Colorado is a Mountain state in the Western US, renowned for its diverse landscape encompassing mountains, forests, plains, mesas, canyons, plateaus, rivers, and deserts. It's the eighth-largest U.S. state by area, and the 21st by population, with an estimated population of nearly 6 million as of 2024. Geographically, Colorado includes most of the Southern Rocky Mountains, the northeastern part of the Colorado Plateau, and the western edge of the Great Plains.
In 1901, Denver set a record for the number of consecutive days above 90°F (32°C).
In 1903, poor labor conditions led to the 1903–1904 Western Federation of Miners Strike where strikers clashed with the Colorado National Guard.
In 1903, poor labor conditions led to the 1903–1904 Western Federation of Miners Strike where strikers clashed with the Colorado National Guard. The strike continued into 1904.
In 1905, Holly Sugar was first milled from beets in Holly, Colorado.
In his 1906 "Impressions of America", Irish playwright Oscar Wilde described Leadville as "the richest city in the world. It has also got the reputation of being the roughest, and every man carries a revolver."
In 1908, Colorado became the first western state to host a major political convention when the Democratic Party met in Denver.
From 1910 to 1922, Colorado and Utah dominated radium mining, with uranium and vanadium as byproducts.
In 1910, Samsonite luggage, a brand known nationally, originated in a Colorado factory in Denver.
In 1911, Gates belts and hoses, a brand known nationally, originated in a Colorado factory in Denver.
In 1913, labor unrest led to the 1913–1914 Coalfield War, resulting in federal troop intervention to quell the violence.
In 1914, the Colorado Coalfield War continued and included the Ludlow massacre, which resulted in the deaths of a dozen women and children. Federal troops intervened to end the violence.
In 1920, CoorsTek industrial ceramics, a brand known nationally, originated in a Colorado factory in Golden.
In 1920, the Denver streetcar strike resulted in federal troops intervening to end the violence.
From 1910 to 1922, Colorado and Utah dominated radium mining, with uranium and vanadium as byproducts.
In 1923, Russell Stover Candies, a brand known nationally, originated in a Colorado factory in Denver.
On April 1, 1924, armed students patrolled the campus after a burning cross was found, the climax of tensions between Regis College and the locally-powerful Ku Klux Klan.
In 1924, the Ku Klux Klan achieved dominance in Colorado politics, exerting significant control over the Democratic and Republican parties, including the governor's office and city governments.
In 1927, the 1927-28 Colorado coal strike occurred. During it, the Columbine Mine massacre resulted in six dead strikers following a confrontation with Colorado Rangers.
By the U.S. census in 1930, the population of Colorado first exceeded one million residents.
In 1930, Monfort of Colorado, Inc., which later evolved into Swift packed meat of Greeley, was established.
On November 8, 1932, Colorado approved the repeal of alcohol prohibition, more than a year before the Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified.
In 1935, the Agricultural College of Colorado was renamed the Colorado State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts.
In 1940 the Ute Mountain Ute Indian Reservation was established.
In 1940, the U.S. Census Bureau reported Colorado's population as 8.2% Hispanic and 90.3% non-Hispanic White.
In 1941, at the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, the battleship USS Colorado was located at the naval base in San Diego, California, and thus went unscathed.
In the 1930s, a process of extirpation saw the last wild wolf in Colorado shot in 1945.
Between 1947 and 1972, the mountain goat, not native to Colorado, was introduced to the state.
In 1948, Colorado voted for the Democratic candidate in the presidential election, deviating from its reliably Republican voting pattern in the post-World War II era.
In 1949, Jolly Rancher candy, a brand known nationally, originated in a Colorado factory in Golden.
Following a 1950 assessment by the Service Academy Board, it was determined that there was a need to supplement the U.S. Military and Naval Academies with a third school.
Since at least 1953, Colorado has banned the sale of motor vehicles on Sunday via C.R.S. section 12-6-302.
