre-pandemic year of 2019, Denver International Airport had 61 million passengers, ranking it 5th highest in the U.S.
At the end of January 2020, Denver's B-Cycle program announced it would cease operations.
On September 21, 2020, the N Line to Commerce City and Thornton opened, as part of the FasTracks expansion project.
According to the 2020 United States census, the racial composition of Denver was as follows.
According to the 2020 census, the City and County of Denver contained 715,522 people and 301,501 households.
As of the 2020 census, the population of the City and County of Denver was 715,522, making it the 19th most populous U.S. city.
In 2020, during the George Floyd protests, the Stapleton neighborhood was renamed Central Park due to Stapleton's racism and KKK membership.
In 2020, the Denver Outlaws folded with the MLL-PLL merger.
In 2020, the Stapleton neighborhood's community association voted to change the name from Stapleton to Central Park.
In 2021, Denver International Airport became the 3rd busiest airport in the world with 58.8 million passengers.
In the 2021 winter season, Denver began the month of December without any snowfall for the first time in history.
On December 22, 2022, Denver experienced a low of −24 °F (−31 °C), with a wind chill of −40 °F (−40 °C).
As of 2022, the Park Score by the Trust for Public Land ranked Denver's park system as the 18th best among the 50 most populous U.S. cities.
Denver explored a potential bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics, but no bid was submitted.
In 2022, Denver voters approved Initiative 307, also known as "Denver Deserves Sidewalks," which shifts sidewalk maintenance responsibility to the city and imposes a new fee on property owners.
In 2022, While in Denver, they Colorado Avalanche have won three Stanley Cups.
In 2022, the Colorado Mammoth of the National Lacrosse League won a championship.
Marijuana was legalized in the state in 2022.
According to the Pew Research Center, 53% of adults in the Denver Metro area identify as Christians in 2023-24, with Catholics being the most common denomination.
As of 2023, the Front Range Passenger Rail proposal suggests linking cities from Pueblo to Fort Collins and potentially Cheyenne, Wyoming.
As of the city's 2023 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, Denver's top employers are: (Note: Specific employers not provided in context).
In 2023, the Denver MSA had a gross metropolitan product of $311.9 billion, ranking as the 18th largest metro economy in the United States. Additionally, the 12-County Denver–Aurora, CO Combined Statistical Area had a GDP of $377.7 billion in 2023, while the broader Front Range had a GDP of $474.6 billion.
In 2023, the Denver Nuggets won their first NBA championship.
In 2024, Denver based Ibotta's initial public offering (IPO) was the largest tech IPO in Colorado's history.
In 2024, and continuing into 2025, Amtrak's Winter Park Express greatly expanded service, doubling capacity and running Thursday-Monday during ski season.
In 2024, the League of American Bicyclists rated Colorado as the sixth most bicycle-friendly state in the nation.
In 2025, Amtrak's Winter Park Express greatly expanded service, doubling capacity and running Thursday-Monday during ski season, continuing expanded service from 2024.
In 2025, Denver was awarded a National Women's Soccer League team called Denver Summit FC.
Ballot issue 4B in 2016 won approval 62.8 percent to 37.2 percent, by Denver metro area voters, to extend the SCFD sales tax until 2030.
A commuter rail connection between Boulder/Longmont and Denver, as part of the FasTracks initiative, is planned to be completed by RTD, but no construction funds have been identified before 2040.
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