The narwhal, a toothed whale species native to the Arctic, is the sole member of the genus *Monodon* and one of two living species in the family Monodontidae. Closely related to the beluga whale, with which it shares habitat and can interbreed, the narwhal is a robust cetacean with a relatively blunt snout, a prominent melon, and a shallow ridge instead of a dorsal fin. Male narwhals possess a distinctive tusk, a protruding left canine ranging from 1.5 to 3.0 meters in length. This tusk is believed to function as a weapon, a feeding tool, a means of attracting mates, or a sensory organ for detecting water salinity. Specialized slow-twitch muscles, combined with jointed neck vertebrae and a shallow dorsal ridge, facilitate the narwhal's movement through the Arctic environment, where it frequently dives to significant depths.
Around 1,000 narwhal carcasses were discovered in 1914-1915 following entrapment events, predominantly in Disko Bay, West Greenland.
Following the events of 1914, in 1915, continued discoveries of narwhal carcasses were made due to entrapment, totaling approximately 1000 over the two year period.
An event or discovery related to IRSNB M 1922 occurred in 1922. Further context is needed to provide a specific title and description.
The United States banned imports of products made from narwhal parts in 1972 under the Marine Mammal Protection Act.
In 1990, the remains of an unusual whale were discovered in West Greenland, possessing characteristics of both a narwhal and a beluga.
Canadian narwhal catches, which had declined in the late 1980s and 1990s, started to rise again after 1999.
Hunters in Siorapaluk reported increased narwhal catches in 2002, potentially due to increased vulnerability caused by climate change.
Narwhal hunts in Hudson Bay during 2007 were analyzed for a study.
Several narwhal sea entrapment events were recorded in 2008-2010 during the Arctic winter, including in new locations, suggesting later departure from summering grounds.
In 2010, along with the events recorded in 2008-2009, continued increased narwhal sea entrapment events were observed, particularly during the Arctic winter, raising concerns about changing environmental conditions and their impact on migration patterns.
In 2011, approximately 12,000 narwhals were estimated to be present in Northern Hudson Bay.
A 2013 paper, based on a 2007 analysis of narwhal hunts in Hudson Bay, estimated a gross revenue of CA$6,542 (US$6,091) per narwhal.
Around 49,000 narwhals were estimated near Somerset Island in 2013.
Drone footage from Tremblay Sound, Nunavut, in August 2016, showed narwhals using their tusks to tap and stun small Arctic cod to facilitate feeding.
In 2017, the global narwhal population was estimated at 170,000, with 123,000 mature individuals.
A 2018 molecular analysis of Monodontidae fossils suggests that they diverged from Phocoenidae between 10.82 and 20.12 million years ago.
In 2018, a female narwhal was found to have alphaherpesvirus.
A phylogenetic tree of the Monodontidae family was published based on a 2019 study.
DNA analysis in 2019 confirmed that the unusual whale remains found in 1990 belonged to a narluga, a hybrid between a narwhal and a beluga.
In 2019, the fossil species Casatia thermophila, discovered in central Italy, was proposed as a potential ancestor of the narwhal.
A 2020 phylogenetic study using mitochondrial DNA indicated that narwhals and beluga whales split around 4.98 million years ago.
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