On April 1, 1954, President Dwight Eisenhower signed a law that moved for the creation of a U.S. Air Force Academy.
From its establishment in 1955, until the construction of appropriate facilities in Colorado Springs was completed and opened in 1958, the Air Force Academy operated out of Lowry Air Force Base in Denver.
On September 11, 1957, a plutonium fire occurred at the Rocky Flats Plant, resulting in significant plutonium contamination of surrounding populated areas.
In 1957, the Colorado State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts became Colorado State University.
In 1958, Estes model rockets were first launched in Penrose, Colorado.
In 1958, with the opening of the Colorado Springs facility, the cadets moved to the new campus.
Prior to Bill Ritter's election in 2007, the previous electoral victory for a native-born Coloradan in a gubernatorial race was in 1958.
In 1962, Waterpik dental water jets and showerheads were established in Fort Collins, Colorado.
In 1964, Colorado voted for the Democratic candidate in the presidential election, deviating from its reliably Republican voting pattern in the post-World War II era.
In 1965, the Denver Flood occurred.
In 1967, Colorado was the first state to loosen restrictions on abortion when governor John Love signed a law allowing abortions in cases of rape, incest, or threats to the woman's mental or physical health.
In March 1969, the National Chicano Youth Liberation Conference was held in Colorado.
In 1969, Celestial Seasonings herbal teas started being made in Boulder, Colorado.
On May 12, 1970, Denver was chosen by the International Olympic Committee as the host city for the 1976 Winter Olympics.
Between 1947 and 1972, the mountain goat, not native to Colorado, was introduced to the state.
In 1972, Colorado voters rejected a referendum proposal to fund the 1976 Winter Olympics, which had been scheduled to be held in the state.
As of June 2020, there were 525 recorded earthquakes in Colorado since 1973, a majority of which range 2 to 3.5 on the Richter scale.
In 1973, John Arthur Love was given a position in Richard Nixon's administration, resulting in John David Vanderhoof ascending from the Lieutenant Governorship.
In 1975, when John David Vanderhoof left office, Colorado had its last native-born governor until 2007.
In 1976, the Big Thompson River flooding occurred.
In 1976, the Winter Olympics had been scheduled to be held in Colorado, however, funding was rejected by voters in 1972.
In 1981, Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory made its first candy in Durango, Colorado.
The 2020 presidential election was the first time Colorado had been won by double digits since 1984.
On February 1, 1985, the lowest official air temperature ever recorded in Colorado was −61 °F (−51.7 °C) at Maybell.
In 1988 the "Rio Grande" was acquired, but was merged into, the Southern Pacific Railroad by their joint owner Philip Anschutz.
On July 11, 1990, Denver was hit by a severe hailstorm.
In 1990, the Limon F3 tornado caused damage in the Eastern Plains of Colorado.
In 1991, Regis College was renamed Regis University.
In 1992, Colorado voted for the Democratic candidate in the presidential election, deviating from its reliably Republican voting pattern in the post-World War II era.
In 1992, by a margin of 53 to 47 percent, Colorado voters approved Amendment 2 to the state constitution. This amendment would have prevented any city, town, or county in the state from recognizing homosexuals or bisexuals as a protected class.
In 1993, despite being an artificially-introduced species, the state declared mountain goats a native species.
On September 11, 1996, Anschutz sold the combined company to the Union Pacific Railroad, creating the largest railroad network in the United States.
In 1996, in a 6–3 ruling in Romer v. Evans, the U.S. Supreme Court found that preventing protected status based upon homosexuality or bisexuality in Colorado did not satisfy the Equal Protection Clause.
In 1999, the Columbine High School massacre occurred, where two gunmen killed 12 students and one teacher before committing suicide.
On November 7, 2000, 54% of Colorado voters passed Amendment 20, which amends the Colorado State constitution to allow the medical use of marijuana.
According to the 2000 census, nearly 60% of Coloradans are native to other states.
