A detailed timeline of the impact and legacy of Rosa Parks across different fields.
Rosa Parks was a pivotal figure in the American Civil Rights Movement. In 1955, her refusal to give up her seat to a white passenger on a segregated bus in Montgomery, Alabama, led to her arrest and sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott. This boycott, a major event in the Civil Rights Movement, lasted over a year and ultimately led to the Supreme Court ruling that segregation on buses was unconstitutional. Parks' courageous act and subsequent activism made her an icon and earned her the title of 'mother of the civil rights movement'.
During the 1979/1980 academic year, Rosa Parks visited the Black Panther school in Oakland, California. As part of her visit, she attended a student play dramatizing her refusal to move in 1955, and stayed after to answer the students' questions.
In 1972, Rosa Parks received the Rosa Parks Freedom Award from the SCLC.
In 1976, at the behest of her friend Louise Tappes, Detroit's 12th street was renamed "Rosa Parks Boulevard".
During the 1979/1980 academic year, Rosa Parks visited the Black Panther school in Oakland, California. As part of her visit, she attended a student play dramatizing her refusal to move in 1955, and stayed after to answer the students' questions.
In 1979, Rosa Parks was featured on one of the cards in the Supersisters trading card set, card no. 27.
During the 1979/1980 academic year, Rosa Parks visited the Black Panther school in Oakland, California. As part of her visit, she attended a student play dramatizing her refusal to move in 1955, and stayed after to answer the students' questions.
In 1983, Rosa Parks was inducted into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame.
In 1987, Rosa Parks co-founded the Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self Development with Elaine Eason Steele.
In 1991, a bronze sculpture of Rosa Parks was displayed at the National Portrait Gallery.
In 1993, Rosa Parks was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.
In 1996, Rosa Parks received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from Bill Clinton.
In 1997, Michigan designated February 4 as Rosa Parks Day.
In 1999, Rosa Parks filmed a cameo appearance for the television series Touched by an Angel.
In 1999, Rosa Parks was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and was honored with the Windsor–Detroit International Freedom Festival Freedom Award. Time also named her one of the 20 most influential figures of the 20th century.
In 2000, Troy University opened the Rosa Parks Library and Museum at the site of Parks's arrest at the cost of $10 million.
In 2001, Rosa Parks was played by Iris Little-Thomas in the film 'Boycott', directed by Clark Johnson.
In 2002, Angela Bassett played Rosa Parks in the biopic 'The Rosa Parks Story', directed by Julie Dash.
In 2002, Rosa Parks's apartment in Montgomery was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.
In 2003, the bus on which Rosa Parks refused to move was restored with funding from the Save America's Treasures program and placed on display at The Henry Ford museum.
October 24, 2005 marks the day of Rosa Parks's death. She was an American civil rights activist known for her role in the Montgomery bus boycott.
On October 29, 2005, Concurrent Resolution 61 was approved, allowing Rosa Parks's remains to lie in state at the United States Capitol rotunda.
After her death in 2005, Rosa Parks was honored with public viewings and memorial services in multiple cities, including lying in state at the United States Capitol rotunda. She also received numerous awards and honors.
In 2005, after Rosa Parks's death, President Bush signed H.R. 4145, authorizing a statue of Parks to be placed in the National Statuary Hall at the United States Capitol.
In 2006, Nassau County, New York County Executive Tom Suozzi announced that the Hempstead Transit Center would be renamed the Rosa Parks Hempstead Transit Center in Rosa Parks's honor.
In 2009, the Portland Boulevard station of the Los Angeles County MetroRail system was officially named Rosa Parks Station, and the Rosa Parks Transit Center opened in downtown Detroit.
In 2010, the asteroid 284996 Rosaparks, discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, was named in Rosa Parks's memory.
On February 4, 2013, Obama proclaimed February 4, 2013, as the "100th Anniversary of the Birth of Rosa Parks", calling "upon all Americans to observe this day with appropriate service, community, and education programs to honor Rosa Parks's enduring legacy".
In 2013, a statue of Rosa Parks was unveiled in the National Statuary Hall at the United States Capitol, with President Obama and House Speaker John Boehner in attendance.
In 2014, a statue of Rosa Parks was dedicated at the Essex Government Complex in Newark, New Jersey.
In 2015, Rosa Parks station opened in Paris, France.
In 2015, Theoharis published her biography, 'The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks', arguing that the popular narrative of Rosa Parks obscures her lifelong radical activism.
On January 4, 2016, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit reviewed a lawsuit by the Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self Development against Target, regarding the use of Rosa Parks's name and likeness in merchandise. The court ruled that the use was permissible under Michigan law due to its historical context within the Civil Rights Movement.
In 2016, Gary Tyler, whom Rosa Parks had advocated for, was freed after 41 years in prison.
In 2016, Rosa Parks's former residence in Detroit was threatened with demolition, and a Berlin-based American artist, Ryan Mendoza, arranged to have the house disassembled, moved to his garden in Germany, and partly restored and converted into a museum honoring Parks.
In 2018, Rosa Parks's house was moved back to the United States and eventually exhibited at the WaterFire Arts Center in Providence, Rhode Island. Continuing the Conversation, a public sculpture of Parks, was unveiled on the main campus of Georgia Tech.
In 2018, the episode 'Rosa' of the science-fiction television series 'Doctor Who', which centered on Rosa Parks, was released and received positively.
In 2019, Mattel released a Barbie doll in Rosa Parks's likeness as part of their "Inspiring Women" series.
In 2019, another statue of Rosa Parks was unveiled in Montgomery.
In 2021, a bust of Rosa Parks was added to the Oval Office when Joe Biden began his presidency.
In 2022, the documentary 'The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks', inspired by Theoharis's biography, was released on Peacock.
In 2023, a statue of Rosa Parks was approved for the Alabama State Capitol grounds.
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