According to the 2000 census, the largest ancestry groups in Colorado are German (22%), Mexican (18%), Irish (12%), and English (12%).
In 2000, Colorado legalized marijuana for medicinal use.
Per the 2000 census, the Hispanic population is estimated to be 918,899, or approximately 20% of the state's total population.
From 2001 to 2007, uranium price increases prompted several companies to revive uranium mining in Colorado.
In 2003, the Colorado Legislature temporarily suspended the state's senior property tax exemption.
In 2004, 17% of the population in Colorado was considered medically obese.
In 2006, the tax break was scheduled to return for the assessment year, payable in 2007.
In 2006, voters passed Amendment 43, which banned same-sex marriage in Colorado.
There were a total of 70,331 births in Colorado in 2006, resulting in a birth rate of 14.6 per thousand.
From 2001 to 2007, uranium price increases prompted several companies to revive uranium mining in Colorado.
In 2007, Bill Ritter, a native-born Coloradan, took office as governor, marking the first electoral victory for a native-born Coloradan in a gubernatorial race since 1958.
In 2007, non-Hispanic Whites were involved in 59.1% of all births in Colorado, with 14.06% involving a non-Hispanic White person and someone of a different race (often Hispanic), and 43% of births involving at least one Hispanic person.
The tax break was scheduled to return for the assessment year 2006, payable in 2007.
In 2008, Colorado voted for Barack Obama in the presidential election, signaling a shift towards the Democratic Party.
In 2008, the Windsor EF3 tornado devastated a small town in the Eastern Plains of Colorado.
In late 2008, price drops and financing problems forced companies to cancel or scale back the uranium-mining project.
In the summer of 2008, Denver broke the 1901 record with 24 consecutive days above 90°F (32°C).
In 2009, the United States Census Bureau estimated that the population of Colorado exceeded five million.
According to the Association of Religion Data Archives, the largest Christian denominations by the number of adherents in 2010 were the Catholic Church with 811,630; multi-denominational Evangelical Protestants with 229,981; and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with 151,433.
As of the 2010 census, Colorado has the seventh highest percentage of Hispanics (20.7%) in the U.S.
In 2010, Boulder was named America's Foodiest Town by Bon Appétit.
Per capita personal income in Colorado in 2010 was $51,940, ranking Colorado 11th in the nation.
The 10-county Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area at the 2010 census.
The 18-county Front Range Urban Corridor along the northeast face of the Southern Rocky Mountains at the 2010 census.
On August 22, 2011, a 5.3 magnitude earthquake occurred 9 miles (14 km) west-southwest of Trinidad.
In 2011, 46% of Colorado's population younger than the age of one were minorities, meaning that they had at least one parent who was not non-Hispanic White.
In June 2012, the Waldo Canyon Fire and High Park Fire occurred.
On July 20, 2012, a gunman killed 12 people in a movie theater in Aurora.
On November 6, 2012, voters amended the state constitution to protect "personal use" of marijuana for adults, establishing a framework to regulate marijuana in a manner similar to alcohol.
In 2012, Colorado adopted the 64th state amendment, becoming the first state in the union to legalize marijuana for industrial and recreational use.
In 2012, Colorado voted for Barack Obama in the presidential election, continuing its shift towards the Democratic Party.
As of January 2013 the RTD rail system had 170 light-rail vehicles, serving 47 miles (76 km) of track.
By 2013, conservation efforts succeeded in bringing the pronghorn population in Colorado back up to roughly 66,000.
In 2013, Colorado experienced significant floods.
In 2013, an unknown illness killed nearly all mountain goat kids, leading to a Colorado Parks and Wildlife investigation. The illness also occurred in 2014 and 2019.
On January 1, 2014, the first recreational marijuana shops in Colorado, and by extension the United States, opened their doors.
On April 4, 2014, Senate Bill 14–184 addressing oversight of Colorado's industrial hemp program was first introduced.
On May 31, 2014, Senate Bill 14–184 addressing oversight of Colorado's industrial hemp program was signed into law by Governor John Hickenlooper.
In August 2014, Colorado began to issue driver licenses to aliens not lawfully in the United States who lived in Colorado.
In September 2014, KCNC reported that 524 non-citizens were issued Colorado driver licenses that are normally issued to U.S. citizens living in Colorado.
According to a report in the Journal of the American Medical Association, residents of Colorado had a 2014 life expectancy of 80.21 years, the longest of any U.S. state.
As of 2014, major religious affiliations of the people of Colorado were 64% Christian, of whom there are 44% Protestant, 16% Roman Catholic, 3% Mormon, and 1% Eastern Orthodox.
In 2014, an unknown illness killed nearly all mountain goat kids, leading to a Colorado Parks and Wildlife investigation. The illness also occurred in 2013 and 2019.
In 2014, while governor, John Hickenlooper allocated about half of the state's $13 million "Medical Marijuana Program Cash Fund" to medical research.
In 2015, Furious 7 was scheduled to film driving sequences on Pikes Peak Highway in Colorado.
In 2015, the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Obergefell v. Hodges nullified Colorado's Amendment 43, which had banned same-sex marriage.
The total state product in Colorado in 2015 was $318.6 billion.
As of 2016, there were no major uranium mining operations in the state of Colorado, though plans existed to restart production.
In 2016, Colorado voted for Hillary Clinton in the presidential election, continuing its shift towards the Democratic Party.
In 2016, Colorado's marijuana industry sold $1.31 billion worth of marijuana and generated tax, fee, and license revenue of $194 million on legal marijuana sales.
In 2016, the Median Annual Household Income in Colorado was $70,666, ranking 8th in the nation.
On May 8, 2017, Denver experienced the costliest hailstorm in the state's history.
On August 24, 2018, four minor earthquakes rattled Colorado, ranging from magnitude 2.9 to 4.3.
As of December 2018, the state's unemployment rate was 4.2%.
As of 2018, 24% of the population in Colorado was considered medically obese.
By 2018, the Medical Marijuana Program Cash Fund was the "largest pool of pot money in the state" and was used to fund programs including research into pediatric applications for controlling autism symptoms.
In 2018, Colorado attracted 85.2 million tourists, generating $22.3 billion in revenue.
In 2018, Wine Enthusiast Magazine named Colorado's Grand Valley AVA in Mesa County, Colorado, as one of the Top Ten wine travel destinations in the world.
In 2018, the Virginia-class submarine USS Colorado (SSN-788) was commissioned.
In 2018, the West Virginia teachers' strike inspired teachers in other states, including Colorado, to take similar action.
On July 20, 2019, the highest official ambient air temperature ever recorded in Colorado was 115 °F (46.1 °C) at John Martin Dam.
In October 2019, Colorado became the first state to accept digital ID via its myColorado app.
By 2019, Hispanics made up 22% of Colorado's population, and Non-Hispanic Whites made up 70%.
By 2019, the pronghorn population in Colorado was estimated to have reached 85,000, leading to more run-ins with increased suburban housing along the eastern Front Range.
In 2019, The Denver Post reported that "[i]ndividuals living in southeastern Colorado are more vulnerable to potential health effects from climate change than residents in other parts of the state".
In 2019, a wolf pack recolonized Moffat County, Colorado.
In 2019, an unknown illness killed nearly all mountain goat kids, leading to a Colorado Parks and Wildlife investigation. The illness also occurred in 2013 and 2014.
In 2019, the total employment in Colorado was 2,473,192, with 174,258 employer establishments.
The first class of Space Force officers from the Air Force Academy commissioned on April 18, 2020.
As of June 2020, there were 525 recorded earthquakes in Colorado since 1973, a majority of which range 2 to 3.5 on the Richter scale.
In November 2020, Colorado voters authorized an initiative to lower the state income tax rate to 4.55 percent.
At the 2020 United States census, 4,299,942 of the 5,773,714 Colorado residents (74.47%) lived in one of the 273 active incorporated municipalities.
In 2020, Coloradans voted to reintroduce gray wolves, with the state committing to a plan to have a population in the state by 2022.
In 2020, Colorado voted for Joe Biden in the presidential election, continuing its shift towards the Democratic Party.
In 2020, according to the Public Religion Research Institute, Christianity was 66% of the population. Judaism was also reported to have increased in this separate study, forming 2% of the religious landscape, while the religiously unaffiliated were reported to form 28% of the population in this separate study.
In 2020, arid conditions and drought negatively impacted corn yields in the Eastern Plains of Colorado.
In 2020, the Association of Religion Data Archives determined the largest Christian denominations were Catholics (873,236), non/multi/inter-denominational Protestants (406,798), and Mormons (150,509).
In 2020, the Pine Gulch Fire, Cameron Peak Fire, and East Troublesome Fire became the three largest fires in Colorado history.
In 2020, the United States Census was conducted. The Census Bureau estimated the population of Colorado to be 5,957,493 as of July 1, 2024, marking a 3.2% increase from the 2020 census.
In a 2020 study, Colorado was ranked as the seventh easiest state for citizens to vote in.
The Denver-Aurora, CO Combined Statistical Area had a population of 3,623,560 at the 2020 census.
The Front Range Urban Corridor along the northeast face of the Southern Rocky Mountains had a population of 5,055,344 at the 2020 census.
On March 22, 2021, a gunman killed 10 people, including a police officer, in a King Soopers supermarket in Boulder.
On December 30, 2021, the Marshall Fire started and was the most destructive ever in terms of property loss.
By November 2022, the Colorado Governor's Office of Information Technology announced that the myColorado app had over 1 million users.
According to HUD's 2022 Annual Homeless Assessment Report, there were an estimated 10,397 homeless people in Colorado.
Coloradans voted to reintroduce gray wolves in 2020, with the state committing to a plan to have a population in the state by 2022.
In 2022, a gunman killed 5 people at a nightclub in Colorado Springs in an instance of anti-LGBT violence.
In 2022, arid conditions and drought negatively impacted corn yields in the Eastern Plains of Colorado.
In 2022, the same organization reported 61% was Christian (39% Protestant, 19% Catholic, 2% Mormon, 1% Eastern Orthodox), 2% New Age, 1% Jewish, 1% Hindu, and 34% religiously unaffiliated.
Religious self-identification per Public Religion Research Institute's 2022 American Values Survey.
On July 1, 2023, the United States Census Bureau estimated the population of Colorado at 5,877,610.
On July 21, 2023, the Office of Management and Budget defined 21 statistical areas for Colorado comprising four combined statistical areas, seven metropolitan statistical areas, and ten micropolitan statistical areas.
On December 19, 2023, the Colorado Supreme Court ruled that Donald Trump was disqualified from the 2024 United States presidential election in part due to his alleged incitement of the January 6 United States Capitol attack.
As of 2023, the Democratic Party holds a 23 to 12 majority in the Colorado Senate and a 46 to 19 majority in the Colorado House.
On March 4, 2024, the United States Supreme Court overruled the Colorado Supreme Court decision regarding Donald Trump's eligibility for the 2024 presidential election.
On July 1, 2024, the United States Census Bureau estimated Colorado's population to be 5,957,493, marking a 3.2% increase from the 2020 United States census.
In 2024, Colorado residents voted to establish an explicit right to abortion in Colorado's state constitution and to repeal Amendment 43's defunct marriage ban.
In 2024, Colorado voted for Kamala Harris in the presidential election, continuing its shift towards the Democratic Party.
In 2025, the state-issued digital identifications will be considered valid when Real ID enforcement begins, in line with the Real ID Act of 2005.